• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.354-361
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular taekwondo training on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in obese middle-aged women. Thirty-three middle-aged women with obesity were selected for this study and randomly assigned into a control group(CG, n=18) and an taekwondo group(TG, n=15). The TG performed taekwondo training 5 times weekly for 16 weeks, while the CG did not exercise training. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels were analyzed and Stroop Color and Word tests were performed before and after the intervention. The serum BDNF and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in the TG after the intervention(p<.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found in the serum VEGF levels, or in the Stroop Color and Word Test scores(p>.05). These results suggest that regular taekwondo training may be affects levels of peripheral neurotrophic factors but not cognitive function in obese middle-aged women.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1 s.97
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

In order to understand the relationship between succession of phytoplankton community structure and inorganic nutrients and particulate organic matters, a one station in Kyungan stream in Korea during the dry season was chosen. Water samplings were carried out once a week from 18 August to 13 November 1993. The DIN concentration distributed always abundantly, however, phosphate and silicate gradually reduced during the period. Phytoplankton community had a peak chlorophyll a concentration of $90.6\;{\mu}g/l$ in late summer (21 August 1993) and a second peak of $29.7\;{\mu}g/l$ in autumn (2 October 1993). After then late autumn was characterined by relatively low chlorophyll a concentration of $15{\sim}16\;{\mu}g/l$. Seasonal fluctuation of chlorophyll a concentrations were correlated with measured POC and PON concentrations: phytoplankton blooming may be a major factor controlling POC and PON concentrations in this ecosystem. Phosphate plays an most important role as a limiting factor of phytoplankton growth. However, when Si/P ratio low, silicate may be a more critical limiting factor than phosphate. Shifts of P-limitation to Si- limitation the succession of dominant phytoplankton can in duce: diatom to cyanobacteria such as Anabaena, Microcystis and Oscillatoria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1905-1911
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• 2015

Melanin is one of the most important factors affecting skin color. Melanogenesis is the bioprocess of melanin production by melanocytes in the skin and hair follicles and is mediated by several enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Convenient enzymatic transformation of the simple phenol pyrogallol with polyphenol oxidase originating from pear to an oxidative product, purpurogallin, was efficient. The structure of the pyrogallol oxidation product was identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The biotransformation product purpurogallin showed significant inhibitory effects against both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner in B16 melanoma cells. In addition, purpurogallin significantly attenuated melanin production by inhibiting TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression through modulation of their corresponding transcription factors, and microphthalamia- associated transcription factor in B16 cells. Consequently, purpurogallin derived from convenient enzymatic transformation of pyrogallol might be a beneficial material for reducing skin hyperpigmentation.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to estimate the incidence of nosocomial sepsis and to identify the most relevant risk factors for nosocomial sepsis in high-risk very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods : A retrospective review of 341 VLBW infants, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Eulji University Hospital (Daejeon & Seoul) between January 2002 and June 2009, who survived more than 72 hours was performed. The incidence, causative organisms, risk factors and prognosis of nosocomial sepsis in VLBW infants were analyzed. Results : The incidence of nosocomial sepsis was 16.1% and the onset date of nosocomial sepsis was 21.5$\pm$15.9 days (mean$\pm$SD) after delivery. Staphylococcus aureus (21.3%) was the most common organism in the patients with nosocomial sepsis in VLBW infants. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, gestational age [odds ratio (OR), 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83-0.91], umbilical artery catheter use for more than 5 days (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.15-4.46), umbilical venous catheter use for more than 5 days (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.11-4.16), peripheral arterial line use (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.14-4.04) and intravenous intralipids (OR, 4.3;95% CI, 1.13-14.32) were identified as risk factors. Conclusion : The limited usage of intravascular catheter related procedures and the short providence of intravenous nutrition may decrease the incidence of nosocomial sepsis in VLBW infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.635-641
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• 2011

Anti-atherogenic effects in tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are involved with suppressed oxidative stress, cell adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether green tea seed coat ethyl acetate fraction (GTSCE) could modulate cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in HUVEC stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly increased in TNF-${\alpha}$-stimulated HUVEC compared to TNF-${\alpha}$ only treated cells. The NO that is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase dilates blood vessels and has protective effects against platelet and leucocyte adhesion. GTSCE at 25, 50, 75, and $100\;{\mu}g$/mL significantly (p<0.05) reduced TNF-${\alpha}$ production. GTSCE significantly (p<0.05) inhibited soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 level, in a dose-dependent manner. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level was also significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by GTSCE treatment at $75\;{\mu}g$/mL compared to the TNF-${\alpha}$-only treated group. Total antioxidant capacity by GTSCE was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced compared to the TNF-${\alpha}$-only treated group. These results suggest that GTSCE can inhibit the production of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators and could be used as a candidate bioactive material to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of hot water extract of Aronia fruits (AF-H) was examined. Pre-treatment with AF-H significantly inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The inhibitory effect of AF-H on LPS-induced inflammation was also confirmed by down-regulation of inducible NO synthase as well as cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Furthermore, treatment with AF-H significantly inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor-necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6. Signal transduction pathway studies further indicated that AF-H inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase. Treatment with AF-H also partially protected against LPS-induced lethal shock in C57BL/6 mice, although its effect was not statistically significant. These results suggest that AF-H is a more promising nutraceutical or medicinal agent for inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation or inflammation-related diseases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.264-281
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• 2015

Suicidal ideation has received much attention from both practitioners and researchers as Korean society becomes aging and individualistic. However, previous researches on the suicide ideation have focused on young generations instead of adults who seem to be more suffered from economic pressure and all kinds of exterior environments causing depression. Besides, there were research voids in the suicidal ideation area where depression was never taken into consideration. In this sense, we attempted to launch empirical studies on analyzing explanatory factors relevant to suicidal ideation in all the age groups by using KNHANES dataset from 2008~2012 years. Especially, we further analyzed KNHANES dataset to know how much depression affects suicidal ideation. Empirical results showed that depression is in a significant relationship with the suicidal ideation in all the demographic dimensions such as age, education, living area, etc.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 1992

Environmental parameters and physiological characteristics of heterotrophic bacterial isolates were compared by factor analysis to investigate the influences of river barrage construction on the ecosystem of Naktong River Estuary. Aftcr the construction of river barrage, the influence of seawater was no longer significant. ant1 the influences of nutrients loading were increased from 50.7% to 77.1% of the environmental variances before and after the construction, respectively. The interpretations of features of bacterial physiological characteristics were closely related to environmental parameters as the results of factor analysis. But. differing from the environmental variances. it was found that the halophilic feature was the third factor of bacterial characteristics after the construction of river barrage. This suggests that the stability of Naktong estuarine ecosystem and heterotrophic bacterial characteristics are not established till now.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1757-1763
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• 2000

To consider the nutrient removal characteristics of BNR process activating soil microorganisms under the influence of DPB and to clear the characteristics of DPB under anoxic condition was investigated in the this study. The batch tests were conducted using sludge sampled from the BNR process activating soil microorganisms during operation periods. The results of this study were summarized as follows: - The DPB(Denitrifying Phosphorus removing Bacteria) performing denitrification and phosphorus uptake in the anoxic phase plays an important role in removing nitrogen and phosphorus in the BNR process activating soil microorganisms. - The PUR(Phosphorus Uptake Rate) of DPB in the anoxic phase was to be about 50% of PUR in the aerobic phase. - The DPB in the BNR process turned out to be increasing nutrient removal efficiency of BNR process.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Some blue-green algal species such as those in the genus Anabaena causing severe algal blooms can produce akinetes, resting spores, in aquatic ecosystems. Germinated akinetes staying in the sediment as "seed banks" grow into vegetative cells under favorable conditions of light intensity, nutrient, and temperature. Therefore, akinete plays an important role in forming the nuisance bloom. However, little information is available in the ecological study of akinetes compared to that of vegetative cells in Korea. This review reports ecological and physiological characteristics of akinetes, especially of the blue-green algal genus Anabaena. We also suggest the feasible area of akinetes in the freshwater ecosystems. We expect that the suggested studies associated with akinetes will contribute to further understanding the life cycle and ecology of Anabaena and other algae.