• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.291-295
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• 1982

$^{13}C$resonances of carbonyl and various alkyl groups in amides are found to shift down-field on the interaction with lithium salts and it is shown that lithium ion binds directly to the carbonyl group in amides. The magnitudes of the $^{13}C$ chemical shifts of various amides depend not only on the size of alkyl groups in amides but also on the interaction with anion. The change of $^{13}C$chemical shift of amide in LiCl is smaller than that in$LiClO_4$ due to the difference of the charge density of the anion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of foot care education on foot pain, foot care compliance, and disability of daily living for people with rheumatoid arthritis involving the feet. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. The participants were 49 patients, including 24 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The experimental treatment was the provision of foot care education leaflets and 20-minute 1:1 explanations of the content of the leaflet. After 2 weeks, foot care compliance was confirmed by phone call. The experimental effects were assessed by measuring changes in foot pain, foot care compliance, and disability of daily living using a pre test before the foot care education and a post test, 1 month after the foot care education. Results: Foot pain and disability of daily living in the experimental group decreased more than that of the control group. Foot care compliance in experimental group increased more than that of the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that this foot care education program is an effective intervention to decrease foot pain and the disability of daily living, and increase the foot care compliance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis involving the feet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.30-38
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• 1997

고속도로변에 설치된 retention pond는 drainage system의 일부분으로 우기에 빗물의 양을 조절하고 고속도로 노면에서 운반되어 retention pond에 유입된 오염된 입자를 침전, 제거시키기 위해 설치되었다. 빗물에 입자상태로 이동된 납, 아연, 카드뮴를 제거하기 위해 설치된 retention pond의 효과를 평가하기 위해 수리지질학적 연구 및 부유퇴적물의 물리화학적 특징을 규명하기 위한 연구가 수행되었다. 부유퇴적물과 비교하기 위해 심하게 오염된 roadside soil과 오염되지 않은 background soil에 대해서도 연구가 수행되었다. 부유퇴적물의 중금속함량은 background Sologne soil에 비해 원소에 따라 2-8배 높다. 그러나, roadside soil의 중금속함량은 부유퇴적물에 비해 7-26배 높다. Sequential extraction methods를 이용하여 분석한 결과 심하게 오염된 roadside soil에 존재하는 납, 아연, 카드뮴은 대부분 쉽게 용해될 수 있는 상태 (Fraction FII, FIII)로 존재하며 반면에 규산염광물과 수반되는 금속함량의 비율은 매우 낮다. 부유퇴적물에서는 규산염광물과 수반되는 금속함량이 전체 금속함량의 1/3까지 크게 증가한다. Roadside soil 과 부유퇴적물사이의 중금속함량 차이가 매우 큰 것은 중금속의 대부분이 retention pond에 이르기 전에 고속도로변과 배수로 일부에 축적되어 모두 상실하기 때문이다.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.344-360
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• 2001

A quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of health promotion program on health of the clients with arthritis. In this study. the health promotion program consisted of self appointment and confirmation. discussion, health education. group counsel, and exercise. And the program focused on self - help group meeting. A total of 68 subjects was randomly assigned into either the control group(n = 24) or the intervention group(n =44). The results of the study analyzed using a SPSS win, were as follows: 1) In physical function of physical health. there was a significant improvement in flexibility of the shoulder joint(hold the hand upward and downward behind the back). sit and reach, extension of the knee joint in the intervention group, compared to the control group, while no difference in flexibility of the shoulder joint(raising the arm), flexion of the knee joint, and grip strength. There was a significant improvement in physical functional disability in the intervention group, compared to the control group, but no difference in fatigue and pain. 2) The health promotion program resulted in improvement in psychosocial health(e.g. increase of self-efficacy and decreases of social functional disability) in the intervention group, compared to the control group. It was concluded that the health promotion program(weekly session for 6 weeks) employed in this study was appropriate for the clients with arthritis in primary health care center and had a positive effect on health in general.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.733-736
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• 2008

In this study, we developed durability promoting chemical agent(HD) that simultaneously improved resistance for chloride attack and shrinkage of concrete. This agent as typed aqueous solution containing organic and inorganic compounds applied to concrete mix(Bx0.6%, 1.2%) of seaside construction using SLG and then evaluated the effect on the shrinkage and chloride attack of concrete. By the addition of HD, it was elucidated that resistance for chloride attack and shrinkage were improved above 50% and 33% respectively than non-added concrete(Plain). This performance was confirmed through the Field-test applied HD(Bx0.6%) such as RCD construction.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objectives : The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba ethanol (ARA-E) extract, which is the pericarp of $Atractylodes$ $japonica$ Koidz. has an effect on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods : Male DBA/1J mice were induced by intradermal injection of bovine collagen-II in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA). The CIA mice in the onset of arthritis were treated daily with oral administration of ARA-E extract at dose of 50 mg/kg/bw for 28 days. Arthritis index, histopathological changes and the levels of anti-type II collagen (CII) IgG and inflammatory cytokine, TNF-${\alpha}$ in sera of mice were measured to evaluate the antiarthritic effect of ARA-E. Results : ARA-E extract significantly decreased the arthritic scores and inhibited pathological changes of knee joint tissues in CIA mice. ARA-E extract also significantly decreased the serum levels of anti-CII IgG and TNF-${\alpha}$ in CIA mice. These results indicate that ARA-E extract may effectively prevent arthritic damages in CIA mice, at least partially, by inhibiting the production of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokine. Conclusions : This studies suggest that ARA-E has a therapeutic potential in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of stretching exercise and aquatic exercise program on flexibility, pain and quality of life (QoL) in patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: Fifty elderly women were assigned either to the stretching exercise (SEG, n=25) or to the aquatic exercise groups (AEG, n=25) after 6-week self-help education program. SEG carried out supervised stretching exercise and water exercise training program was conducted by AEG (60 min/day, 2 days/wk) for 8 weeks. Flexibility, pain, and quality of life were measured by Senior Fitness Test Manual (Rikli & Jones, 2gr5), pain rating scale (0-10) and the questionnaire by World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (Min et al., 2gr0), respectively. Results: Both SEG (all, p&H;.05) and AEG (all, p&H;.05) increased left upper and lower-body flexibility, measured by a measuring tape. Pain significantly decreased both in SEG (p=.000) and AEG (p=.004). Quality of life was significantly improved only for the SEG. Conclusion: The 8-week stretching exercise program would significantly improve flexibility, pain control and QoL in patients with osteoarthritis.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a joint health self-management program for knee osteoarthritis elders in communities. Methods: This program was developed based on the IMB (information-motivationbehavioral skills) model. The program methods include education, setting and achieving goals, sharing experiences, telephone counseling, and self-monitoring. The topics of the program include joint assessment, exercise, massage, joint protection, medication, depression management, diet, and healthcare approach. The research was conducted following the principles of the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 26 subjects in the experimental group, and 27 subjects in the control group. The experimental group participated in the self-management program, and the control group received general education. Results: Both post-test scores of personal motivation, social motivation, behavior skill, self-management behavior, joint pain, joint stiffness, physical function disability, right knee extension, left knee extension, and depression were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study can be used to develop and standardize a systematic joint health self-management program. Further research is highly recommended to develop a strategy to continuously facilitate self-management of osteoarthritis patients' procedures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BeHaS exercise program on pain, balance, and falling efficacy in elderly with osteoarthritis. Method: A convenience sample of 52 elderly people with osteoarthritis who lived in C city were recruited through the public health center. For this quasi-experimental study design, 31 of the elders were assigned to the experimental group which received the BeHaS exercise program twice week for eight weeks, and 24 were assigned for the control group (no intervention). Outcome measures were numeric pain scale, standing on one leg for balance, fall efficacy scale. Analysis was performed with SPSS version 12.0 program. Results: Pain was decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group, Balance and fall efficacy were improved significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The BeHaS exercise program can be effective in improving pain, balance, and fall efficacy in elders with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.451-457
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• 2011

Large scale fishing ground can be made by upwelling flow. Recently the fishing ground development projects, using artificial upwelling by large structure under the sea, are in progress in Japan and Korea. In this study upwelling flow is simulated with FLOW-3D model. Using the movement of marker in FLOW-3D, the method for simulating upwelling of nutrients was experimented. The results show that FLOW-3D model can evaluate upwelling effect before starting real project.