• 약학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1972

The determination method of l-ephedrine and dl-methylephedrine by gas chromatography was developed, using reactive alkaline precolumn packed with celite 545 containing KOH. Symmetrical peaks were achieved under the condition, inlet temperature, $180^{\circ}C$-$230^{\circ}C$; column temperature, $180^{\circ}C$- $160^{\circ}C$; carrier gas flow rate, 30ml/minute. The peaks of the salts coincided with those of bases. When this method was applied to preparations, using d-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde as inner standard, good results were obtained. The relative retention times of l-ephedrine and dl-methylephedrine to p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde were 0.50 and 0.65 respectively.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.761-766
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• 2020

페네틸아민 유도체는 생화학적 작용을 하는 물질로 향정신성 약물로 많이 응용되고 있다. 특히 에페드린, 암페타민, 펜터마인 그리고 도파민과 같은 물질의 정량적 검출과 관련해서는 전기화학적, 진공자외선법, 그리고 가스크로마토그래피법 등의 선행연구가 많이 진행되었다. 그러나 분자 단위의 구조적 특성에 따른 연구는 많이 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 페네틸아민 유도체의 구조적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 (HyperChem8.0, HC)의 반경험적 PM3 방법을 이용하여 에페드린, 암페타민, 펜터마인 그리고 도파민의 전체에너지, 밴드갭, 정전포텐셜, 전하량을 계산하여 각 유도체의 분자구조적 변화에 따른 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 총에너지의 경우 -43,171.8, -32,9538.3, -36,407.3 그리고 -43,061.2 Kcal/mol로 각각 나타났으며 밴드 갭의 경우 10.1637937, 9.9531666, 9.7878002 그리고 9.0589282 eV로 나타났다. 또한, 정전포텐셜의 경우 1.301~-0.045, 1.694~0.299, 0.694~-0.158 그리고 1.587~-0.048로 각각 나타났다. 마지막으로 알짜전하 분포를 살펴보면 산소 원자, 질소 원자 그리고 탄소 원자의 경우 각각 -0.312~-0.242, -0.161~-0.051 그리고 ＋0.13~-0.12로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 페네틸아민 유도체에 공통으로 존재하는 페닐기와 산소 및 질소 원자를 중심으로 화학작용이 진행될 것으로 예상한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.682-688
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• 1999

Abuse liability of ephedrine was investigated by measurement of locomotor activity and self-administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Locomotor activity was determined in rats treated with 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg ephedrine for 14 days. Self-administration by ephedrine (0.23, 1 and 2.3 mg/kg) was examined in food-trained rats. We also examined effect of dopamine receptor antagonist (spiperone, $30{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) on the ephedrine-induced response of self-administration. Body weight was not statistically difference between control and ephedrine treatment group, but locomotor activity was dose-dependently increased. Self-administration for ephedrine was decreased in the early response (day 1 and 2) but the response was increased by higher dose of ephedrine. Self-administration was decreased by dopamine receptor antagonist (spiperone). These data showed that ephedrine increased locomotor activity and induced response of self-administration, and the effects of ephedrine were partially related to the dopaminergic system, which suggest the ephedrine may have abuse liability.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2009

The abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most serious drug abuses in Asia. And, the prevention of precursor production for abuse drug is one of the most effective drug control system. Isotope ratio analysis at natural abundance levels have been used to establish the environmental source or the geographic origin of various biological and nonbiological materials. Ephedrine, the precursor of MA, is produced by one of three methods; extraction from Ephedra plants, full chemical synthesis or via a semi-synthetic process involving the fermentation of sugar, followed by amination. We investigated the origin of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine based on the carbon and nitrogen values for nineteen pharmaceutical powder materials (PPMs) obtained from pharmaceutical company in Korea by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry coupled to an elemental analyser (EA-IRMS). The carbon delta values for the ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were -24.21~-22.72 (mean=-23.72) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$ and -23.79~-22.71 (mean=-23.48) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$. The nitrogen delta values were 3.51~5.55 (4.43) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$ and 2.24~8.22 (5.42) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$. These results indicate that PPMs are semi-synthetic products. Therefore the origins of ephedrine(natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic) could be discriminated by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. we are sure tat this stable isotope ratio analysis can discriminate the origins of precursors of methamphetamine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.170-184
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to summarize randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that have assessed efficacy and safety of mahuang and ephedrine on treatment of obesity and to propose better process of study. Methods: NLM Medline (pubmed), the Cochrane library, Scopus, Science Direct, RISS, KISS were systemically searched for clinical trials investigating the efficacy, safety of mahuang and ephedrine on treatment of obesity from 2000 to 2017. Results: 16 RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. In most reports, mahuang and ephedrine significantly reduced body weight, body fat mass. There were no serious adverse events associated with mahuang and ephedrine in all studies. Conclusions: In appropriate dose of mahuang and ephedrine for healthy adult was safe, and weight loss effect of mahuang and ephedrine was better than control group. Improved clinical practice guidelines should be developed for safe use of mahuang and ephedrine.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2020

Objectives: Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang which contains Ephedra sinica are used to treat obesity in Korean medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantities of ephedrine alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The analysis was performed using a YMC-Triat C18 column with operating at 25℃, and UV detection at 210 nm. The mobile phase used a gradient flow with 0.1% H3PO4 in water and acetonitrile. Specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were measured for validation anaylsis. This method was applied to analyze the quantities of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang. Results: The concentration per Ephedra sinica (gram) of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Ephedra sinica decoction are 4.74±0.22 mg and 2.19±0.10 mg, respectively and in Wolbigachul-tang decoction are 6.39±0.34 mg and 2.97±0.21 mg, respectively. The retention time of ephedrine was 23.6 min and that of pseudoephedrine was 25.8 min, and norephedrine and methylephedrine were not detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, analyzed the concentration of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra sinica and Wolbigachul-tang by the developed validation method.