• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2012

In this study, nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) extract was prepared and skin permeability of the nano-emulsion was evaluated. Nano-emulsion was prepared using homogenizer and microfluidizer by the high-energy method. The droplet size and loading efficiency of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract were determined. The mean droplet size was 238 nm and the loading efficiency was more than 98%. The size distribution of nano-emulsion was a monodispersed form and nano-emulsion was more stable than that of using typical emulsion without using the microfluidizer. The in vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract was carried out using Franz diffusion cells. Compared to 1,3-butylene glycol, nano-emulsion showed greater values of cumulative permeation of ethyl acetate fraction from P. aviculare extract. These results indicate that the stability and skin permeability of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare exerting anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities were enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2021

In this study Orostachys japonica A. Berger used is a medicinal herb that has long been used as a folk remedy for cancer treatment. In this study, the antioxidant efficacy of the ethyl acetate fraction of Orostachys japonica A. Berger was confirmed. The results of the Orostachys japonica A. Berge ethyl acetate fraction of antioxidant activity assays showed Antioxidant effect of Orostachys japonica A. Berger EtOAc fraction extract at 0.10 mg/mL was showed a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 78.54% and ABTS+ radical scavenging rate of 73.48%. Also, the toxicity result of Orostachys japonica A. Berger EtOAc fraction extracts using alternative experimental animal model zebrafish, confirmed a 100% the survival of the zebrafish embryo was shown that there was no coagulation and no hatching delay at all concentrations. also ROS generation induced by UV-B irradiation was confirmed that the fluorescence intensity decreased as a whole in all larvae treated with Orostachys japonica A. Berger EtOAc fraction extracts. In particular, it was confirmed that ROS generation was effectively suppressed by showing a 35.7% reduction rate compared to the positive control at a concentration of 3 ㎍/mL. These results were confirmed that Orostachys japonica A. Berger EtOAc fraction extracts has the possibility of application in the cosmetics field as a natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.479-483
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• 2005

Antioxidative and protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica against oxidative damages induced by glutamate in PC 12 cells were investigated. Inhibitory activity against $FeSO_{4}-H_{2}O_{2}$-induced oxidative stress and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were detected in ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts from stems and roots. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts from roots significantly inhibited glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species in PC 12 cells. These results demonstrate ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts of U. davidiana var. japonica have potent protective effect against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2008

The research was conducted to identify the antimicrobial effect, anti-oxidative effect and tyrosinase inhibitory effect of MeOH 80% extract and n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions from the extract of six kinds of compositae plants, which are naturally grown across the nation. In the antimicrobial effect, the extract and chloroform fraction of Arctium lappa and hexane/ethyl acetate fractions of Taraxacum platycarpum exhibited significant inhibition. In case of antioxidant effect, the extract of Artemisia capillaries showed the highest effect and ethyl acetate/butanol fractions of all plants showed about 90%, which fractions were more polar than the fractions that showed antimicrobial effect. In case of tyrosinase activity, only the MeOH 80% of Arctium lappa among the extracts showed a potent inhibition, and butanol fraction of Chrysanthemum indicum, as well as ethyl acetate/water fractions of Artemisia capillaries showed 48, 38, and 37% respectively, which were higher than control group (arbutin). These active fractions in tyrosinase inhibition also were higher polarity than those that showed antimicrobial effect. In MeOH 80% extracts, only Arctium lappa was found to have antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, however there was no fraction to show effects commonly in the three assay system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2012

In this study, methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared from Prunus davidiana (Carriere) Franch. fruit. Antioxidative activities, polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were evaluated. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidative activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 5.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 88.1 ${\mu}g/mL$ for DPPH radical and nitrite scavenging, respectively, which were comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Further, total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction with $IC_{50}$ values of 244.5 mg/g and 210.2 mg/g, respectively. $IC_{50}$ values for tyrosinase inhibitory activity were 0.310 mg/mL and 0.329 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions, respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of Prunus davidiana (Carriere) Franch. fruit could be used as a functional material in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

To develope natural food preservatives, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from the Lentinus edodes and antimicrobial activities were examined against 10 microorganisms which were food borne pathogens and / or food poisoning microorganisms and food-related bacteria and yeasts. Ethanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activities for the microorganisms tested, but not on lactic acid bacteria and yeast Especially, minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) for Escherichia coli were as low as 0.5 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was stable by the heating at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and not affected by pH. The ethanol extract of Lentinus edodes exhibiting high antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity adjust bacteria tested was found in the ethylacetate fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1071-1075
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• 2003

This study was performed to observe the antioxidative and genotoxic effect of the fractions from Inonotus obliquus using DPPH test and micronucleus assay. Stepwise fractionation of the ethanol extract from Inonotus obliquus was done by using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water to obtain effective fraction. Each fraction was tested in 1.5 ${\times}$ 10$^{-4}$ DPPH. Among six fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest electron donating activities (46.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). The results on genotoxic effects on insoluble fractions and most of fractions showed cytotoxic effects more than 90% activity. These results suggest that some components contained in the Inonotus obliquus showed such activities and much more studies have to perform.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to investigate the physiological activities, including antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pholiota adiposa. The antioxidative activities of the water extract and water fraction were 57.57% and 48.27%, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity was strong only in the ethyl acetate fraction at 0.70 plasmin units/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high thrombin inhibitory activity, and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 77.67% and 89.32%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction hydrolyzed both $A{\alpha}$ and $B{\beta}$ subunits of human fibrinogen, but did not show reactivity for the ${\gamma}$ form of human fibrinogen. Fibrinolytic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was not decreased by heating for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

Antimicrobial activities of grape seed ethanol extract and its serial solvent fractions were investigated against various food poisoning microorganisms. The grape seed ethanol extract showed dose dependant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372 or Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, whereas had limited effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3080, Salmonella enteritidis IFO 3313 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Ethylacetate and butanol fractions ameng the serial solvent fractions of grape seed ethanol extract contained the catechin at the levels of 35.7 mg/g and 20.2 mg/g, respectively. Nevertheless, the butanol fraction of grape seed ethanol extract showed intense antimicrobial activity compared with the ethylacetate fraction on all microorganisms tested. It was found that the butanol fraction was mainly composed of oligomeric or polymeric polyphenols such as condensed tannins by the fractionation on C l8 cartridge according to the difference in the degree of polymerization. Therefore, it seems that the antimicrobial activity of grape seed ethanol extract is related to the degree of polymerization of proanthocyanidin as well as the total content of flavan-3-ol composing the proanthocyanidin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.309-320
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• 2017

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Annona muricata leaf were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total antioxidant capacities were estimated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and $^1O_2$ quenching effects were estimated. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 45.6, 29.8 and $18.0{\mu}g/mL$, and total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were 4.4, 1.1 and $2.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. As a result of $^1O_2$ quenching experiment, ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction showed similar activities to L-ascorbic acid used as a comparative control. The cellular protective effects of 50% ethanol extract on the $^1O_2-induced$ cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at concentration-dependent ($5-50{\mu}g/mL$). TLC and HPLC were used to analyse components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of Annona muricata leaf. In ethyl acetate fraction, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, nicotiflorin (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), p-coumaric acid were identified. In aglycone fraction, kaempferol was identified. These results suggest that the extracts of Annona muricata leaf have the applicability as antioxidant cosmeceutical ingredients.