• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.447-459
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the improvement of teachers' sanitation performance and food distribution environment at Centers for children's food service management after a sanitation education program. Methods: The subjects were 119 teachers working at child care centers registered in the Daejeon Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Dongu and Jung-gu, Daejeon. The sanitation education was provided three times from March to August in 2014, and the survey questionnaires were distributed before and after the education. The sanitation status of food service environment of the centers was examined by ATP(adenosine-5'-triphosphate) bioluminescence. Results: After the sanitation education, the teachers showed higher levels of sanitation knowledge. Also, sanitation performance and recognition level of the importance of it significantly improved after the education program. The mean variation scores of importance and performance after the education were 0.14 and 0.23. According to the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) results of 26 sanitation attributes about the food service environment, the selection attributes with relatively low performance and importance were mostly distributed in the children's and distributer's personal hygiene management area. However, all attributes except using a personal water bottle and cup were moved to high performance and importance level. Also, the ATP examination results showed that the sanitation status of the food service environment was improved after the education program. Conclusions: The sanitation education program was effective in improving the recognition of the importance of sanitation and its performance with regard to food service management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍이 3일간 금식과 6일간 감식시 체내 저장연료 이용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아본 결과, -B2군은 pair-feeding을 감식시켰음에도 불구하고 +B2군에 비해 체중이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 식이 이용효율도 낮았다. 모든 장기, 특히 간장 무게는 -B2군이 +B2군에 비해 무겁게 나타났으며, 감식과 금식시에도 -B2군의 장기무게가 가벼워졌으나 여전히 유의하게 무거웠으며 -B2군의 간장 중성 지방이 높게 나타나 지방간 증상으로 간장이 비대해진 것으로 추정된다. 혈장 포도당과 단백질 함량은 섭식, 금식 및 감식시 +B2군과 -B2군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈장 중성지방 수준은 +B2군에 비해 -B2군이 섭식시는 높은 수준을 나타냈으나 금식 및 감식시에는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 간장 중성 지방도 이와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 유리지방산 수준은 섭식시에는 +B2군과 -B2군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 금식으로 인해 +B2군은 유리지방산 수준이 증가하였고 -B2군은 오히려 감소하여 -B2군이 +B2군 보다 낮게 나타났다. 그러므로 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍으로 인해 이 유리지방산의 유리가 원활히 일어나지 않았거나, 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍으로 인해 지방산화가 저해된 것이 금식으로 지방이 에저지원으로 이용되어야만 하는 상황이 발생하여 감소된 지방산 산화가 다소 회복된 것으로 추정된다. 금식 및 감식시 +B2군에 비해 -B2군이 근육단백질 수준은 높은 경향을 나타내었고 근육 글리코겐 수준은 낮은 경향을 나타내어 -B2군이 심각한 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍으로 저지방이나 근육단백질을 이용하지 못하게 됨에 따라 근육 글리코겐을 이용한 것으로 추정된다. 이는 +B2군에 비해 -B2군의 뇨중 총질소 배설량이 적은 것으로도 재확인되었다. 그러므로 금식이나 감식시 체지방이나 체단백질을 이용하는 에너지 보충 적응기전이 일어나야 하나 비타민 $B_{2}$ 결핍상태에서는 이러한 체내 열량공급이 지장을 받게 되며, 체단백질 이용저하로 포도당 신생이 영향을 받아 장기간의 금식 또는 감식시에는 혈장 포도당 수준도 낮아질 것으로 예상된다.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate providers' perspectives on current challenges in implementing a program for prevention and management of childhood obesity and adoption of mobile phone as a potential solution of leveraging multimodal delivery and support in a school setting. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 23 elementary-school teachers, 6 pediatricians, and 6 dieticians from community health centers and analyzed using a qualitative research methodology. Results: Current challenges and potential solutions of obesity-prevention and -management program for obesity program for elementary school children were deduced as two themes each. Lack of tailored intervention due to limited recipient motivation, lack of individualized behavioral intervention, and different environmental conditions can be solvable by mobile technology-based personalized intervention which brings about interactive recipient participation, customized behavioral intervention, and ubiquitous accessibility. Lack of sustainable management due to stigmatization, limited interactions between program providers and inconsistent administrative support can be handled by multimodal support based on school setting using mobile platform providing education of health promoting behaviors toward larger scale and interactive networking between program participants, and minimizing administrative burden. Conclusions: Adoption of mobile-based health management program may overcome current limitations of child obesity program such as lack of tailored intervention and sustainable management via personalized intervention and multimodal supports although some concerns such as increased screen time need to be carefully considered in a further study.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined the salinity of soups provided at childcare centers by measuring the salinity for three years and providing basic data for sodium reduction. Methods: The soup salinity was measured using a Bluetooth salinity meter from January 2015 to December 2017 at 80 childcare foodservice establishments enrolled in the Suseong Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Daegu. Results: An analysis of the soup salinity each year showed that the salinity decreased significantly from 0.48% in 2015 to 0.41% in 2017, particularly in clear soups and soybean soups compared to other soups (P < 0.05). The salinity and sodium content in seafood soups (0.45% and 179.1 mg/100 g, respectively) were highest, followed by soybean soups (0.44%, 175.2 mg/100 g), with perilla seed soups containing the lowest (0.42%, 167.2 mg/100 g) (P < 0.05). The salinity was significantly higher in institutional foodservice establishments than small foodservice establishments (P < 0.001). The salinity and sodium content were the highest in foodservice establishments with a small number of measurements, and the salinity was the lowest in foodservice establishments with salinity measurements performed an average of 151 times each year (three times a week) or more (P < 0.05). The soup salinity was low in the order of winter, spring, summer, and autumn, and the salinity decreased significantly year by year in all seasons. (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The soup salinity was significantly lower in foodservice establishments where the salinity was measured more than three times a week, indicating that continuous salinity management is effective.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.759-769
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of the nutrition education and exercise program on body composition, dietary intakes and physical fitness in obese women. The subjects were 44 obese women (BMI${\geq}$ 25 kg/$m^2$) who had been participating in nutrition education (1 time/week) and exercise program (3 time/week) for 12 weeks. Nutrition education was focused on low energy, high protein and low carbohydrate diet to reduce the body weight and improve the diet quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, daily nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall method. Body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness test were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, body weight, BMI, percent body fat, soft lean mass and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sucrose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while HDLcholesterol was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Energy adjusted protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin and folate were significantly increased. After the intervention, the muscle endurance, muscle strength, agility, balance were significantly increased. The changes in obesity indices (body weight, BMI, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) were correlated with the changes of the nutrient intakes, serum lipid profiles, physical fitness. These results show that nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical strength and cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to provide basic data for the future development of dietary life education in elementary schools by understanding the current conditions of the program after the execution of the Dietary Life Education Support Act. We conducted a survey to understand dietary teachers' recognition of dietary life education in elementary schools. We found that teachers' recognition was low and that dietary life education in elementary schools is still carried out indirectly by focusing on nutrition knowledge. Dietary life education is carried out during lunch time and dietary life-related class hours. However teachers of lower class levels did not have any practical subject related to dietary life and responded that a lack of time devoted to dietary life education was the biggest problem with the program. Most teachers responded that dietary life education in elementary schools is necessary for the formation of students' sound dietary habits, and that the development of a system of teachers directly responsible for dietary life education is necessary. In the past, dietary life education has typically been carried out at home, but now schools are required to play a role because of family nuclearization and the increase in working couples. Therefore, to revitalize dietary life education programs in elementary schools according to the Dietary Life Education Support Act, we suggest more systematic and segmentalized studies.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.12-23
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of evidence-based enteral tube feeding (ETF) guidelines through adaptation of existing ETF guidelines. Methods: The guideline adaptation process was conducted into 24 steps according to a manual for guideline adaptation version 2.0 developed by NECA. Results: The adapted ETF nursing practice guideline was consisted of 9 domains and 20 recommendations, including confirmation of tube placement, risk of aspiration, assessment gastric residual volume, body positioning, treating feeding tube occlusion, administration rate, medication, tube flushes, and interruption of feeding. The results of the grading of recommendations assessment by expert penal showed that 8 recommendations in Grade A, 4 in grade B, and 8 in Grade C were emerged from the process. The range of content validity index scores by expert penal was 0.8-1.0. Conclusion: It is expected that the adapted ETF nursing practice guideline could be helpful for nurses to practice evidence-based ETF for their patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2006

The optimal culture conditions of Monascus purpureus MMK2 for production of red pigment were investigated in submerged culture. Monascus purpureus MMK2 showed a maximal production of red pigment in the medium containing of 3.0% wheat flour, $0.15%\;NaNO_3,\;0.25%\;Na_2HPO_4\;12H_2O$ and $0.15%\;MgSO_4\;7H_2O$. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and initial pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6.5, respectively. The red pigment production reached to a maximal level at 7th day of cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.410-422
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• 1989

Soybean protein isolates were acylated with succinic anhydride and partially hydrolyzed with trypsin. Chemical modification decreased protein contents of samples and, in amino acid composition, tyrosine was increased comparatively. And lysine was increased remarkably by partial proteolysis. Succinylation and trypsin treatment increased the aqueous solubility and shifted the isoelectric potint that showed high pH-dependence of protein solubility. Protein solubility was influenced by salt concentration such as $NaCl,\;CaCl_2,\;NaNO_3$ and $NaH_2PO_4$. Chemical modification increased the absorption of oil and water, emulsification properties and foam capacity, but decreased foam stability, ultraviolet absorbance and bulk density. Protein-protein Interaction between soybean protein isolates and beef protein increased the emulsifying activity, emulsifying activity index and foaming properties, but it didn't have any influence on emulsion stability.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.678-685
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• 2001

Although breastfeeding is recognized to be vital to the health and well-being of children and women, the rate of breastsfeeding among Korean women has continuously decreased. One barrier to breastfeeding has been identified to be associated with health care providers. Health care professionals do not give sufficient advice and encouragement, next do hospitals provide supportive environments for breastfeeding by separating infants from mothers or providing formula. The purpose of this study was to investigate prenatal breastfeeding education and infant feeding practices in public health centers and baby-friendly hospitals. A telephone survey was carried out on 57 public health centers located in the Seoul and Chungcheong areas and 13 baby-freindly hospitals from February to April in 2000. Among the public health centers, 43.8% offered periodic prenatal education for pregnant women who visited the centers. Most of them used leaflets or pamphlets developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare or UNICEF. Twenty six percent of the public health centers developed their own educational materials. All of the 13 baby-friendly hospitals gave additional fluids to infants, did not allow mothers and infants to stay together 24 hours a day, and did not foster the establishment of breatfeeding support groups among the mothers. Most of the baby-friendly hospitals gave artificial teats, did not help mothers initiate breastfeeding within a half-hour of birth. Findings indicate that current practices even in the baby-friendly hospitals are not consistent with the '10 steps to success breastfeeding'. Therefore, deliberate efforts should be made to incorporate adequate breastfeeding education into prenatal program in both public health centers and hospitals, and create environments to support breastfeeding in hospitals, even in baby-friendly hospitals.