• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.317-320
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• 2008

A new spray chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar 'Yes Line' was originated from a cross between 'T22319' and 'SP02-037-13'. This cultivar was tested on the characteristics from 2004 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection including shading and retarding culture. The natural flowering time of 'Yes Line' is late October, but year-round production is possible by shading, lighting and retarding culture. This cultivar was single in flower type, with a color of red-purple(RHS 74C), with the flowers of 21.4 per stem. 'Yes Line' showed the vase life of 16.5 days in autumn season. The diameters of flower and flower center were 4.3 cm, 1.2 cm respectively. The days to flower under the short day treatment was 7.5 weeks and preference of consumers were high at 3.86 ranged up to 5.00. It has resistance to white rust and was possible to cultivate all-year-round.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 1994

To investigate the bacterial potentials for utilizing dissolved organic matter in highly eutrophic estuary, the annual fluctuations of microbiological and physicochemical environmental parameters were analyzed in Naktong River Estuary. Total bacterial number ranged from 0.33 to $2.09{\times}10^7$ cells/ml, and correlated with the heterotrophic bacterial numbers in more eutrophic sites, especially. Bacterial biovolume and biomass varied between 0.064 and 0.156 2.09${\mu}m^3$/cell, 0.163 and 1.036 ${\mu}g$-C/ml, respectively. Bacterial secondary productivity ranged from 0.24 to 60.86 ${\mu}g$-C/l/h, and showed high correlations with the environmental parameters of pollution indicator. The seasonal variation pattern of bacterial productivity in freshwater sites was high in winter and low in summer, which was interpreted as the results of pollution loads varied with the amount of rainfall. In seawater site, the pattern was different from those of freshwater sites; high in summer and low in winter. In this site, the values of bacterial productivity showed positive correaltions with chlorophyll a, heterotrophic bacterial number, and temperature (r>0.5, p<0.05). These results suggested that the main source of organic matter which influences the bacterial productivity may be allochthonous materials in the upper freshwater zone of Naktong River Barrage, and autochthonous algal excretory products in the lower seawater zone of Naktong River Barrage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and productivity between sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the same cultivation condition in Cheonan and Kimje of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Sudangrass hybrids(Choice, Sunstar and Piper) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17, Jumbo and Revolution) were planted $5^{th}$ May in Cheonan and $7^{th}$ May in Kimje. Heading date of sudangrass hybrids was $12^{th}$ July which was about 2 week fast more than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Stem diameter of sudangrass hybrids was about 6mm which was about 5 mm smaller than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Disease resistance of sudangrass hybrid, "Choice" was similar to that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Dry matter yield of "Choice" was 15ton/ha which was 10% less than that for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17). Feed value of "Choice" was similar or slightly lower than that of sorghum-sudangrass. For increasing the productivity in forage cropping systems all around year, sudangrass hybrid is recommended for prolong by the middle ten day of May in the harvesting time of italian ryegrass.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

The summer production of sweet pepper in Korea which cultured in the highland area such as Hapchon is essential for a year-round export, but has the problem, fruits lose easily those marketability. This study was carried out to find changes of fruit quality in response to storage on sweet pepper cultivars in summer. Seven cultivars of sweet peppers, 'Jubilee', 'Plenty', 'Goal', 'Romeca', 'Derby', 'Midas' and 'Maximalia' were obtained iron growers in Hapchon which was highland of 600-800m from sea level and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ with box packing. Fruit quality was evaluated every 4days up to 4weeks. The weight loss of 'Jubilee' was the lowest, that of 'Romeca' was the highest. The firmness of 'Goal' was maintained highly for 4weeks and the red cultivars was higher than those of other color cultivars. The lightness of 'Jubilee' was sensitively affected by storage duration. Seeds of 'Plenty' and 'Derby' were plentifully browned after 4weeks storage. The occurrence of fruit rotting was after 16-204ay storage and those of 'Plenty' and 'Maximalia' were the earliest. The marketability of 'Jubilee' and 'Romeca' maintained by 70% for 16 days was the highest, but most cultivars lost those by 20% after 24days storage. It may be suggested that the marketability of sweet pepper producted in summer can be stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 2weeks to maintain that of 80%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze seasonal and annual variations in rice quality and factors affecting the quality, for quality evaluation of the brand rice varieties produced in Jeonnam region. Coefficient of variation (CV) values for the seasonal variation in the rice quality were 3.1% in Toyo value, 2.1% in whiteness, 1.6% in protein content, 1.0% in moisture content, and 0.4% in head rice ratio. Quality characteristics of the brand rice varieties generally showed a decreasing tendency after April, as the months progressed. CV values for the annual variation in the rice quality were relatively high at 5.6% in protein content and 5.2% in Toyo value whereas those for whiteness and head rice ratio were relatively low, at 2.7% and 1.8%, respectively. Palatability and protein content showed high correlations with minimum air temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall, and daily temperature range. Head rice ratio had a negative correlation with daily temperature range whereas chalky rice ratio had a positive correlation with rainfall. Based on these results, we formulated a multiple regression equation to estimate palatability of cooked rice using protein content, whiteness, head rice ratio, and moisture content as follows: y = - 6.71a + 2.27b + 1.29c + 0.51d - 15.34 ($R^2$=0.51*) (y: palatability of cooked rice, a: protein content, b: moisture content, c: whiteness, d: head rice ratio).

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.567-575
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• 1999

This study found potential ability to generate electric power using difference in water temperature between sea surface water and deep water in the East Sea which includes the East Sea Proper Water with the temperature less than 1$^{\circ}C$ throughout a year without seasonal variation. To quantify the difference in water temperature between sea surface water and deep water in the East Sea. We computed the annual mean ($^{\circ}C$), the annual amplitude ($^{\circ}C$), the annual phase (degree) and the duration time which showed more than 15$^{\circ}C$ temperature difference from the water temperature data using Harmonic analysis during 1961~1997. The best place for generating electric power in the East Sea seems to be the eastward ocean areas (36$^{\circ}$ 05'N, 129$^{\circ}$ 48'E~36$^{\circ}$ 05'N, 130$^{\circ}$ 00E'E) from Pohang city. The annual mean of the difference in water temperature between sea surface water and 500 m depth was 24$^{\circ}$C at the place to generate electric power in August according to the data of 1961~1997. the maximum duration periods with more than 15$^{\circ}C$ temperature difference were 215 days (5/5-12/10) a year in the place mentioned electricity with a stable plan. In the East Sea coastal areas of the Korean peninsula, the average minimum depth to reach the East Sea Proper Water from surface water is 300 m and fluctuates between 250 m and 350 m throughout a year. Further studies could be needed for the utilization of cold water, such as the East Sea Proper Water for energy conversion.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

In this study, the "Insect Smart Farm Air Conditioning System" is designed and proposed for the control of breeding environment of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae. The proposed "Insect Smart Farm Air Conditioning System" separates the breeding room from the air conditioning room. It is a system that creates an environment optimized for breeding and distributes it into a breeding room. When controlling the environment through air-conditioning and humidifiers in insect farms, temperature and humidity vary from part of the breeding room to part. The solution to the problem can be suggested as a solution to the difficulty of producing white-spotted flower mounds of uniform size and weight when selling edible insects. By using the "Insect Smart Farm Air Conditioning System," the temperature difference can be reduced by 6℃ and the humidity difference by 24.7% compared to the environmental control of existing insect farms. The temperature and humidity of different parts of the breeding room were improved. Provide the optimal environment of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae at all times and ensure uniform CO₂ concentration. It can be expected to increase output through annual production and increase income for insect farmers. The proposed "Insecting Smart Farm Air Conditioning System" also controls the set temperature, humidity and CO₂. Environmental control of the breeding of other edible insects and the reproduction of mushrooms that require environmental control in breeding or breeding will also be possible.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4 s.96
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• pp.267-276
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• 2001

The downstream reach of the Han River adjoining Seoul in Korea was the upper boundary of an estuary where tidal effect on the flow rate could be exerted. According to the comprehensive river regulation project, the river was channelize dand impounded by two overflow dams, which provided favorable condition for algal growth in this sewage polluted eutrophic reach. In this study primary productivity of phytoplankton was measured in the down reach and the autochthonous and allochthonous organic carbon loadings were estimated. Primary production of phytoplankton measured by C-14 uptake and P-I model method ranged from 140 to $4,890\;mgC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ (median value $1,865\;mgC\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$) showing the level of eutrophic lakes. Phytoplankton density that varied according to water flow rate was highest in spring. Allochthonous organic carbon loading was dominated by sewage input through tributaries in most of days except flood flow period. The average proportion of autochthonous carbon generation by phytoplankton was 40.9%, which is very high proportion for a lotic habitat.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.123-140
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• 2011

This study analyzed large distributors' trade features with local suppliers and their direct purchase features through the survey and the interview targeting some MDs(Merchandisers) in large retailers responsible for buying fresh foods (agricultural, fishery, livestock and proceeded products). As the result of conducting the survey targeting the large purchase MDs, it was found that when they select local suppliers, they importantly consider the factors of stable products supply, the quality management, the aggressive management attitude, the affordable (cheap) price, and the suggestion of differentiated goods in order. Concerning their direct purchases in local places, their preference toward the direct-purchase traders were higher than that toward vendors and whole markets as their existing major traders. Among the traders for direct purchase, they preferred farm corporations (including agricultural corporations) the most, and followed the National Agricultural Cooperative, and the unit agricultural cooperative in order. Regarding to the trades with suppliers, when they set the trade price, the merchandisers (MDs) of large distributors preferred long-term trades over 2 years, and utilized the factors of market rate(50.9%), production cost(31.2%) and sale price in the same industry(18.0%). For the local distribution organizations to aggressively counteract the changes of distribution environment in the consumption places, it needs some strategies to organize the agricultural production, to expand the production size and to specialize the distribution channels. And the supply system's continuality and stability are required, so it needs to establish the counteract system enabling to supply all year round through the link of production organizations. Additionally, as an effort to intensify the market negotiation ability, it should collect various market information from the consumption places.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2014

The foliage of variegated Solomon's seal is excellent in cut flower arrangements. However, it has a restricted marketing period because the harvesting is limited in spring and summer. The increased interest requires the year-round production, thus techniques for dormancy breaking and forcing without low temperature treatment is needed. Therefore, experiments were conducted to d etermine whether gibberellic acid (GA) could break dormancy in variegated Solomon's seal. Thes prouting of dormant bud did not occur throughout the experiment when $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was applied to dormant rhizomes as a soil drench. However, when plants were treated with a GA drench after scratch with razor blade or were given direct injection of GA, percent sprouting was increased up to 100 or 83.3%, respectively. However, because treatments with razor or syringe may damage internal organs, we tested another method, scarifying the rhizomes with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Rhizome scarification with 4% NaOCl for 6 or 24 hours followed by drench of $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ increased the dormancy breaking percentage to 70 or 86.7%, respectively. Moreover, scarified and GA-treated rhizomes produced more leaves than untreated or GA-soil drenched plants in the glasshouse. These results showed the possibility of year-round production of variegated Solomon's seal foliage with rhizome scarification and GA treatments.