• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Total body water is increased after cardiopulmonary bypass resulting in tissue edema and organ dysfunction. Ultrafiltration has been used to reduce this accumulation of water. We have carried out a prospective randomized study in 17 children undergoing open heart surgery, comparing modified ultrafiltration(MUF) with nonfiltered controls. MUF was carried out for about 10 minutes after completion of cardiopulmonary bypass to a hematocrit 36∼42%. Blood loss, blood transfused, hemodynamics, and laboratory data were recorded for 24 hours postoperatively. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, comparing controls(n=7) to ultrafiltered(n=10). There was no death in each group. The mean filtrate volume(ml/kg) was 42(30∼68). Blood loss(ml/kg/24hr) was 14.5 mean(4.0∼26.6) in controls versus 12.1 mean(6.0∼21.5) in MUF(P＞0.05) ; blood transfused(ml/kg/24hr) was 9.4 mean (6.0∼36.3) in controls versus 3.4 mean(0∼11.4) in MUF(P<0.05). There was rise in arterial blood pressure during MUF. Percent rise of systolic blood pressure was 4.2(0∼11.7) in controls versus 19.8(7.0∼36.9) in MUF(P=0.001). Percent rise of diastolic blood pressure was 10.0(1.6∼20.8) in controls versus 30.6(5.8∼73.3) in MUF(P<0.05). Platelet count, fibrinogen, and oncotic pressure rose after MUF. No complications directly attributable to the ultrafiltration were observed. Conclusively, MUF is safe, effective means of removing body water and beneficial to hemodynamics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.999-1004
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• 2009

Purpose : Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a fundamental parameter in assessing renal function and predicting the progression of chronic renal disease. Because the use of serum creatinine has several disadvantages, many studies have investigated the use of cystatin C for estimating GFR. We compared creatinine clearance and GFR with formulas using serum creatinine and cystatin C. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 211 patients with various renal diseases and classified them into two groups according to creatinine clearance (Group 1: CrCl >$90mL/min/1.73m^2$, Group 2: CrCl <$90mL/min/1.73m^2$). We measured serum creatinine, cystatin C, and creatinine clearance. We calculated GFR using the Schwartz, Counahan, Filler and Lepage, Bokencamp et al, and Grubb et al formulas. Results : GFR determined by the Schwartz formula had the highest correlation to creatinine clearance (r=0.415, P=0.00). GFR determined by various formulas using cystatin C had lower correlation to creatinine clearance (r=0.187, r=0.187, r=0.291). The Schwartz and Counahan formulas showed greater diagnostic accuracy in detecting decreased GFR than cystatin C in group 2 (areas under the curve: Schwartz, 0.596; Counahan, 0.572; Filler, 0.512; Bokencamp, 0.508; and Grubb, 0.514). Conclusion : GFR determined by the Schwartz and Counahan formulas using serum creatinine showed higher correlation coefficient than that determined by formulas using cystatin C. The formulas using cystatin C were not superior to those using serum creatinine in detecting decreased GFR. Cystatin C measurement was not satisfactory for assessing GFR in patients whose renal function was not severely decreased.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2002

This reserch was focused upon experimental study for wastewater reuse and conducted to evaluate optimum operating conditions of rapid filtration process such as filter flow rate, filtration time and backwashing condition for reuse of secondary-treated effluent using the pilot plant installed in real wastewater treatment plant. Also, the experiment on treatment char-acteristics of coagulant-added activated sludge process was performed to compare with activated sludge succeeded to rapid filtration. As the filtration velocity was 100m/day, the filtration time of the rapid filter connected with activated sludge system was revealed to 40 hours. Backwashing of filter was conducted by water wash and air scour. The optimum backwashing time and backwash flow rate were 10min and 10LPM, respectively. The quantity of backwashing water of the rapid filter was about 2% of total treated water.

• Proceedings of the KTCVS Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.174-174
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.116-117
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• 2015

수소가 없는 고경도 카본막의 수요가 증대됨에 따라, 자장 여과 아크법으로 증착되는 ta-C막을 1um 이상 증착하는 공정 기술에 대한 연구 내용을 발표하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.745-753
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• 2001

capillary leak syndrome and organ dysfunction in infants. Removing harmful cytokines and complement anaphylatoxins after cardiopulmonary bypass may attenuate this response. This study was conducted to see if the modified ultrafiltration and postoperative peritoneal dialysis can reduce plasma inflammatory mediators in pediatric cardiac surgery. Material and Method: 30 infants (age 1.1 to 12.6 months) who underwent closures of ventricular septal defect using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into three groups; 10 patients selected randomly underwent modified ultrafiltration (Group U), 10 with small body weights ($\leq$5 kg) received postoperative peritoneal dialysis (Group P), and 10 patients did not undergo modified ultrafiltration nor receivcd peritoneal dialysis (Group C). Serum samples were obtained before and after CPB, and after peritoneal dialysis. Effluents sample were also obtained after modified ultrafiltration or peritoneal dialysis. C3a and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively. Result: There was no differences in CPB time, aortic cross-clamping title, and lowest temperature during CPB. The effluents of peritoneal dialysis contained significant amount of C3a and IL-6, but there was no definitive decrease of serum concentration of C3a and IL-6. The effluents of modified ultrafiltration had some amount of C3a and negligible IL-6, and there was no decrease of serum concentration of these (actors. Conclusion: The effluents of peritoneal dialysis contained significant amount of proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 and complement, C3a. However this study failed to elucidate the decrease in serum levels of these factors. The modified ultrafiltration also was not able to reduce the serum levels of C3a or IL-6 in our study as well.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.317-327
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• 2012

The average specific cake resistance, the most important indicator for cake filtration and solid-liquid separation, is measured by filtration experiment. But the exact value is difficult to measure because of the other influences such as sedimentation during filtration. This study, a little more stable method named filtration-permeation is proposed for measuring average specific cake resistance. The filtration-permeation is composed of permeation of particle eliminated water through pre-formed cake by filtration. Using 1 wt% calcium carbonate suspension, the filtration-permeation experiments were performed for 8 kinds of filter media at the conditions of 0.5 atm and 0.2 atm, 1 and 3 sheets of filter media. At each specific condition, three to five times filtration-permeation were accomplished. As a result, stable permeation speed is measured. According to this experimental result, the characteristics of permeation and the effect of sedimentation are analyzed with Ruth's equation. The one way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) is applied to the average specific cake resistances of filtration and permeation obtained with the selected three kinds of filter media. The average specific cake resistances between 0.5 atm and 0.2 atm by filtration do not distinguished, but those by permeation is perfectly distinguished. The experimental results during permeation have a very narrow distribution than that measured during filtration. The analysis of filtration experiments, it was verified that the resistance of filter medium by traditional method is of no significance. Finally, the migration of small particles through the medium composed of fiber glass at low pressure was studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.431-434
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• 2006

폴리머 라텍스의 탄화와 메탄-질소 혼합가스의 CVD법으로 Carbon whisker를 가진 활성탄막을 개발하였다. 이 막의 PMMA 현탁물질 여과실험과 실제의 현탁물질과 용존유기물을 함유한 오래된 수도관으로부터 얻어진 적수여과실험 결과, Carbon whisker의 유무가 fouling에 의한 막의 flux를 억제하는 것으로 밝혀져, 실제의 정수공정에의 응용 가능성을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.273-288
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• 1991

To elucidate the physiological and biochemical differences between chondrichthyes and osteichthyes, the properties of the specific digestive enzymes in cat-shark, Cephaloscyllium umbratile, and mackerel, Scomber japonicus, were studied. Homogenous trypsin proved through the disc-electrophoresis, SDS-PAG electrophoresis and gel filtration was obtained from the pancreas of cat-shark by $50-70\%$ saturated ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, benzamidine-Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography and Sephadex G-75-120 gel filtration. Two types of trypsins were also obtained from the pyloric caeca of mackerel by $30-70\%$ saturated ammonium sulphate fractionation and the slightly modified procedure from the method adopted in the purification of cat-shark trypsin. The two trypsins, designated trypsin A and B, were proved their homogeneity by disc- and SDS-PAG electrophoresis and gel filtration. The molecular weights of the trypsins were estimated to be 31,700 for cat-shark trypsin, 30,000 for mackerel trypsin A and 29,000 for mackerel trypsin B by SDS-PAG electrophoresis, but those were estimated to be 21,500 for cat-shark trypsin, 23,700 for mackerel trypsin A and 21,500 for mackerel trypsin B by gel filtration. The trypsins exhibited their optimum conditions at pH 9.0 and on temperature ranged from $45^{\circ}C\;to\;50^{\circ}C$ for cat-shark, and at pH 8.0 and a temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ for mackerel trypsin A and B, respectively. The cat-shark trypsin was stable at pH 10.0 and the temperature below $10^{\circ}C$, whereas the mackerel trypsin A and B, were stable in the range over pH 7.0 to pH 9.0 below $10^{\circ}C$ and at pH 8.0 below $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mackerel trypsins were severely inhibited by some heavy metal ions such as $Ag^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;Hg^{2+}$ compared to cat-shark trypsin. All of the enzymes were also inhibited by antipain, leupeptin, TLCK(tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone) and SBTI(soybean trypsin inhibitor) remarkably. The inhibitory effects of PMSF(phenylmethane sulphonylfluoride), DFP(diisopropyl fluorophosphate) and benzamidine were indicated that these enzymes belong to serine-proteases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.254-263
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• 1981

Paper electrophoretic separation of fission products has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. In general, the isolation of rubidium, strontium, zirconium, ruthenium, cesium, cerium, molybdenum, and some short-lived fission products is more efficient under 0.1M HCl electrolyte as compared with 0.1M NaOH electrolyte. In addition to Np-239, 1-131∼135 were, in particular, observed with different iodine chemical species obtained by the paper-electrophoretic separation of short, neutron-irradiated uranyl nitrate solution.