• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2008

This study was performed to identify association between nutritional status and health risks of the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study involving low income elderly women in Gwangju, Korea (${\geq}$65y, n = 92). Socio-demographics, life style characteristics, health conditions, dietary intakes based on 24h-recall method, anthropometric measures, and clinical biochemistry parameters were examined. Anthropometric and clinical parameters included wt, ht, waist, hip, body protein, body fat, abdominal fat, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, ferritin, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, CRP, TAS, TBARS, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The subjects were divided into three groups based on age (65-74y, 75-84y, 85y${\leq}$) and were divided into two groups according to the sum of the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist score (adequate nutritional status, NSI score ${\leq}$3; at risk of malnutrition, NSI score >3). Mean and frequency of variables were estimated. Analysis of Variance, Tukey test, Chi-square test, and Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Mean BMI and body fat were 25.1 $kg/m^2$ and 40.0%, respectively. However, for over 80% of subjects, the intakes of energy, fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, Ca, K, and Zn were less than the Korean DRI (EAR or AI). The subjects who had lower NSI score tended to have better health status, eat meals frequently, have less depression, and exercise regularly. The subjects who had higher NSI score tended to have tooth problems, to eat alone most of time, and to be physically unable to cook or feed. Serum IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly related with nutritional status which suggested higher tendency of inflammatory response. Serum IL-2, TAS, and glucose were significantly correlated with body fat (%) or abdominal fat (%). These results suggest that improving the nutritional status, increasing regular exercise, maintaining normal weight are beneficial to health care of low income elderly women.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.143-156
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• 2015

In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of water column environments in the Western Pacific seamount area (approximately $150.2^{\circ}E$, $20^{\circ}N$), we investigated the water mass and the behavior of water column parameters such as dissolved oxygen, inorganic nutrients (N, P), and chlorophyll-a. Physico-chemical properties of water column were obtained by CTD system at the nine stations which were selected along the east-west and south-north direction around the seamount (OSM14-2) in October 2014. From the temperature-salinity diagram, the main water masses were separated into North Pacific Tropical Water and Thermocline Water in the surface layer, North Pacific Intermediate Water in the intermediate layer, and North Pacific Deep Water in the bottom layer, respectively. Oxygen minimum zone (OMZ, mean $O_2$ $73.26{\mu}M$), known as dysoxic condition ($O_2<90{\mu}M$), was distributed in the depth range of 700~1,200 m throughout the study area. Inorganic nutrients typified by nitrite + nitrate and phosphate showed the lowest concentration in the surface mixed layer and then gradually increased downward with representing the maximum concentration in the OMZ, with lower N:P ratio (13.7), indicating that the nitrogen is regarded as limiting factor for primary production. Vertical distribution of water column parameters along the east-west and south-north station line around the seamount showed the effect of bottom water inflowing at around 500 m deep in the western and southern region, and concentrations of water column parameters in the bottom layer (below 2,500 m deep) of the western and southern region were differently distributed comparing to those of the other side regions (eastern and northern). The value of Excess N calculated from Redfield ratio (N:P=16:1) represented the negative value throughout the study area, which indicated the nitrogen sink dominant environments, and relative higher value of Excess N observed in the bottom layer of western and southern region. These observations suggest that the topographic features of a seamount influence the circulation of bottom current and its effects play a significant role in determining the behavior of water column environmental parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.617-636
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• 2015

The Mokpo coastal waters receive discharges from three artificial lakes(Youngsan, Youngam, Geumho) and other terrigenous freshwater inflows(streams, sewage treatment effluent, fresh groundwater), which exhibit very high concentrations of nutrients and/or organic matters. To understand spatial distributions of nutrients(DIN, DIP, DSi) and other water quality parameters(Chl-a, water temperature, salinity, DO, COD, SS), field surveys were conducted at 10 stations in the Mokpo harbor and adjacent estuaries on May, July, September, and November 2008 within 10 days following discharge events from artificial lakes. In this study, the freshwater flow rate influxed by the operation of sea dike sluice had significant influence on water qualities of the Mokpo coastal waters, although nutrient concentrations in other freshwater sources such as streams, sewage treatment effluent, and fresh groundwater were much higher. As a result of statistical analysis, DIN, COD, and Chl-a had a negative correlation with salinity. Therefore it was shown that discharge extents, time, and nutrients from the Youngsan lake were major impact factors dominating the spatial characteristics of nutrients and other water quality parameters in the Mokpo harbor and adjacent waters. However, despite non-discharge from the Youngsan Lake on September of this investigated period, it was observed that the nutrient addition was taking place in the lower layer of the estuary suggesting nutrient supply through different pathways. This result has emphasized the need to implement the combined assessment about the cumulative impacts on the Youngsan Estuary environment and ecosystem due to freshwater inputs derived from the artificial lakes as well as other terrigenous inflows, or benthic releases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.59-72
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• 1995

This study was carried out to analyze the food intake and associated factors of the urban poor elderly by comparing poor district, Unbong rental apartment in Bansong 2 dong with other areas in Pusan. 135 elderlies(men 36, women 99) in Unbong rental apartment, 136 elderlies(men 45, women 91) in the other areas were investigated during the period of March to August in 1994. The assumption that the study area represented poor district was satisfied because the age and sex distribution was not significantly different, and the income of the study area was significantly lower than that of the control area. The variables of hospitalized in previous 12 month, gastrointestinal problem, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking did not differ significantly. But the variables of chronic disease, take medicine, perceived health, vitamin supplement differed significantly between two groups. Therefore some factors associated with health state in the study area are worse than those of the control area. At most of all variables, nutrients intake of the study area did not reach the recommended dietary allowances(RDA) for Koreans, and that nutrient intakes of the study area were significantly lower than those of the control area. The hypothesis of this study that nutrient status depends on economical status was proved. As for the score of nutritional knowledge, the study area was significantly lower than the control area. But as for the score of nutritional behavior, two areas were not significantly different. The latter is counter result of our hypothesis, owing to the effect of the confounding factors including education etc. As for the correlation of variables, not only economic status and educational level, but the score of nutritional knowledge effects strongly on nutrient status in the study area, the poor district. Therefore, adequate nutritional education to the elderly in e poor district should be considered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2019

Purpose: Management of the metabolic risk factors in diabetes patients is essential for preventing or delaying diabetic complications. This study compared the levels of the metabolic risk factors in diabetes patients according to the income levels, and examined the secular trends in recent decades. Methods: The data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998 ~ 2014 were used. The diabetes patients were divided into three groups based on their household income levels. General information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, and the blood biomarkers and blood pressure data were obtained from a health examination. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare the metabolic biomarker levels according to the household income levels, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and blood lipid (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride) levels were similar in the three groups. During the survey period of 16 years, the blood pressure showed a significant decreasing trend with time in all groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, the fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.007) decreased significantly, and the HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.001) increased significantly in the highest-income groups. In the lowest-income group, the fasting blood glucose (p = 0.02), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and triglyceride (p = 0.003) levels showed a significant decreasing trend over time. On the other hand, the middle-income group showed no significant change in any of the metabolic risk factors except for blood pressure. Conclusion: The level of management of metabolic risk factors according to the income level of Korean diabetes patients was similar. On the other hand, the highest- and lowest-income groups showed positive trends of management of these factors during 16 years of observation, whereas the middle-income group did not show any improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2000

수산물 가공시 흘러나오는 폐수 중에 함유되어 있는 수용성 단백질을 chitosan에 흡착시키기 위하여 albumin과 hemoglobin, albumin-myoglobin 혼합단백질을 이용하여 chitosan과의 흡착 및 chitosan 제조조건에 따른 흡착효과와 chitosan의 수용성 단백질 흡착에 미치는 인자를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. Chitosan위 탈아세틸화 조건을 60, 70, 80%로 달리하여, albumin, hemoglobin, albumin-myoglobin 혼합용액에 적용했을때 chitosan의 탈아세틸화도가 높을수록 chitosan과 단백질 사이의 흡착률은 높게 나타났다. 초음파 처리에 의하여 chitosan의 분자량이 작을수록 chitosan과 단백질 사이의 흡착률은 높게 나타났다. pH변화에 따른 chitosan과 수용성 단백질의 흡착률은 albumin 및 albumin-myoglobin 혼합용액에서는 pH 4.0에서, hemoglobin용액에서는 pH 7.0에서 흡착률이 높게 나타났다 chitosan과 수용성단백질과의 흡착에서 반응시간은 albumin및 albumin-myoglobin 혼합용액에서는 4시간, hemoglobin용액에서는 3시간까지 흡착률이 증가하였고, 그 이후의 시간이 경화하여도 흡착률의 증가는 거의 보이지 않았다. 수용성 단백질 용액에 NaCl 농도를 0.1M에서 1.0M로 증가시켜 첨가했을때 염의 농도가 높을수록 chitosan과 단백질 사이의 흡착이 잘 일어나지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.333-337
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• 2002

남해 중부해역에서 적조발생과 관련해서 기상인자와의 상관성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 적조 다발 월 비교에서 강수량이 적조 발생과 밀접한 상관을 보였다. 즉, 강수량은 육지 및 연안지역의 영양염류를 해역으로 유입시킴으로서 적조발생의 영양 공급원으로 중요한 역할을 한다. 이때의 기온은 대체로 적조 다발철인 여름과 초가을에 높은 값을 유지했다. 그러나 일조시수나 바람은 적조발생에 직접적인 연관성을 가지지는 않은 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.505-509
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• 2002

남해 중부해역에서 적조발생과 관련해서 적조 다발월인 여름과 초가을에 기온과 마찬가지로 높은 수온을 유지한다. 또한 많은 강수량에 의하여 부유물질 및 영양염류가 증가하고 염분이 대체로 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이때 적조의 bloom으로 인하여 대표적인 영양염류인 질소와 인의 값이 떨어진다. 그리고 적조생물의 사후 미생물 분해 작용이 활발하여 산소의 소모가 증가하여 용존산소가 급격히 떨어지고 화학적산소요구량이 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 해양인자와의 상관성은 적조의 발생조건인 수온이 적당하며 저염분과 부유물질, 클로로필, 질소, 인이 높게 나타났고 용존산소는 적조생물의 인해 낮게 나타났음을 알수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 1995

The effects of lipoxygenase, linoleic acid, tocopherol and pH on the co-oxidation of $\beta$-carotene in the aqueous system were studied. It showed that the co-oxidation of $\beta$-carotene was noticeable at both pH 7.4 and 9.0. As the concentraitons of linoleic acid and $\beta$-carotene increased, the rate of oxidation of $\beta$-carotene tended to be increased. However, $\alpha$- and $\delta$-tocopherol retarded the co-oxidation of $\beta$-carotene. As the concentrations of tocopherols increased, $\beta$-carotene was more stabilized, generally. But low concentration of $\alpha$-tocopherol(10-4M) acted more effective antioxidant than high concentration of it(10-3M) at pH 7.4. The antioxidant effect of tocopherol greatly depended on pH ; it was outstanding at pH 7.4.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 1994

Effect of pH, calcium, sucrose, heating and mixing ratio of soy and cow milk was studied on the viscosity and the sensory characteristics of cow-soy milk. The viscosity of soymilk was significantly affected by pH with showing maximum at 6.0 and the pH effect was decreased as the ratio of cow talk increased. A addition of sucrose or calcium affected little on the viscosity and a negative linear relationship was found be tween viscosity and an increase in cow milk ratio. Sensory characteristics of grassy and beany odor and taste of soymilk were rapidly decreased and nutty flavor and total acceptability were increased during initial 30 min of boiling. A further increase in boiling affected little on tastes and odors of soymilk. The beany odor and taste linearly decreased and milk flavor Increased as the ratio of cow milk increased. The total acceptability of 50 : 50 was found to be maximum for cow and soy mixed milks.