• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3 s.18
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2004

The metal forming behavior of Ti-6Al-4V tube during hot backward extrusion was investigated with various forming stabilities or instabilities criteria. that is, Ziegler's instability criterion, dynamic materials model(DMM) stability criteria and Rao's instability criterion. These approaches also were coupled to the internal variables generated from FE simulation. In order to validate the reliabilities of three criteria, hot backward extrusions for Ti-6Al-4V tube making were carried out with different backward extrusion designs. The useful model for predicting the forming defects was suggested through the comparison between experimental observations and simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2002

The use of ceramic inserts in hot extrusion dies offers significant technical and economic advantages over other forms of manufacture. In this paper, process simulation and stress analysis are thus combined during the design, and a data exchange program has been developed that enables optimal design of the dies taking into account the elastic deflections generated in shrink fitting the die inserts and that caused by the stresses generated in the process. The shrink fit analysis has been performed that enables optimal design of the dies taking into account the elastic deflections which generated in shrink fitting the die inserts and that caused by the stresses generated in the process and by using DEFORM software for process analysis. This data can be processed as load input data for a finite element die-stress analysis. Process simulation and stress analysis are thus combined during the die design. The stress analysis of the dies is used to determine the stress conditions on the ceramic insert by considering contact and interference effects under both mechanical and thermal loads. The results are compared with the experimental ones for verification.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.6 no.11
• /
• pp.1136-1145
• /
• 1996

Ai-8wt.5(Ti+Zr)합금을 기계적합금화와 열간압출로 제조하여 Ti에 대한 Zr 첨가비와 등온열처리가 고온인장강도 및 변형거동에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. Ti에 대한 Zr 첨가량의 비가 증가함에 따라 열간압출 시편의 상온 및 고온강도가 증가하였고, 40$0^{\circ}C$ 및 51$0^{\circ}C$에서 등온열처리에 따른 강도의 감소도 작게 나타났다. 이는 Zr 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 AI 기지와 AI3Ti에 비해 작은 격자간불일치도를 갖는 AI3(Ti+Zr)금속간화합물이 생성되고 고온열처리에 따른 조대화가 억제되었기 때문으로 판단되었다. 합금의 연성은 Zr 첨가량과 등온열처리에 관계없이 10% 이하로 낮게 나타났으며 인장 시험 온도가 고온일수록 취성파괴인 입계파괴가 지배적으로 일어났다. AI-Ti-Zr 합금의 변형에 필요한 활성화에너지는 순수한 AI 기지의 자기확산에 필요한 활성화에너지 142KJ/mol에 비해 573-783K 온도범위에서 1.5-1.8배 높은 값을 보였으며, Ti에 대한 Zr의 첨가량의 비가 증가할수록 보다 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.9 s.174
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2005

This paper describes a development of the extrusion process and estimation of the weldability for multi cell tubes used to cooling system of automobiles. A study on extrusion process is performed through the 3D FE simulation in non-steady state and extrusion experimentation. Also, nano-indentation test is employed to estimate the weldability of tubes. Especially, An evaluation of the weldability using the nano-indentation is accomplished as compared with nano-hardness in welded part and in the others. Finally, the pattern of the mandrel defection is investigated according to shapes of the porthole and/or chamber.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 1998

This study is concerned with the thermo-biscoplastic finite element analysis of hot tube extrusion through square dies with a mandrel. The problem is treated as a non-steady state and the ALE description is used due to abruptly turning flow at the die aperture. Since the contact heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor are required in the analysis experiments are also carried out to determine the values, In order to apply ceramics to an extrusion die the study is focussed on under-standing the characteristics of the process. The simulated results provide the useful informations such as metal flow temperature distribution stress state etc. The elastic analysis of the dies is carried out to obtain the stress state of the ceramic dies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.1912-1920
• /
• 1997

In the analysis of metal forming process, ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) finite element methods have been increasingly used for the capability to control mesh independently from material flow. The methods can be divided into two groups i.e., coupled and split formulations. In the present work, the split ALE formulation is used for computational efficiency. A split ALE finite element method developed for rigid-viscoplastic materials and applied to the analysis of hot square die extrusion. Since thermal state greatly affects the product quality, an ALE scheme for temperature analysis is also presented. As computational examples, profile shapes as square and cross-like sections are chosen.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.7 s.94
• /
• pp.1740-1750
• /
• 1993

The aluminar short fiber reinforced composite materials for hot extrusion were fabricated by semi-solid stirring method, and extruded at extrusion temperature $400^{\circ}C$ with various extrusion ratio. The hot extrusion load of volume fraction 15% metal matrix composites and base alloy Al7075 has been compared. The fiber length distribution, fiber breakage and fiber orientation are investiged to know the fiber behaviour in before and after hot extrusion. The tensile strength of the hot extruded billet are experimentally determined for different of extrusion ratios, and compared with theorically calculated strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.882-886
• /
• 1996

The use of ceramics for extrusion dies is limited since the modification of die design is difficult. In order to successfully apply the ceramic dies to extrusion dies, a better understanding of the process should be preceded. This study focuses on understanding the characteristics of the process. In the present study, a hot extrusion of tube with a mandrel is analyzed by ALE finite element method. In order to obtain the stress state of ceraminc dies, the elastic analysis of dies is also carried out.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.207-225
• /
• 1992

The study is concerned with the thermo-viscoplastic finite element analysis of axisymmetric forward hot extrusion through square dies. The problem is treated as a nonsteady state problem because the distribution of temperature and material properties are continuously changing with the punch travel. In square die extrusion, difficulties arise from the severe distortion and die interference of elements at the aperture rim of the die even with a small punch travel. And finite element computation is impossible without intermittent remeshing. Accordingly, an automatic remeshing technique is proposed by employing specially designed mesh structure near the aperture rim. The analysis of temperature distribution includes heat conduction through material interfaces, heat convection and radiation to the atmosphere and is carried out by decoupling the heat analysis from the analysis of the deformation. The extrusion load and the distributions of strain rate and temperature are computed for the given cases rendering reasonable results. Computed grid distortions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. It has been thus shown that the proposed method of analysis can be effectively applied to the axisymmetric hot extrusion through square dies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 2005

In hydrostatic extrusion the billet in the container is extruded through a die with a liquid acting as a pressure medium, instead of by the direct application of the load by a ram. And the extrusion pressure can be affected by the flow stress and they are affected by the temperature. So in this study the temperature is the main issue with a extrusion ratio and a half die angle. As extrusion temperature goes down from $300^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$, tensile strength goes up to 310MPa. Because velocity of extrusion is higher than the conventional extrusion, there is another characteristic in the sense of microstrure. The temperature was sotted to $300^{\circ}C,\;250^{\circ}C,\;200^{\circ}C$, respectively. There is a increase of extrusion pressure abot $15\%$.