• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2007

To prevent the damage of glass lens molds and deterioration of glass lenses using in progressive GMP process, a thermal stress and a deformation of the glass lens molds at forming temperature should be considered in the design step. In this study, as a fundamental study to develop a multi cavity mold used in an aspheric glass lens molding, a heat transfer and a thermal stress analysis were carried out for the case of one cavity glass lens mold used in progressive GMP process. Finally, using analysis results, we estimated the thermal stress in a glass lens mold and predicted a modified height of guide ring that determines the forming height of a glass lens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

A numerical simulation is attempted for the regenerative cooling heat transfer processes of the liquid propellant rocket engine. The heat transfer from the combustion gases to the thrust chamber wall is called gas side heat transfer. This heat is conducted radially to the coolant through the carbon deposit and metallic wall of thrust chamber Finally, this heat is convected away by the coolant flowing along the passages in the thrust chamber. The equivalence of these three heat fluxes of the above processes is utilized to determine the coolant side wall temperature, gas side wall temperature and the heat flux. When the number and shape(width, height) of coolant passages, the shape(size) of thrust chamber, oxidant and fuel properties, coolant properties, oxidant/fuel mixture ratio, coolant inlet temperature, the thickness of carbon deposit formed along the thrust chamber wall during combustion are given, reasonable radial direction temperature distributions and heat fluxes along the thrust chamber axis are obtained.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.420-428
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• 1995

현재 사용하고 있는 액화천연가스 기화기는 관내부로 -162$^{\circ}C$의 액화가스가 흐르고, 관외부로 발전소 증기응축기 출구에서 배출된 20~3$0^{\circ}C$의 해수를 흐르도록 하여, 두 유체사이의 온도차로 기화시키는 간접접촉방식 열교환기가 사용되고 있다. 그러나 간접접촉방식 열교환기는 두 유체사이의 큰 온도차로 인한 금속재료의 피로현상과 해수의 염분에 의한 재질의 부식 및 미생물 부착 등의 원인으로 열전달효율이 저하되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 관을 중간매체로 하는 간접접촉식 열교환기대신 액화천연가스와 기화용수인 물을 직접접촉시키는 방법으로 이용하여, 위와 같은 문제점들을 근본적으로 해결하려 한다. 본 실험에서는 기화기내의 수위 500 mm와 물의 유량 10 l/min을 일정하게 고정시키고, 액화천연가스의 유량 0.12 ㅣ/min, 0.36 l/min, 0.6 l/min, 기화기내의 압력을 100 kPa, 300 kPa, 500kPa로 변화시키면서 기화기내의 기포, 온도분포, 급팽창현상, 동결현상 및 기화후 수분함유량등의 비등특성을 규명하였다. 실험결과 기화기내의 압력이 증가할수록 기포는 작고 균일한 분포를 이루고, 폭발적인 급팽창현상은 일어나지 않았다. 또한 동결현상은 액화천연가스의 기화를 방지하지 못하였으며, 기화된 천연가스내의 수분함유량 몰%는 압력과 유량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.717-724
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• 2013

Urea-SCR technology is known as one of the powerful NOx reduction systems for vehicles as well as stationary applications. For its consistent and reliable operation in vehicle applications, however, the freezing and melting of the urea solution in cold environments have to be resolved. In this study, therefore, a numerical study of three-dimensional unsteady problems was analyzed to understand the urea freezing and heating phenomena and heat transfer characteristics in terms of urea liquid volume fraction, temperature profiles, and phase change behavior in urea solutions with time by using the commercial software Fluent 6.3. As a result, it was found that the freezing phenomenon proceeds with a phase change from the tank wall to the center, whereas the melting phenomenon occurs faster in the upper part of the storage tank by natural convection and in the adjacent part of the coolant pipe than in other parts. Furthermore, approximately 190 s were required to obtain 1L of urea solution using a 4-coiled coolant heater under conditions of $70^{\circ}C$ and 200 L/h.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.693-698
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• 2017

The 18650 battery cell is known to be reliable and cost effective, but it has a design limitation and low electric capacity compared to pouch-type cells. Because its economy is superior, an 18650-cell-type battery pack is chosen. A reliable temperature is very important in automobile battery packs. Therefore, in this study, the temperature stability of the battery pack is predicted using CFD simulation. Following 3C discharge tests, the results for the heat generation of the battery cell are compared to the simulation results. Based on these results, a natural convection condition, forced convection condition, direct cell-cooling condition, cooling condition on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack, and cooling condition using air channels are all simulated. The results indicate that the efficiency and the performance of the air-channel-type cooling system is good.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

A Urea-SCR(Selective Catalytic Reactor) system, which converts nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water in the presence of a reducing agent, creates a major exhaust gas aftertreatment system for NOx reduction among other compounds. With regard to vehicle applications, a urea solution was chosen based on its eutectic composition of a 32.5wt% urea-water solution. An important advantage of this eutectic composition is that its melting point of $-11.7^{\circ}C$ is sufficiently low to avoid solidification in cold environments. However, the storage tanks must be heated separately in case of low ambient temperature levels to ensure a sufficient amount of liquid is available during scheduled start ups. In this study, therefore, a numerical investigation of three-dimensional unsteady heating problems analyzed to understand the melting processes and heat transfer characteristics including liquid volume fraction, temperature distributions, and temperature profiles. The investigations were performed using Fluent 6.3 commercial software that modeled coolant and electric heater models based on a urea solution. It is shown that the melting performance with the electric heater is higher than a coolant heater and is more efficient.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.82-87
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• 2014

MLI(Multi-layer Insulation) is widely used to get highly insulating on cryogenic system in order to reduce heat loads. MLI for satellites thermal performance is changed by materials and laminated method. In this study, a composite multilayer insulation by application of heat stroage tank performance were compared with materials and laminated to change the way. Experimental methods of the KS C 9805 was used, the composite multilayer insulation and EPS was compared with the insulation performance. A method for analysis of experimental results is the equivalent thickness about CMI and the insulation performance were used to compare thermal conductance. As a results, the equivalnet thickenss and the thermal conductance of the composite multilayer insulation were smaller than the EPS and the thermal performance are more excellent. In addition, the configuration of the composite multilayer insulation materials and laminated method varies depending on the overall heat transfer coefficient was confirmed.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.196-202
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• 2005

In cryogenic feeding system of turbo pump fed liquid-propulsion rocket, rise of cryogenic propellant temperature can bring into geysering in pipe or cavitation in turbo pump. In this paper, performance analysis of recirculation line which is one of the method to inhibit these phenomenon is carried out based on the configuration of KSLV-I 1st stage LOX feeding system, and parametric study to find design parameter. Diameter and re-entrance height, initial LOX temperature, ullage pressure, and natural convection heat transfer coefficient are varied to see the effects on performance. Additional He is injected into recirculation line to promote LOX recirculation. 1-dimensional analysis using network-solver, SINDA/FLUINT is carried out.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Urea-SCR system is the selective catalytic reduction to reduce nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) emitted from diesel vehicles. The objective of this study is numerical analysis of 3-dimensional unsteady melting problems of frozen urea by using an electric heater. It can be applied to determine capacity of power with respect to time and the location of the urea suction pipe in urea storage tank. The study includes the change of liquid volume fraction, temperature profiles and a influence of natural convection by using the commercial software STAR-CCM+(v7.06). The accuracy of the numerical analysis is estimated by comparisons with experimental data. After validation, a numerical analysis for freezing urea is conducted with four different heating power. From the results, it was found that relation of velocity of phase interface and amount of melting urea by increasing heating power in a container. There is also a difference in trend between velocity of phase interface and amounts of melting urea because of effect of natural convection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.675-676
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• 2011

To improve efficiency and allowable life of gas turbine, the proper cooling techniques are needed. It is required not only the basic research of variable cooling techniques but also analysis of real operating conditions when design the cooling system. From this analytical results, we can predict the thermal stress and allowable life. This design process is thermal design techniques that is the most foundational design techniques to improve the efficiency of gas turbine.