• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Curcumin plays a protective role in brain injury through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, peroxiredoxin-5 exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether curcumin modulated the peroxiredoxin-5 expression in focal cerebral ischemic animal model. Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was performed to induce cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Adult male rats were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or curcumin(50mg/kg B.W.) 1 h after MCAO and cerebral cortex tissues were collected 24 h after MCAO. Photographs of hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that MCAO induced necrotic changes with scalloped shrunken form and apoptotic changes with nuclear chromatin condensations. However, curcumin treatment attenuated MCAO-induced histopathological changes. Moreover, this study clearly showed that peroxiredoxin-5 expression was decreased in MCAO operated animal with vehicle using a proteomics approach. However, this decrease in peroxiredoxin-5 expression was attenuated by curcumin treatment. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that curcumin treatment alleviated the MCAO injury-induced decrease in peroxiredoxin-5 expression(p<0.05). These results demonstrated that curcumin regulates peroxiredoxin-5 expression in MCAO animal model. In conclusion, our findings suggest that curcumin exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia by attenuating the MCAO-induced decrease in peroxiredoxin-5 expression.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 1995

When tachyzoites (RH strain) of Toxoplasmo gondii are injected intramuscularly, experimental mice survive up to 7 days, 1-2 days longer than those infected intraperitoneally. We observed sequential histopathological changes in inguinal Iymph nodes after intramuscular injection of tachyzoites to thighs of specific pathogen free (SPF) mice. Initial findings on 1 or 3 days after the injection were reactive germinal centers, distended sinuses and epithelioid cell clusters in cortical and paracortical regions. Later on 5 days after the injection, however, effacement of nodal structure with depletion of cells and focal necrosis were observed . Necrotizing Iymphadenitis in the experimental murine toxoplasmosis suggests the causal relation between T. gondii infection and the human disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

연구 목적: 3개월 간의 잇솔질에 따른 칫솔의 마모의 정도와 양상을 관찰하고, 이를 이용한 잇솔질 시의 치태 제거능력의 변화를 평가하여 일반적으로 권장되고 있는 3개월 주기의 칫솔 교체 주기의 근거를 실제 임상적으로 확인해보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 치주적으로 건강한 치과 대학생 52명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 잇솔질 습관을 조사하고, 치석제거술을 시행하고 실험기간 동안 동일한 칫솔과 치약을 사용하게 하였다. 1주일 후와 2달과 3달째에 구강 내를 erythrosine으로 염색한 후 6개의 Ramfjord 치아의 plaque score를 측정하고, 3달 동안 사용한 칫솔을 수거하여 brushing surface area의 면적으로 마모도를 평가하였다. 결과: 6명이 탈락하였고 전체 부위의 plaque score는 1주 때와 비교하여 2,3 개월의 값이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 치간 부위의 plaque score는 3개월의 plaque score와 상관관계는 약하였다. 교체 주기, 잇솔질 횟수, 시간 등의 잇솔질 습관과 마모도의 연관성도 없었지만, 잇솔질 시간과 3개월째의 plaque score의 상관관계는 유의성 있는 결과를 보였다. 결론: 3개월 동안 사용한 칫솔의 치간 부위 치태제거 능력은 감소하였으며, 이의 임상적 영향에 대한 장기간의 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2002

본 연구는 체세포 및 체세포 핵이식란의 염색체 이상에 체세포의 계대의 영향성을 조사하고자 하였다. 한우 성축의 귀 조직으로 얻어진 세포를 공여세포를 체외성숙 후 제핵된 난자에 핵이식을 실시하였으며, 1.9kv/cm, 20$\mu\textrm{s}$/2times의 전기자극으로 융합후 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 ionomycin에서 4min, 1.9mM 6-DMAP에서 4h동안 배양함으로써 활성화를 유도하였다. 핵이식란은 CRlaa에서 4일간 배양 후 8 -cell단계에서 중기상의 유도를 위하여 상기 배양액 1ml당 0.05$\mu\textrm{g}$ colcemid에서 6-8시간 더 배양하였다. 이후, 6% Fetal bovine serum이 함유된 1% sodium citrate용액에 20분간 저장처리 후, methanol 5 : aceticacid 1 : distilled water 4로 1차, methanol 3: aceticacid 1 로 조성된 2차, methanol 4 : acetic acid 3 : distilled water 1의 3차고정액으로 1분간 재 침지시켰다. 고정 처리가 완료된 slide는 4% Giemsa용액으로 염색한 후 광학현미경 하에서 핵형 양상을 검경하였다. 체세포의 5계대에서는 684개의 spreads를 검경한 결과 염색체 수는 72%가 정상으로 60개이었고, 24%가 60개 이하였으며 4%가 60개 이상을 보였다. 10계대도 5계대와 비슷하여 71%가 정상, 26%가 60개 이하, 3%가 60개 이상이었고, 15계대에서는 55%가 정상이었고, 30%가 60개이하, 15%가 60개 이상을 보였다. 10계대 까지는 mixoploid의 비율의 변화가 없었으나 15계대에서 현저하게 늘어남을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 체외수정란과 핵이식란의 비교에서는 체외수정란은 250개의 spreads를 검경한 결과 염색체 수는 95.6%가 정상으로 60개이었고, 2.0%가 60개 이하, 2.4%가 60개 이상이었으나, 핵이식란은 204개를 검경하여 88%가 정상이었고, 4.9%가 60개이하, 7.1%가 60개 이상을 보임으로써, 핵이식란이 체외수정란에 비하여 염색체 이상의 비율이 높았다. 따라서 계대에 따라 체세포의 염색체이상의 비율이 상대적으로 증가하고, 체세포 핵이식에 따른 염색체 이상이 생길 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. (이 논문은 농림부 연구비에 의해 수행되었음)

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.439-444
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• 2014

A 5-year-old, 2.7 kg female maltese dog was presented a local veterinary clinic with one week history of hindlimb lameness associated with patellar luxation. Reduction of bilateral medial patellar luxation was operated using trochlear resection and lateral reinforcement technique. Three weeks after the surgery, the dog showed bending spine with pain in thoracic and lumbar region, continuous ataxia and intermittent convulsion. Magnetic resonance imaging scanning revealed a hyperintense mass in right frontal lobe of brain and abnormal cavitation from cervical cord to third lumbar cord. Histopathologically, neoplasm in brain composed of meningothelial cells showed loosely reticular or lace-like morphology with numerous extracellular cystic spaces of variable size and shape. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and negative for neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Irregular shaped enlarge central canal-like cavity was existed in cervical and lumbar cords. In our best knowledge, this report described the clinical findings, imaging and histopathologic characteristics of unusual intracranial microcystic meningioma with secondary syringomyelia in a dog.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.224-238
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• 1992

Hepatic fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the ultrastructural changes of fat-storing cells(Ito cells). For experimental induction of liver fibrosis, the rats were administered intraperitoneally with 0.5ml of 50% $Ccl_4$ solution per Kg body weight, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The rats were sacrified every week. The liver tissues were examined under light and eletron microscopes. And the immunohistochemical study of desmin was also performed. The results were summarized as follows : Light microscopic findings : The cellular infiltrations with inflammatory cells and Kupffer cells developed from 1 week after $Ccl_4$ injection, and were the most severe in 4 weeks. The strong immunoreactivity for desmin was also evident in 4 weeks. The centrilobular necrosis and fibrosis developed from 2 weeks after injection, and the necrosis persisted until 8 weeks. The progress of fibrosis was accompanied by decreases in cellular infiltration and reactivity for desmin, and increased gradual nodular formation was also observed. The cirrhosis was developed after 10 weeks. Electron microscopic findings : An increase in number of fat-storing cells was observed from 1 week after injection. Transitional cells characterized by a depletion of lipid droplets and a hypertrophy of the rER appeared after 2 weeks. The number of transitional cells with abundant collagen fibers in the extracellular spaces increased in 4 weeks. With progression of fibrosis the number of fat-storing cells decreased and proliferating fibroblasts with dilated rER were observed. According to these results it was revealed that there was an apparent transition from fat-storing cells to transitional cells and to fibroblasts. These cells had a few similar characteristics and may belong to the same cell population. Thus it was suggested that fat-storing cells might play an important role in hepatic fibrosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.184-205
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• 1995

Background: Pulmonary toxicity by bleomycin has multiple mechanisms including direct tissue toxicity due to oxygen-derived free radicals and indirect toxicity through amplification of pulmonary inflammation. To evaluate the effect of chelators or free radical scavenger to lung damage induced by bleomycin, penicillamine as a copper chelator, deferoxamine as an iron chelator and vitamin E as a free radical scavenger were administered. Methods: Two hundred Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, bleomycin treated, bleomycin-penicillamine treated, bleomycin-deferoxamine treated, and bleomycin-vitamin E treated groups. Rats sacrificed on day 1, day 3, day 4, day 7, day 14, and day 28 after treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage, light microscopic and immunohistologic studies for type I, III, IV collagens, fibronectin, laminin and NBD phallicidin were evaluated. Results: There was a significant increase in the total cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage on day 1 from all treated animals and vitamin treated group showed an abrupt decrease in total cell counts with decrease of neutrophils on day 3. Bleomycin-vitamin E treated group had the least histologic changes such as pulmonary fibrosis. The alveolar basement membranes were positive for type IV collegen and laminin. Basement membranes of bleomycin, bleomycin-penicillamine, or bleomycin-deferoxamine treated groups were disrupted and fragmented on day 4 or 7. The bleomycin-vitamin E treated group had intact basement membranes until day 28. Conclusion: Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was related to the severity of acute injury to oxygen radicals or activation of neutrophils and disruption of basement membrane. Vitamin E seemed to be the most effective antioxidant in the inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.915-929
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• 2019

This study attempted to investigate the effects of natural henna-treated permanent wave on degree of damage and morphological changes of hair. For this, amino acid was analyzed, and hair thickness and surface were observed through SEM. In addition, hair curl formation & retention, methylene blue coloring, tensile strength and elongation were measured. The results found the followings: Total amino acid contents rose as the number of natural henna treatment increased, hair protection effects are expected. In terms of curl formation, in an experimental group hair became more elastic as the number of natural henna treatment increased, compared to a control group. In both control and experimental groups, hair retention decreased as shampooing frequency increased because of extension of (C) and (C)', According to analysis of hair thickness using SEM, hair became thick in an experimental group after natural henna treatment, compared to a control group. In morphological observation of hair surface, it was mostly clean, and cuticle was tidy and healthy. In methylene blue coloring, as the number of natural henna treatment increased, absorbance went up. In addition, tensile strength declined in an experimental group, compared to a control group. As the number of natural henna treatment increased, elongation in an experimental group increased, compared to a control group. The above results show that as the number of natural henna treatment increased, hair became thicker, and curl formation and retention improved. In addition, hair elasticity and flexibility were enhanced, reducing a risk of hair damage. Therefore, the study results would be available as basic data in reducing scalp and hair damage, proposing the natural henna treatment as a method to reduce hair damage from chemical perm in cosmetology industry.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for tracking intravenously injected superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in an acute renal failure (ARF) rat model. Materials and Methods: HUVECs were labeled with SPIO and poly-L-lysine (PLL) complex. Relaxation rates at 1.5-T MR, cell viability, and labeling stability were assessed. HUVECs were injected into the tail vein of ARF rats (labeled cells in 10 rats, unlabeled cells in 2 rats). Follow-up serial $T2^*$-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging was performed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after injection, and the MR findings were compared with histologic findings. Results: There was an average of $98.4{\pm}2.4%$ Prussian blue stain-positive cells after labeling with SPIOPLL complex. Relaxation rates ($R2^*$) of all cultured HUVECs at day 3 and 5 were not markedly decreased compared with that at day 1. The stability of SPIO in HUVECs was maintained during the proliferation of HUVECs in culture media. In the presence of left unilateral renal artery ischemia, $T2^*$-weighted MR imaging performed 1 day after the intravenous injection of labeled HUVECs revealed a significant signal intensity (SI) loss exclusively in the left renal outer medulla regions, but not in the right kidney. The MR imaging findings at days 3, 5 and 7 after intravenous injection of HUVECs showed a SI loss in the outer medulla regions of the ischemically injured kidney, but the SI progressively recovered with time and the right kidney did not have a significant change in SI in the same period. Upon histologic analysis, the SI loss on MR images was correspondent to the presence of Prussian blue stained cells, primarily in the renal outer medulla. Conclusion: MR imaging appears to be useful for in vivo monitoring of intravenously injected SPIO-labeled HUVECs in an ischemically injured rat kidney.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2000

부유부상 공정은 현재 신문고지와 사무용 고지의 탈묵을 통한 신문용지 및 화장지 제조 에 널리 사용되고 있는 고지재활용을 위한 핵심공정이다. 하지만 이들 공정은 갈수록 열악 해지는 국내 고지원료의 품질변화에 따라서 잉크 및 토너의 분리효율이 저하되고 있어 생산 되는 탈묵 펄프의 품질저하, 리젝트 발생량의 증대, 폐수 처리공정의 부하 증가 등 다양한 문제점을 발생시키고 있어 이에 대한 대책의 수립이 시급히 요청되고 있다. 현재와 같이 다양한 형태의 잉크 및 인쇄방식으로 인쇄된 많은 종류의 재활용지가 원료 로 투입되고 있는 경우 탈묵공정의 효율 향상을 위해서는 부유부상 공정에 대한 좀 더 체계 적이고 논리적인 접근이 필요하다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 먼저 고지 재활용 공정 의 핵심 단위공정인 부유부상 공정에 관련된 복잡한 문제점을 단순화하여 고상 및 액상의 표면화학적 특성을 평가하고, 이에 따른 부유부상 공정의 효율을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 부유부상 공정을 기초과학적 측면에서 구명하기 위해 마이크로 크리스탈린 셀룰로오스(Microcrystalline cellulose: MCC)를 모델 물질로 사용하였고, 친수성 의 표면 특 성을 나타내는 MCC의 표면 특성을 바꾸기 위하여 AKD(alkyl ketene dimer)로 처리비율을 달리하여 사이징 처리하였다. 부유부상 실험에 사용된 MCC는 친수성을 띠는 것과 소수성 을 부여한 것을 구별하고 그 비율을 백색도를 통해 측정하기 위하여 자체적으로 친수성을 가지는 MCC는 세척 견뢰도가 높은 검은색 염료로 염색하였다. 준비된 친수성과 소수성 M MCC의 혼합비율 별로 패드를 작성하여 백색도를 측정함으로써 검량선을 작성하였다. 또한 부유부상 시간에 따른 제거효율을 알아보기 위하여 부유부상 시간별로 각각의 리젝트율과 수율올 측정하고, 리젝트 시료로부터 패드를 제조하여 백색도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 소수성 MCC의 소수화 정도에 따라서 리젝트율이 증가하였으며, 이를 통해 표 면에 소수성을 띠는 입자는 소수성이 강할수록 부유부상공정에서 제거율이 증가한다는 것을 확인하였다. 부유부상 처리한 MCC로 패드를 제조한 뒤 백색도를 비교한 결과에서도 이를 확인하였다. 한편 리젝트로 함께 제거된 MCC 내에 존재하는 친수성 MCC의 양은 극히 미 세하였다. 또한 부유부상를 실시하는 초기에 상당량의 리젝트가 발생함을 확인하였는데, 이 는 전체 부유부상을 통해 제거되는 양의 45-68%였다. 한편 부유부상이 진행됨에 따라서 리젝트 양의 증가폭이 둔화되는 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 경향은 MCC의 소수성이 강할 수록 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이를 통해 계 내로부터 소수성인 물질이 급속하게 제거됨을 알 수 있었으며 필요 이상의 부유부상 처리는 잉크제거 효율을 높일 수는 있으나 소모되는 시간에 비하여 비효과적임을 알 수 있었다.