• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2017

Due to the positive effect of forest space for child development, the creation and operation of forest activity space of various organizations is increasing in quantity; however, the research on practical space design and management program is insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the space and management programs of the forest experience centers through the post-occupancy evaluation of teachers and preschoolers participating in forest activities. To do this, we analyzed the selected twelve sites through field survey, class observation, and interviews with forest education specialists, and then surveyed 115 forest education experts and childcare teachers for importance, performance, overall satisfaction, and space preference. In addition, we accessed overall satisfaction and space preference of twenty-nine preschoolers through interviews, photo-simulation, and questionnaires. As a result, the importance and performance of management program area was rated higher than the spatial characteristics area. In terms of group comparison, the group with active structured program rated two areas higher than the groups with free play. Preschoolers with structured programs preferred facility space, but preschoolers with free play preferred nature. Two preschooler groups rated forest activity as satisfactory. Based on the analysis results: 1) The composition of the forest activity space should ensure accessibility, safety, diversity of diversity, water space, connect to the forest road, and secure various terrains, trees, and natural materials; 2) The management program should ensure that forest activity programs have the proportional balance of structural programs and free play; also. management programs should plan for sufficient free playtime and a high share of play in the forest; and 3) Ensure the role and expertise of forestry specialists and run a program to increase the autonomy of preschoolers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.101-116
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• 2012

Accident prediction models have been utilized to predict accident possibilities in existing or projected freeways and to evaluate programs or policies for improving safety. In this study, a traffic accident prediction model for freeways was developed for the above purposes. When selecting variables for the model, the highest priority was on the ease of both collecting data and applying them into the model. The dependent variable was set as the number of total accidents and the number of accidents including casualties in the unit of IC(or JCT). As a result, two models were developed; the overall accident model and the casualty-related accident model. The error structure adjusted to each model was the negative binomial distribution and the Poisson distribution, respectively. Among the two models, a more appropriate model was selected by statistical estimation. Major nine national freeways were selected and five-year dada of 2003~2007 were utilized. Explanatory variables should take on either a predictable value such as traffic volumes or a fixed value with respect to geometric conditions. As a result of the Maximum Likelihood estimation, significant variables of the overall accident model were found to be the link length between ICs(or JCTs), the daily volumes(AADT), and the ratio of bus volume to the number of curved segments between ICs(or JCTs). For the casualty-related accident model, the link length between ICs(or JCTs), the daily volumes(AADT), and the ratio of bus volumes had a significant impact on the accident. The likelihood ratio test was conducted to verify the spatial and temporal transferability for estimated parameters of each model. It was found that the overall accident model could be transferred only to the road with four or more than six lanes. On the other hand, the casualty-related accident model was transferrable to every road and every time period. In conclusion, the model developed in this study was able to be extended to various applications to establish future plans and evaluate policies.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-129
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• 2022

It is important to preempt new technology because the technology competition is getting much tougher. Stakeholders conduct exploration activities continuously for new technology preoccupancy at the right time. Gartner's Hype Cycle has significant implications for stakeholders. The Hype Cycle is a expectation graph for new technologies which is combining the technology life cycle (S-curve) with the Hype Level. Stakeholders such as R&D investor, CTO(Chef of Technology Officer) and technical personnel are very interested in Gartner's Hype Cycle for new technologies. Because high expectation for new technologies can bring opportunities to maintain investment by securing the legitimacy of R&D investment. However, contrary to the high interest of the industry, the preceding researches faced with limitations aspect of empirical method and source data(news, academic papers, search traffic, patent etc.). In this study, we focused on two research questions. The first research question was 'Is there a difference in the characteristics of the network structure at each stage of the hype cycle?'. To confirm the first research question, the structural characteristics of each stage were confirmed through the component cohesion size. The second research question is 'Is there a pattern of diffusion at each stage of the hype cycle?'. This research question was to be solved through centralization index and network density. The centralization index is a concept of variance, and a higher centralization index means that a small number of nodes are centered in the network. Concentration of a small number of nodes means a star network structure. In the network structure, the star network structure is a centralized structure and shows better diffusion performance than a decentralized network (circle structure). Because the nodes which are the center of information transfer can judge useful information and deliver it to other nodes the fastest. So we confirmed the out-degree centralization index and in-degree centralization index for each stage. For this purpose, we confirmed the structural features of the community and the expectation diffusion patterns using Social Network Serice(SNS) data in 'Gartner Hype Cycle for Artificial Intelligence, 2021'. Twitter data for 30 technologies (excluding four technologies) listed in 'Gartner Hype Cycle for Artificial Intelligence, 2021' were analyzed. Analysis was performed using R program (4.1.1 ver) and Cyram Netminer. From October 31, 2021 to November 9, 2021, 6,766 tweets were searched through the Twitter API, and converting the relationship user's tweet(Source) and user's retweets (Target). As a result, 4,124 edgelists were analyzed. As a reult of the study, we confirmed the structural features and diffusion patterns through analyze the component cohesion size and degree centralization and density. Through this study, we confirmed that the groups of each stage increased number of components as time passed and the density decreased. Also 'Innovation Trigger' which is a group interested in new technologies as a early adopter in the innovation diffusion theory had high out-degree centralization index and the others had higher in-degree centralization index than out-degree. It can be inferred that 'Innovation Trigger' group has the biggest influence, and the diffusion will gradually slow down from the subsequent groups. In this study, network analysis was conducted using social network service data unlike methods of the precedent researches. This is significant in that it provided an idea to expand the method of analysis when analyzing Gartner's hype cycle in the future. In addition, the fact that the innovation diffusion theory was applied to the Gartner's hype cycle's stage in artificial intelligence can be evaluated positively because the Gartner hype cycle has been repeatedly discussed as a theoretical weakness. Also it is expected that this study will provide a new perspective on decision-making on technology investment to stakeholdes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.237-246
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• 2003

A mountain village is defined as that which is autogenously formed over at least 100 years and supported by agricultural yields and forest products and forest area portion of which is over 70% in Guidelines for the Comprehensive Development Planning of Mountain Village. Recently, concerns about management planning of the Green and Eco-Village causes researches related to the Mountain Village's economics, tourism attractiveness, experience programming and investigation of the ecosystem and environment based on the village area. This kind of eco-village project should be supported by ecological evaluation of its spatial structure. But there is rare research of the village spatial structure studied from the ecological viewpoint originally. The purpose of this study is to interpret the spatial structure of Korean mountain village on the landscape ecological paradigm. The paradigm components are patches, corridors, networks, and matrix which explain the land and spatial structure at landscape scale. For this purpose, we selected two case study areas- Sansu and Ajick villages in Gimje city, Jeonlabukdo. We interpreted and evaluated the spatial structure by three steps: (1) to clarify the existing land mosaic pattern by land use mapping (2) to estimate the pore size as development area in matrix (3) to investigate the funnel effect of patch shape. These landscape ecological steps and frameworks could be applied for the proper methodology as fundamentals of eco-village planning and design.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 2012

In this study, to analyze the stream health using fish assemblage and make effective management, we conducted fish monitoring in the Hoeya River basin and neighboring streams. A total of 33 species classified into 12 families were collected from 29 sites in 2007. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (Relative abundance, RA: 24.8%), and subdominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (RA: 16.2%). Eight Korean endemic species and 4 exotic species were identified. Moreover, two species (Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis and Hemiculter eigenmanni) were translocated from other basin. To evaluate stream health of the study sites, Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) was applied, based on fish assemblages. Overall, IBI values were "C (Fair)" or "D (Poor)" condition, according to the grade except two sites which recorded "B (Good)". The correlation between land use pattern of surrounding watershed and IBI was analyzed to verify impact of development on stream health using fish assemblage. As a result, when percentage of the developmental groups increased, IBI values were decreased (Pearson correlation, r=-0.425, p=0.022). In contrast, increment of percent forest and grass land was positively correlated with IBI (r=0.556, p=0.002). The agricultural group and IBI did not significantly correlate with each other (r=-0.231, p=0.333). In this study, we identified a relationship between land use of surrounding watershed and stream health using fish data (i.e. IBI). These results could be provided useful fundamental information to establish management and restoration plan in the Hoeya River basin and other rivers distributed in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

The safety management of a road network comprises four basic inter-related components：identification of sites(black spot) requiring safety investigation, diagnosis of safety problems, selection of feasible treatments for potential treatment candidates, and prioritization of treatments given limited budgets(Persaud, 2001). Identification process of selecting black spot is very important for efficient investigation of sites. In this study, the accident prediction model for EB method was developed by using accident data and geometric conditions of black spots selected from four-leg signalized intersections in In-cheon City for three years (2004-2006). In addition, by comparing the rank nomination technique using EB method to that by using accident counts, we managed to show the problems which the existing method have and the necessity for developing rational prediction model. As a result, in terms of total number of accidents, both the counts predicted by existing non-linear regression model and that by EB method have high good of fitness, but EB method, considering both the accident counts by sites and total number of accident, has better good of fitness than non-linear poison model. According to the result of the comparison of ranks nominated for treatment between two methods, the rank for treatment of almost sites does not change but SeoHae intersection and a few other intersections have significant changes in their rank. This shows that, with the technique proposed in the study, the RTM problem caused by using real accident counts can be overcome.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.573-583
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• 2013

Construction of large-scale structures such as dams would be suggested actively to cope with change of flood characteristics caused by climate change. However, due to environmental, economic and political issues, dams are not ideally constructed. Thus flood damage reduction planning projects would get started including washland or detention pond for sharing the flood in basin. The washland made artificially by human being is an area of floodplain surrounded by bank to be intentionally inundated by overflowing through overflow structure adjacent to main channel during flood season. Flood reduction capacity at just downstream of each washland could be affected by type, length, and crest elevation of overflow structure in addition to shape of design hydrograph, storage volume of washland, etc.. In this study flood reduction effects of washland are estimated for overflow weir type and gate type to compare the results of flood reduction respectively subjected to given hydrograph in sample site, the Cheongmicheon stream. It has been shown that even if gate type at overflow structure could yield more flood reduction than overflow weir type, economic aspect such as initial cost, operation cost and maintenance cost should be considered to select the type of overflow structure because flood reduction rate by gate type could not be significant value from engineering point of view.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2009

비상대처계획수립을 위한 홍수방어체계 구축은 방재적 측면에서 가능최대강수량 유입시 댐 붕괴 조건에 대한 하류지역의 침수범람지도와 대피경로 작성에 관한 내용이 주된 관심사였다. 그러나, 현재 국내에서 계획되고 있는 자연형하천 조성사업, 물순환시스템 조성공사 등에서는 기존의 비상대처계획수립과는 차별화된 홍수시 이용자 대피계획 및 각종 수리구조물의 운영에 대한 비상경보 발령체계 수립을 요구하고 있다. 본 연구는 청라지구 중앙호수와 공촌천, 심곡천 연결부의 하천 배수문 운영, 내부수로 수위조절을 위한 배수펌프 계획과 연계한 상황별 홍수조절 방안을 수립하고 강우, 수위 관측에 의한 비상시 경보발령 기준을 제시하였다. 하천배수문 운영에 따른 중앙호수 저류시설 활용효과 분석을 위하여 100년, 200년빈도 홍수 유입시 조위조건별 내수위 변화를 계산하였다. 수치모의는, 공촌천-중앙호수-심곡천을 연계운영을 위하여 HEC-RAS의 Full Network를 이용하였으며 심곡천, 공촌천과 중앙호수를 연결하는 하천배수문은 계획홍수위 El. 3.75m 이상인 경우 개별적으로 개방하도록 하였다. 모형 수행결과, 계획빈도 홍수시 하천배수문 개방을 통한 중앙호수 저류지 활용방안은 200년빈도, 약최고고조위 내습시에도 청라지구 전체의 치수안정성을 확보할 수 있다. 그러나, 200년빈도 고극조위 이상의 기상조건인 경우에는 심곡천 홍수위가 계획제방고 El. 4.55m를 넘어 비상대처계획 수립이 필요하다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 도시홍수방어체계 구축을 위하여 3단계의 치수안정성 확보 계획을 수립하였으며 하천배수문 개방 차단계획을 고려하여 계획빈도이하 홍수, 계획빈도이상 홍수, 비상상황시로 구분하여 상황별 홍수조절방안을 제시하였다. 또한, 500년빈도 홍수시 폭풍해일을 고려한 하천 수위 분석을 통하여 비상경보 발령체계를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 비상경보발령은 공촌천 수위 El. 3.85 m, 심곡천 수위 El. 3.73 m, 강우강도 39.7mm/hr 이상시이다. 본 연구는 홍수시 모니터링시스템에 의한 비상경보 발령체계 수립을 위한 수위 및 강우조건을 정량적으로 제시하여 차후 개발되는 신도시 물순환시스템의 상황별 홍수조절 방안 및 모니터링 시스템에 의한 경보발령 기준 수립시 활용가능 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2018

The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has promulgated the mandatory design of BIM for road projects of more than 50 billion won by 2020 under the Basic Plan for the Sixth Construction Technology Promotion. As a result, major public clients are attempting to implement BIMs that are appropriate to the situation of each institution. On the other hand, it is difficult to design and construct a proper BIM and accumulate BIM information of the ordering organization because the technical guidelines and standard classification system that can perform BIM effectively have not been presented sufficiently. The characteristics of the road should be managed systematically, e.g., atypical objects, such as earthworks, which are constantly changing along a line; large objects, such as bridges and tunnels; and facilities, such as signs and soundproof walls. To achieve this, a multitude of standard systems should be developed and disseminated, but there have been insufficient studies on practical methods. To solve this problem, this study developed a BIM standard object classification system in the road sector to meet the international standard, accommodate a multi-dimensional information system, and provide a more effective BIM standard information environment that can be utilized easily by practitioners.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.383-402
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• 2007

World security market has continuously been growing since the 2000s. The growth rate seems to reach up to 7-8% annually. What is more, Korea is expected to be one of the most rapidly developing markets, Based of this view, this research investigates the principal drivers to have affected on the expansion of Korean security market over the past 20 years. In addition to that, this study also examines the influence of recent changes in the world economy and globalization, socio-demographic change, development of information technology on the future security market. The data reviewed in this study are official crime rates, socio-economic indicators, statistics from the National Police Agency and the business reports of a leading private security company. This study shows that several factors such as rising crime rates, lack of police capacities, national economic growth and rising household income have played important roles in development of Korean market. It is also expected to keep those positive affects on the future market. On the other side, in recent years, the security market seems to be increasingly affected by new social economic changes. Those are impact of last aging society, rapid increase of individual household and women's participation in labor market. These factors seem to increase personal and household needs for security service. World economy, globalization process and development of information technology are also deemed to give rise to social demands for surveillance, monitoring service and security in cyber space.