• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.471-477
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• 2004

Exposure to elevated temperatures, chemical (active oxigen), or physical stress (UV light) induces immediate physiological response, the expression of heat shock proteins in cells. Thus, cells with elevated Heat Shock Protein levels become more tolerant to stress conditions that are otherwise lethal. First, we studied on the new function of glucuronic acid (GA) as preventive material of skin aging. The application of the GA shows significant induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa (HSP 70 kDa) in contrast to cells without it. GA at the concentration which can induce HSP 70 kDa, protects the cell death induced by second stress (heat shock and hydrogen peroxide) in NIH3T3 cells. Second, we studied on in vitro transdermal permeation characteristic of GA through the excised mouse skin. In this study, we compared the skin permeability of GA in water with O/W emulsion. As a result, skin permeation parameters of GA shows lag time 1.2 h, partition coefficient 0.114, permeation flult rate $0.83114 mg/cm^2/h.$ In case of lag time, O/W emulsion containing GA increase 2.48 h. Also, the total accumulation permeation content decreased in contrast to GA solution after 24 h. But it has long-term permeability of glucuronic acid. These results suggest that glucuronic acid could be a good cosmetic active ingredient.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1036-1045
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• 2023

Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the insidious loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, represents a significant and growing healthcare challenge, impacting the mobility and quality of life of aging populations worldwide. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of soybean leaf extract (SL) for dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in an in vivo model. In vitro experiments showed that SL significantly alleviated Dexa-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotube cells, as evidenced by preserved myotube morphology, density, and size. Moreover, SL treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), key factors regulating muscle atrophy. In a Dexa-induced atrophy mouse model, SL administration significantly inhibited Dexa-induced weight loss and muscle wasting, preserving the mass of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. Furthermore, mice treated with SL exhibited significant improvements in muscle function compared to their counterparts suffering from Dexa-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by a notable increase in grip strength and extended endurance on treadmill tests. Moreover, SL suppressed the expression of muscle atrophy-related proteins in skeletal muscle, highlighting its protective role against Dexa-induced muscle atrophy. These results suggest that SL has potential as a natural treatment for muscle-wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate basic seed characteristics such as morphological characteristics and various seed vigor using 4 sorghum varieties, Nampungchal, Donganme, Hwanggeumchal and Whinchal. No difference was shown in morphological characteristics of the varieties except that the width. Whinchal has bulb-shaped seed, while the other varieties have oval-shaped seeds. The seed coat color of Whinchal is obviously different from those of the other varieties; especially, Nampungchal and Hwanggeumchal are not glossy. Germination rate were Hwanggeumchal > Nampungchal > Donganme > Whinchal in the order of higher rate in standard germination tests and cold germination test. In the ageing test, Donganme showed the lowest 15% decrease in comparison with the standard cultivar. Electric conductivity (EC) has negative correlation with standard germination tests, cold germination test and accelerated ageing test. In the percentage of emergence (PE), Hwanggeumchal was the highest 85.7% which was more than 40% to the lowest Whinchal. Mean emergence time (MET) showed significant difference between the varieties; Whinchal showed the slowest 6.0 days.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.776-788
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• 2012

Octa[8-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxy}]octyl and octa[8-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxycarbonyl}]heptanoated disaccharide derivatives were synthesized by reacting cellobiose, maltose, and lactose with 1-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo) phenoxy}octylbromide or 1-{4-(4'-cyanophenylazo)phenoxycarbonyl}]heptanoyl chloride, and their thermotropic liquid crystalline and photochemical phase transition behavior were investigated. All the {(cyanophenylazo)phenoxy} octyl disaccharide ethers (CADETs) formed monotropic nematic (N) phases, whereas all the {(cyanophenylazo) phenoxycarbonyl}heptanoated disaccharide esters (CADESs) exhibited enantiotropic N phases. Compared with CADETs, CADESs showed higher isotropic (I)-to-N phase transition temperatures. Photoirradiation of the disaccharide derivatives in a glass cell or in a cell with a rubbed polyimide (PI) alignment layer at a N phase resulted in disappearance of the N phase due to trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene, and the initial N phase was recovered when the irradiated sample was kept in the dark because of cis-trans thermal isomerization and reorientation of trans-azobenzenes. The rates of the photochemical N-I and the thermal I-N phase transition of disaccharide derivatives in a cell with a rubbed PI alignment layer were faster than those in a glass cell, and were significantly different from those observed for the monomesogenic compounds containing cyanoazobenzene and the 4-{4'-(cyanophenylazo)phenoxy}octyl glucose and cellulose ethers. The results were discussed in terms of difference in cooperative motion of azobenzene groups due to the flexibility of the main chain, the number of mesogenic units per repeating units, and the distance between the azobenzene groups.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.401-418
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• 1995

Aging process can be explained by many factors. In this study, we counted complete Blood Cells (CBC) such as WBC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes, RBC, HGB, and HCT of both SAM P6 and SAM P1 during the aging process. Plasma albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, urea concentrations were also measured at the same time. In addition to these, plasma concentrations of cortisol, total T3, and total T4 were analyzed by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. There were no change in CBC counts of SAM R1 and SAM P6 during this study. Plasma concentratins of albumin and glucose decreased significantly in SAM R1. However, plasma alkaline phosphatases and creatinine concentration in SAM P6 decreased significantly at 16 week after birth comparing to the control. Total T4 levels were siginificantly increased although cortisol and total T3 concentrations were the same in SAM R1 groups. Especially, the after birth of creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, T4 of SAM P6 at 16 week were significantly different form those of SAM R1. At 12 week after birth, pilose antler extract was given 5g/kg/day p.o. for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days each in both SAM R1 and SAM P6. The RBC, HGB, and HCT levels started to increase significantly from 7 days after the dose at SAM P6 only. Total T4 conectrations were elevated gradually during the study although the antler extract administration did not prevent or inhibit the increase in total T4 concentration during the study. Therefore, the elevation of erythrocytes after administration of the extract needs to be studied in future.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2008

The thermal and optical properties of cellulose tri(cholesteryloxy) carbonate(CCE0) and cellulose tri(cholesteryloxycarbonyl)alkanoates (CCEn, n=$2{\sim}8$, 10, the number of methylene units in the spacer) were investigated. CCE0 formed an enantiotropic cholesteric phase, whereas all the CCEn exhibited monotropic cholesteric phases. CCEn with n=$3{\sim}8$ formed cholesteric phases with left-handed helical structures whose optical pitches (${\lambda}_m's$) decrease with increasing temperature. On the other hand, CCE0 and CCEn with n=2 or 10 did not display reflection colors over the full cholesteric range, suggesting that the helical twisting power of the cholesteryl group highly depends on the length of the spacer connecting the cholesteryl group to the main chain. The thermal stability and degree of order in the mesophase and the temperature dependence of the ${\lambda}_m$ observed for CCEn highly depended on n. The results were discussed in terms of the differences in the internal plasticization, the arrangement of the side groups, and the conformation of the molecules.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.670-680
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• 1994

The thermophysical properties of Non-Newtonian fluid as the function of the temperature and the concentration are needed in many rheological heat transfer and fluid mechanics problems. The present work investigated the effects of the concentration and the temperature on the thermophysical properties of purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluids such as the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, density, zero-shear-rate viscosity, and zero-shear-rate dynamic viscosity within the experimental temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. The densities of the test fluids were determined as the function of the temperature by utilizing a reference density and the least square equation for the measured isobaric thermal expansion coefficient. As the concentration of purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluid was increased up to 10,000 wppm, the densities were proportionally increased up to 0.4%. The zero-shear-rate viscosities of test fluids were measured before and after the measurements of the first thermal expansion coefficients and the densities of Non-Newtonian fluid. Even though they were changed up to approximately 22% due to thermal aging and cycling, they had no effects on the thermal expansion coefficients and the densities of Non-Newtonian fluid. The zero-shear-rate dynamic viscosities for purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluids were compared with the values for distilled water. They showed the similar trend with the zero-shear-rate viscosities due to small differences in the densities for both distilled water and purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluid.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was applied to steamed bread added with black rice in 10%. In terms of storage stability, the steamed bread was found to be susceptible to microbial spoilage and could be helped in its preservation and shelf life extension by MAP. According to microbial and sensory quality criteria, the product shelf life was determined as < 5 days for air package, 5 days for 100% $N_2$ package, 8 days for package of 60% $CO_2$/40% $N_2$, and 15 days for 100% $CO_2$ package. Even though MAP condition with $CO_2$ inclusion was effective in extending the shelf life based on microbial quality, it did not affect the staling of the bread.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1585-1590
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• 2012

Engineering plastics are used in instrument panels, interior trim, and other vehicle applications, and the thermomechanical behaviors of plastic materials are strongly influenced by many environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight, and rain. As the material properties change, the mechanical parts create unexpected noise. In this study, the dynamic mechanical property changes of plastics used in automobiles are measured to investigate the temperature effects. Viscoelastic properties such as the glass transition temperature and storage modulus and loss factor under temperature and frequency sweeps were measured. The data were compared with the original ones before aging to analyze the behavior changes. It was found that as the temperature increased, the storage modulus decreased and the loss factor increased slightly.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

Low molecular weight polybutadiene (liquid BR) improves the filler dispersion in a silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compound. In the present work, influence of molecular weight or the liquid BR on properties of a silica-filled SBR compound was studied. Minimum and maximum torques in the rheocurve for the compound containing the liquid BR with higher molecular weight (HLBR) are lower than those for the compound containing the liquid BR with lower one (LLBR) while the delta torques are nearly the same. Mooney scorch time of the compound containing HLBR is faster than that of the compound containing LLBR. Modulus or the compound containing HLBR is lower than that of the compound containing LLBR while tensile strength of the former is higher than that of the latter. The elongation at break of the former is also longer than that of the latter. Stability for the thermal aging at $90^{\circ}C$ for 3 days is less favorable for the former than for the latter.