• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 여성형유방증을 진단받은 환자와 정상 대조군 사이의 혈액검사 결과 및 생활 습관을 비교하여 여성형유방증의 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 위험인자 간의 평균차이검정은 독립표본 t검정과 카이제곱검정을 시행하였으며 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 여성형유방증 발생에 영향을 미치는 다양한 예측 인자들의 상대적 위험비를 산출하였다. 나이, HGB, HCT, TC, Glucose, ALT, 음주, 탈모약, 전립선 비대증 치료제가 유의한 차이를 보이는 변수로 확인되었다. 특히 탈모약은 위험비 단변량분석에서 15.79로 가장 높게 나타났으며 HGB는 0.37배로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 여성형유방증 발생에 이들 요인이 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사하며, 향후 여성형유방증의 진단 및 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 1995

A male patient with subnormal intelligence and schizoaffective symptoms was confirmed to have Klinefelter's syndrome with the karyotype of 47,XXY by the chromosomal analysis. He was shown to have a peculiar appearance of tall height, long extremities, gynecomastia and small ears. The hormonal study revealed decreased testosterone and increased FSH concentrations in the serum of the patient. He was also found to have small testes by the ultrasonography, which seemed to be sterile by the semen analysis. We reported this rare case and reviewed related articles.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.773-778
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The authors propose the new classification of fatty - type gynecomastia(lipomastia) which can serve as a guide for modifying the periareolar technique. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 1000 cases of lipomastia operated on in the last 17 months. The extent of the clinical result, the technique employed, and the complications were observed. On the basis of this review the authors observed that at grade I(fat component < 50 ml, fibroglandular component < 3 g each breast), flattening of the thorax can be achieved by means of stab incision, ultrasound - assisted lipectomy(UAL), scavenging suction - assisted lipectomy(SAL) and tissue shaving. At grade II(50 < < 150 ml, 3 < < 5 g), stab incision, UAL, SAL and pull - out method(POM) using small curved scissors. At grade III(150 < < 300 ml, 5 < < 15 g and prominent inframammary fold(IMF)), minimal incision (5 - 6 mm), UAL, SAL and POM using small angulated scissors, and blunting IMF. At grade IV (300 < < 500 ml, 15 < < 30 g, and glandular ptosis), minimal incision (5 - 6 mm), UAL, SAL, fibroglandular excision using small angulated scissors, cutting IMF and fixation of nipple - areola complex(NAC) becomes necessary. At grade V (> 500 ml, > 30 g and ptosis), small incision (7 - 8 mm), UAL, SAL, fibroglandular excision using large angulated scissors, cutting IMF, upper repositioning of NAC and delayed circumareolar skin reduction or chest lifting becomes necessary. Results: The complications were minimal but there were hematoma (n = 7), infection (n = 3) and hypertrophic scar (n =13). Almost patients were satisfied with the outcome. Conclusion: This simple classification may help in choosing the most suitable treatment, thus avoiding insufficient or invasive treatments and undesirable scars.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2013

연구목적 유방암 환자에서 우울증상의 동반 빈도는 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 있으며 우울증상은 건강과 연관된 삶의 질에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 일 대학병원 유방암 환자의 우울증상의 유병율을 알아보고 우울증상이 건강과 연관된 삶의 질과, 우울증상과 삶의 질에 미치는 인구 사회학적 및 임상적 변인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 원광대학교병원 외과에서 2010년 11월 1일부터 2011년 5월 31일까지 유방암으로 진단 및 수술을 받고 통원치료 중인 19세 이상 75세 미만인 여성 환자 52명에서 이전에 기분장애로 진단을 받았거나 평가 설문지 및 의학적 정보가 부족한 11명을 제외한 41명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구 대상자의 인구통계학적 변인 및 유방암에 대한 임상적 특성은 의무기록지를 통하여 조사하였다. 우울증상은 Beck 우울척도, 불안은 성격평가질문지의 불안 하위 척도를 이용하였으며, 건강과 관련된 삶의 질은 한국판 단축형 36항목 건강 설문지(Short Form 36 health Survey-Korean Version)를 사용하였다. Beck 우울 척도에 따른 우울증상 군과 비우울증상 군의 건강과 관련된 삶의 질을 비교하였으며, 인구사회학적 변인 및 임상적 변인을 예언 변인으로 하고 우울증상과 삶의 질을 준거 변인으로 한 중다회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 유방암 환자 중 우울증상의 유병율은 36.4%였다. 우울 증상을 나타내는 유방암 환자의 건강과 연관된 삶의 질에서 신체 기능(p<.01), 신체 역할(p<.001), 전반적 건강(p<.05), 사회 기능(p<.001), 정서 역할(p<.001), 정신 건강(p<.001)의 하위 척도가 우울증상을 동반하지 않은 환자군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 그러나 신체 통증 및 활력의 하위척도에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 유방암 환자의 우울증상은 불안과 교육 정도, 항암치료 시행 여부와 유의한 것으로 나타나 전체 우울증상의 63.6%의 설명 변량을 나타냈다. 유방암 환자의 건강과 관련한 삶의 질은 우울증상, 수술형태, 연령이 유의하였으며 55.8%의 설명 변량을 나타냈다. 결 론 유방암 환자의 우울증상은 36%에서 나타났으며 우울증상은 건강과 연관된 삶의 질을 낮추었다. 우울증상은 삶의 질에 높은 설명 변량을 가지고 있으며, 불안은 우울증상을 동반한 유방암 환자에서 높은 설명 변량을 갖고 있었다. 따라서 유방암 환자의 삶의 질을 높이기 위하여 우울증상에 대한 평가 및 치료가 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.742-748
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The method of using ultrasound-assisted liposuction and excision of the remaining glandular tissue is the preferred method for treating gynecomastia and is currently used worldwide. Herein, this article described the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction before a surgical excision in the treatment of gynecomastia. The cosmetic results were objectively evaluated. Methods: 11 patients (22 breasts) underwent ultrasoundassisted liposuction and suction-assisted lipectomy between April 2007 and January 2009. At the end of the liposuction, the remaining glandular tissue was removed through the incision used for liposuction. We evaluated the cosmetic results using ordinary scale methods on the basis of four categories (recurrence, symmetry, contour irregularity, and scar). Results: The volume of aspirates ranged between 50 and 200 cc per breast and the average weight of tissue removed by excision was 65g per breast. No complications were recorded. Regarding the cosmetic evaluation, the recurrence, contour irregularity, and scar were excellent, the symmetry was good, and the overall results represented all those cases were mostly excellent. Conclusion: Ultrasound-assisted liposuction has many advantages in the treatment of gynecomastia. When excising the remaining glandular tissue, bleeding is decreased by the use of a tumescent technique. The glandular tissue is easily mobilized and excised after being "morselized" with ultrasound-assisted liposuction. The glandular tissue is simply dissected via the suction surface. Compared the residual mound of glandular tissue beneath the nipple and areola to the periphery, it facilitates precise control of the excision.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.628-634
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Subcutaneous mastectomy has been accepted as a standard for the treatment of gynecomastia. Surgical managements including ultrasound-assisted liposuction(UAL) have had limited success and several combined approaches were tried to find the most effective method. We designed a modified subcutaneous mastectomy, which we call "pan-cake method". The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of our method for the treatment of gynecomastia. Methods: 16 patients from 16 to 31 years of age having gynecomastia were operated using the pan-cake method. 11 patients were in grade I, and 5 patients were in grade II, no patient were in grade III or IV, according to Rod's classification. The pan-cake method started with modified periareolar incision. We executed subcutaneous dissection first and suprafascial dissection next. After dividing the breast into four equal quadrants, we removed breast tissue from each quadrant as necessary. The operation time for the resection was recorded and the weight of removed parenchyme tissues was measured. Results: All the operations were successful. There were no asymmetries, contour deformities, or irregularities. Only 6 cases needed the combined therapy with ultrasound-assisted liposuction(UAL) because of the step deformities. The average operation time was 24.1 minutes and the average weight of removed breast tissue was 98.1g. All the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. Conclusion: We concluded that the pan-cake method is an alternative option for the surgical treatment of gynecomastia, giving good aesthetic results and relatively short operation time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.806-810
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Gynecomastia is an abnormal increase in the volume of the male breast. Subcutaneous mastectomy was the first surgical treatment for gynecomastia. But because of the complications such as nerve injury and scar formation, subcutaneous mastectomy has been substituted with liposuction. Recently various techniques including ultrasound - assisted liposuction has been used for treatment of gynecomastia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) for treatment of gynecomastia. Methods: 17 patients, 33 breasts of gynecomastia, Simon grade I or II have been treated with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). The mean age was 24.5. The subcutaneous tissue and glandular tissue were removed with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). The operation time, the weight of removed tissue and patients' satisfaction score were accessed. Results: The mean operation time was 78.2 minutes. The mean weight of removed tissue was 113.8 g. There was no significant complications such as necrosis, hematoma, infection or scar contracture. Patients' satisfactory score of scar, shape and confidence were 8.4, 8.2 and 8.4 respectively. As the average score was 8.3, almost patients were satisfied with their breasts. Conclusion: The authors have treated 17 patients suffering from gynecomastia with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). We obtained short operation time, early recovery, minimal operative scar and less complications with XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) for the treatment of gynecomastia, and patients were satisfied with the results of our method. We concluded XPS$^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) is an alternative option for the treatment of gynecomastia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Gynecomastia is an abnormal increase in the volume of the male breast. Patients affected by gynecomastia with significant glandular enlargement may respond to suction alone and/or sharp dissection and excision. The purpose of this report is to introduce the indications and results of authors' two techniques. Methods: The diameter of parenchyme was determined by a pinch test after liposuction. For the parenchymal diameter less than 4 cm, ultrasound-assisted liposuction was performed, in conjunction with the "pull-out technique" to effectively remove the fibrofatty tissue of the male breast through a single 5-7 mm incision. For the parenchymal diameter more than 4 cm, ultrasound-assisted liposuction and excision were applied through 2.5 cm periareolar approach. Results: A total of 94 patients (185 breasts) underwent the operation from October 2000 to October 2003 and mean follow-up period was 12 months. The volume of aspirates ranged from 50 to 450 cc per breast. There were no major complications such as skin flap necrosis. Five reoperations were performed for 1 hypertrophic scar, 2 under-resected and 2 hematoma cases. The patient's satisfaction was high and most of them were pleased with the shape of the breasts and scars. Conclusion: These procedures can minimize scars and reduce the incidence of contour problem such as saucer deformity, and provides consistent results. Patients can return to full activities in 48 hours. It can be offered as an option for the treatment of gynecomastia.