• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.64.1-64.1
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• 2011

LCD 디스플레이 등에 사용되는 글래스 패널 위에 bare si die를 직접 실장하는 COG 플립칩 패키지의 경우 Au 범프와 ITO 패드 간의 전기적 접속 및 접합부 신뢰성 확보를 위해 접속소재로서 ACF (anisotropic conductive film)가 사용되고 있다. 그러나 ACF는 고가이고 접속피치 미세화에 따라 브릿지 형상에 의한 쇼트 등의 문제가 발행할 수 있어 NCP (non-conductive paste)의 상용화가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 NCP를 적용한 COG 패키지에 있어서 온도, 압력 등의 열압착 본딩 조건과 NCP 물성이 Au-ITO 접합부의 전기적 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. NCP는 에폭시 레진과 경화제, 촉매제를 사용하여 다양하게 포뮬레이션을 하였고 DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DEA (Dielectric Analysis) 등의 열분석장비를 이용하여 NCP의 물성과 경화 거동을 확인하였다. 테스트 베드는 면적 $5.2{\times}7.2\;mm^2$, 두께 650 ${\mu}m$, 접속피치 200 ${\mu}m$의 Au범프가 형성된 플립칩 실리콘 다이와 접속패드가 ITO로 finish된 글래스 기판을 사용하였다. 글래스 기판과 실리콘 칩은 본딩 전 PVA Tepla사의 Microwave 플라즈마 장비로 Ar, $O_2$ 플라즈마 처리를 하였으며, Panasonic FCB-3 플립칩 본더를 사용하여 본딩하였다. 본딩 후 접합면의 보이드를 평가하고 die 전단강도로 접합강도를 측정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.932-937
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• 2012

In the presented study, SM45C carbon steel parts were joined by friction welding. The welding process was carried out under optimized conditions using statistical approach. The study of SM45C is conducted with various combinations of process parameters. Parameter optimization, microstructure and mechanical property correlation are the major contribution of the study. The welded joints were produced by varying spindle revolution speed, friction pressure, upset pressure and burn-off length. Tension tests were applied to welded parts to obtain the strength of the joints. Fracturs properties were additionally obtained experimentally under fluctuated tensile loads. Microstructures using microphotographs were examined in the weld interface and weld region and heat affected zone and base metal and flash zone of welded parts. Finally, Hardness variations in welding zone and base metal were also obtained. Through these tests, the optimum conditions of parameters for ${\phi}20$ SM45C in friction welding were obtained when the friction spindle revolution was 1,950 rpm, the friction pressures was 30 MPs, upset pressures was 50 MPs.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.120-126
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• 1987

In this paper, the optimizing investigation of characteristics of underwater welding by a gravity type arc welding process is experimentally carried out by using the .phi. 4mm ilmenite type of domestic coated welding electrodes for welding the domestic marine structural steel plates of 8mm thickness in order to develop the underwater welding techniques in practical use, resulting in the quantitative analysis possibility for the relationship between the mechanical propernical properties of underwater welded joint HAZ and the welding heat input.

• Plant Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

In this study, by varying flow patterns, which is one of the hydraulic factors of FAC, a strategy to reduce pipe wall thinning by mass transfer has been investigated. A similarity between heat transfer and mass transfer was verified via theoretical analysis, and local convective heat transfer coefficients were analyzed using a commercial numerical analysis program. When ribs were installed inside and outside of the internal surface in the straight section of the pipe, the maximum local heat transfer coefficient was shown to decrease substantially by up to 24.9% compared to the basic flow depending on the position and shape of ribs. If a guide vein was inserted in the pipe elbow, the maximum local heat transfer coefficient decreased by up to 26.7% compared to the basic flow depending on the internal surface area of the pipe by the guide vein.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 1997

폭발용접은 화약의 폭발에 의한 충격 에너지를 이용하여 금속을 접합시키는 방법으로서 화약의 폭발에 의해 생기는 순간적인 높은 에너지를 이용하는 접합법이다. 1944년에 처음으로 폭발용접의 기술적, 상업적인 이점으로 인해 수요가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 적용 예는 거대한 판재의 cladding을 포함하여 cladding nozzle, tube 와 tubeplate의 접합, pipe와 pipe의 접합등에 사용되고 있다. 종래의 용접법으로는 용접이 곤란하거나 불가능한 것으로 생각되었던 이종금속에 대해서는 적용이 가능하 고, 용접에 의한 열영향을 받지 않으며 용접 속도가 대단히 빠르다는 잇점이 있다. 또한 용접의 차이가 커서 접합이 곤란한 금속을 폭발용접하면 이음부는 충분한 강도를 가지면서 용이하게 접합할 수 있는 것이 큰 특징이다. 대부분의 금속은 폭발용접이 가능하지만 폭발의 충격에 의해서 균열이 발생되기 쉽고 주철과 같이 취약한 금속 및 Mg을 함유한 알루미늄 합금(순 알루미늄과는 접합 가능함)등은 이 용접법을 사용하기 는 곤란하다. 시공상의 특징으로는 특별한 기계 장치가 필요하지 않고 모재가 판재 혹은 파이프상이면 모재 두께에 제한 받지 않고, 어떠한 형태와도 가능하기 때문에 다품종, 소량생산이 가능하다. 한편 접합시에 화약을 사용하기 때문에 취급에 있어서 주의를 요하고 큰 폭발음 때문에 용접장소의 제한을 받는다는 것이다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

The influence of thermo-mechanical cycling on the microstructure and strength in the weld coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of Ti-Nb added low carbon HSLA steel was explored through Vickers hardness tests, nanoindentation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Undeformed and deformed CGHAZs were simulated using Gleeble simulator with different heat inputs of 30kJ/cm and 300kJ/cm. At high heat input of 300kJ/cm, the CGHAZ consisted of ferrite and pearlite and then their grain sizes were not affected by deformation. At low heat input of 30kJ/cm, the CGHAZ consisted of lath martensite and then the sizes of prior austenite grain, packet and lath width decreased with deformation. In addition, the fraction of particle increased with deformation and this is because the precipitation kinetics was accelerated by deformation. Meanwhile, the Vickers and nanoindentation hardness of deformed CGHAZ with 30kJ/cm heat input were higher than those of undeformed CGHAZ, which are due to the effect of grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.828-836
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• 1987

The inclusion of thermophoresis in particle deposition studies has often been treated separately from deposition due to flow characteristics. Also previously reported experimental results on thermophoresis have been studied in the regions of relatively small temperature gradients. In this study, using real-time laser light reflectivity method, we measured the angular dependence of the deposition rates of particles of the cylindrical collector surface, which immerged in laminar flow of a hot gas suspension of small particles. And we extended the previous narrowband results of thermophoretic deposition rates to the regions of large temperature gradients between the hot gas stream and the collector surface. Based on the obtained data, the cylinder's forward stagnation-point region is considerably enriched in particle 'phase' density owing to the compressibility effect, which leads to locally enhanced deposition while the downstream region from the stagnation point inertial force acts in the opposite direction, which tends to centrifuge particles away from the wall, thus the local deposition rates by thermophoresis are reduced.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.24-37
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• 2024

Due to the thin nature of semiconductor packages, even minor thermal loads can cause significant warpage, impacting product reliability through issues like delamination or cracking. The mold curing process, which encloses the package to protect the semiconductor chip, is particularly challenging to predict due to the complex thermal, chemical, and mechanical interactions. This study proposes a cost-effective machine learning model to predict warpage in the mold curing process. We developed methods to characterize the curing degree based on time and temperature and quantify the material's mechanical properties accordingly. A Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation model was created by integrating these properties into ABAQUS UMAT to predict warpage for various design factors. Additionally, a Warpage formula was developed to estimate local warpage based on the package's stacking structure. This formula combines bending theory with thermo-chemical-mechanical properties and was validated through FEM simulation results. The study presents a method to construct a machine learning model for warpage prediction using this formula and proposes a cost-effective approach for building a training dataset by analyzing input variables and design factors. This methodology achieves over 98% prediction accuracy and reduces simulation time by 96.5%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

A spacer grid which is one of the most important structural components in a pressurized water reactor fuel is an interconnected array of slotted grid straps, welded at the intersections to form an egg-crate structure. The spacer grid is required to not only protect fuel rods stably but also have sufficient lateral crush strength for the sake of enabling shut-down of the nuclear reactor during abnormal operating environments. Then, the lateral crush strength of the spacer grid is closely related with welding quality of the spacer grid. Previous research on the crush strength analysis of the spacer grid had been performed using only parent material properties. In this study, to investigate the effect on the crush strength of the spacer grid when used mechanical properties in weld zone instead of parent material properties, crush strength analysis considering mechanical properties in weld zone obtained from the instrumented indentation technique was performed and compared the results with the previous research.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.4 s.247
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• pp.402-408
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• 2006

Dissimilar friction welding were produced using 15(mm) diameter solid bar in chrome molybedenum steel(KS SCM440) to carbon steel(KS S45C) to investigate their mechanical properties. The main friction welding parameters were selected to endure good quality welds on the basis of visual examination, tensile tests, Vickers hardness surveys of the bond of area and H.A.Z and microstructure investigations. The specimens were tested as-welded and post-weld heat treated(PWHT). The tensile strength of the friction welded steel bars was increased up to 100% of the S45C base metal under the condition of all heating time. Optimal welding conditions were n=2,000(rpm), $P_1=60(MPa),\;P_2=100(MPa),\;t_1=4(s),\;t_2=5(s)$ when the total upset length is 5.4 and 5.7(mm), respectively. The peak of hardness distribution of the friction welded joints can be eliminated by PWHT. Two different kinds of materials are strongly mixed to show a well-combined structure of macro-particles without any molten material and particle growth or any defects.