• Life and Agrochemicals
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• s.283
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• pp.45-47
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• 2012

파프리카(Paprika)는 착색단고추로 1995년부터 본격적으로 재배, 수출용으로 소비되었으나 최근에는 피자, 샐러드용으로 국내소비도 많아지고 있다. 재배양식은 여름형과 겨울형이 있다. 여름재배는 3월 중순경 정식, 6월 중순부터 12월까지 수확한다. 겨울재배는 9월 초순정식, 12월 초부터 7월까지 수확하여 연중 재배되고 있다. 시설 내 파프리카 생육적온은 주간 $21-27^{\circ}C$, 야간 $18-19^{\circ}C$이며 습도는 70-80%로서 시설내 발생하는 미소해충들이 번성하기에 좋은 조건이다. 해충 방제는 피해를 정확히 진단하고 발생초기에 적절한 방제수단을 강구하여야 피해를 최소화 할 수 있다. 따라서 재배유형별로 작기 전 기간에 걸쳐 종합적인 해충관리대책이 수립되어야 하며, 어린모 구입시 건전묘 구입, 해충 수시 예찰과 조기방제, 작기 후 포장위생을 철저히 하여야 한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2009

Biological-control-based-integrated-pest-management of major pests occurring on sweet pepper in greenhouse during summer season was tried. As many as 2.1 Orius laevigatus per $m^2$ were released in two times on June 6 and 19, and the population of thrips was kept under control and accordingly the damage was negligible throughout the season. To control aphids, a total of 0.8 Aphidius colemani per $m^2$ were released in four times, 0.2 of them at a time, flonicamid on May 14 and July 18 and pymetrozine on June 14 and September 4 were sprayed on the spots of high aphid occurrence to reduce the release of the wasp, and the density of aphids was kept under control. Whitefly was controlled successfully by releasing a total of 343.4 Amblyseius swirski per $m^2$ in nine times, 38.1 of them at a time, from May 9 until November 12 and dinotefuran was sprayed on November 12 when the density of whitefly increased up to 200 per trap. Tetranichus kanzawai was controlled by both Phytoseiulus persimilis which was released a total of 44.4 per $m^2$ in five times 8.9 of them at a time from May 23 to September 10, and the A. swirski which was released for the control of whitefly.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of two shading methods, shading agent spray on the glasshouse and internal shading screen treatment, on the growth and fruit quality of paprika (Capsicum annuum L. 'Cupra' and 'Coletti') in summer season cultivation. In the shading agent treatment, a commercial shading agent diluted with water at a ratio of 1 : 4 was sprayed on the roof of a glasshouse. In the internal shading screen treatment, a 10~20% shaded screen was used during the day time when the sun radiation was greater than $700W{\cdot}m^{-2}$. Compared to the unshaded control, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) decreased in the greenhouse in the shading agent (SA) and shading screen (SS) treatments by 20% and 30%, respectively. Lower air temperatures and higher relative humidities were observed in the SA than in both the control and the SS treatment. Time to reach the break point of humidity deficit $8g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ was 2 hours late in the SA than in both the control and the SS treatment. Compared to control, both the SA and the SS treatments showed lower instantaneous temperatures of leaf, fruit, and flower by $2^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$, respectively. There were no differences in number of branches, stem diameter, and leaf size among treatments although both shading treatments promoted plant height in both cultivars. Botrytis infection ratio declined with the SA treatment by 14.7% in 'Cupra' and 22.1% in 'Coletti' as compared to that in the control. Shading increased fruit size in both cultivars, whereas no differences were observed in the number of locules and thickness of fruit tissue among treatments. Shading treatment increased mean fruit weight by a range of 10 to 15 g per fruit, while it decreased soluble solids contents as compared to that in the control. Similar Hunter values were observed among treatments, while fruit firmness increased slightly in shading treatments. Compared to the control, shading treatments improved marketable fruits by 11.7~22.6% and increased the number of fruits per plant by 4~9.2 in both 'Cupra' and 'Coletti'. The results of this study indicate that shading agent application on the roof of glasshouse would be one of the most effective options to reduce heat stress imposed on the paprika crop in summer cultivation, resulting in improved crop growth and fruit yield.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.635-646
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• 2018

This study sought to identify the characteristics of seasonal concentration differences of particulate matter influenced by land cover types associated with particulate matter emission and reductions, namely forest and urbanized regions. PM10 and PM2.5 was measured with quantitative concentration in 2016 on 23 urban air monitoring stations in Seoul, classified the stations into 3 groups based on the ratio of urbanized and forest land covers within a range of 3km around station, and analysed the differences in particulate matter concentration by season. The center values for the urbanized and forest land covers by group were 53.4% and 34.6% in Group A, 61.8% and 16.5% in Group B, and 76.3% and 6.7% in Group C. The group-specific concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 by season indicated that the concentration of Group A, with high ratio of forests, was the lowest in all seasons, and the concentration of Group C, with high ratio of urbanized regions, had the highest concentration from spring to autumn. These inter-group differences were statistically significant. The concentration of Group C was lower than Group B in the winter; however, the differences between Groups B to C in the winter were not statistically significant. Group A concentration compared to the high-concentration groups by season was lower by 8.5%, 11.2%, 8.0%, 6.8% for PM10 in the order of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and 3.5%, 10.0%, 4.1% and 3.3% for PM2.5. The inter-group concentration differences for both PM10 and PM2.5 were the highest in the summer and grew smaller in the winter, this was thought to be because the forests' ability to reduce particulate matter emissions was the most pronounced during the summer and the least pronounced during the winter. The influence of urbanized areas on particulate matter concentration was lower compared to the influence of forests. This study provided evidence that the particulate matter concentration was lower for regions with higher ratios of forests, and subsequent studies are required to identify the role of green space to manage particulate matter concentration in cities.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1992

Results as follows are obtained from the pot experiment to examine effect of application of organic substances on inhibition of occurrence of root rot of red pepper. 1. As for effects of applicating organic materials on inhibition of red pepper root rot, it is more effective to apply in autumn than to apply in summer, when the temperature is high. In addition, organic substance which is not decomposed completely such as rice straw is more effective than matured compost types. As for effects of applicating organic substances on composition of soil microorganisms, increase of fungi and bacteria in view of numbers is remarkable, especially in case of applying rice straw. 2. From the examination of Phytophthora capsici in soil at the 1st cultivation period in autumn, no P. capsici can be isolated in early stage of growth of red pepper in nontreated soil and in soil applied compost. However, as the time goes on, P. capsici are detected. While in early stage of cultivation, P. capsici are detected in soil applied with rice straw, P. capsici are not isolated after middle stage of cultivation. 3. It is recognized that there are many differences according to the types of organic materials applied in the result of identification of fungi in each treatment. And, proportion of antagonistic fungi to total fungi in soil applied rice straw is proved to be significantly higher compared to other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 1991

Residual period and carry-over effect of some herbicides were determined using a bioassay method in six summer crops(potato, carrot, corn, water melon, soybean, and sesame). The effects were measured at regular time intervals after applying different rates of the herbicides. There were no great differences in residual period and carry-over injury between the soils and kinds of crops used. However, the residual period varied with the herbicides studied and the carry-over injury was dependent upon season and rate of the herbicide application, sampling depth of soil, and kind and seeding date of the test plant. When the residual herbicides were applied, the carry-over injury could be minimized by selecting tolernet crops, delaying seeding of the crops after application of the herbicides, and regulating the cultivation depth. Herbicides which showed no residual effect by the end of the cropping period(100-120 days for summer crops) and no carry-over effect were alachlor, trifluralin, ethalfluralin, metribuzin, and prometryn. When pendimethalin, metolachlor, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, and simazine were applied at the recommended rate or less, there was no carry -over injury at harvesting time. With doubling the recommended rate, however, the carry-over effect was found in sensitive crops. Napropamide applied at the rate of 300 g a.i./10 a brought about carry-over injury for Italian ryegrass and barley at 140 days in summer crops, whereas the injury was not found in Cruciferae (radish, Chinese cabbage). Nitralin applied at the rate of 150-300 g a.i./10a caused the carry-over injury for Italian ryegrass and barley at 140 days in summer crops. However, there was no injury for Cruciferae.