• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 1989

This study was carried out on 10 persons of female farmers to determine the energy expenditure of agricultural work. Their mean age was 44 year-old, mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion was 11.3g, and creatinine excretion was 0.183g. The energy metabolism was determined by indirect calorimetry using Douglas bag and Scholander's gas analyzer. The measured basal metabolism was 1,273 kcal per day and rest metabolism was 1,614 kcal per day. To remove seedling from the seedplot, they spent 2.479kcal per minute, to weed 2.805kcal/min, and to reap with sickle 4.58kcal/min. Energy expenditure of the same work, only sitting on the stool, was significantly reduced. Prolonged work did not change energy expenditure per minute significantly.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 2014

Oriental pear (Pyrus communis L. cv 'Niitaka') was stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 5 months and major metabolites involved in blackening of the peel were analyzed by untargeted GC-MS and targeted HPLC methods. In this study, peels of sound and skin-blackened pears were analyzed and compared. Skin-blackened fruit was clearly characterized by a distinctive pattern in changes which included a decrease of malic acid, succinic acid, and ascorbic acid, while an increase of fumaric acid, threonine, and gluconic acid, which indicated both reduced metabolic activity and anti-oxidative capacity of the cells. Chlorogenic acid was a major phenolic compound and the peel of sound fruit showed high levels of free phenolic compounds compared than the peel of skin-blackened fruit which are believed to be related to oxidation of phenolics in skin-blackened tissue. The changes or profiling of major metabolites by targeted or untargeted analysis method could become a useful tool for understanding physiology, disorder mechanism, and identifying metabolic networks connecting primary and secondary metabolism in postharvest research.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.540-545
• /
• 1982

An energy metabolism study was conducted with two commercial strains of meat-type chickens, Hubbard and Cobb, and two egg strains, Hy Line and Korean-bred Hanhyup 325. The heat production of growing chickens from each strain were measured by the use of an open-circuit gravimetric respiration calorimeter. The data obtained from this study were summarized as fallows. 1. The average body weight of 9-wk-old Hubbard broilers reared in battery cages was 2,570g/bird. The average body weights of 9-wk-old Hy Line chicks and Hanhyup 325 were 777 and 748g/bird, respectively. 2. At 3 weeks of age, the Hubbard broiler chicks consumed two times the feed consumed by Hy Line chicks (54.6g VS. 26.7g/bird/day). These values increased to 151g and 57.2g/bird/day, respectively, at 8 weeks of age, indicating that the difference in feed intake between meat and egg-type chicks tends to increase as they grow older. In terms of water consumption, the 5-wk-old Hubbard broiler chicks drank $226m{\ell}/bird/day$ as compared with $58m{\ell}$ by Hy Line chicks. These values increased to 282 and $70m{\ell}$, respectively, at 8 weeks of age. 3. The excreta outputs of Hubbard broilers and Hy Line chicks were 18.7 and 6.1g DM/bird/day at 4 weeks of age, and 41.5 and 10.0g DM/bird/day at 8 weeks of age, respectively. 4. The energy metabolizability of broiler chicks were 75.4~77.1% compared to 75.0~83.5% by egg-type chicks. 5. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was between 0.78 and 0.97. There seems to be no difference in RQ between meat and egg-type chicks. The RQ tended to decrease when feed intake was low and vice versa. 6. Both meat and egg-type chicks produced $83.1{\sim}123.1Kcal/kg^{\frac{3}{4}}B.W./day$. The considerably low value of $83Kcal/kg^{\frac{3}{4}}B.W./day$ was obtained when the chicks were off the feed under the stressful conditions. The high value of 123.1Kcal was obtained when the chicken chamber temperature rose to $27{\sim}34^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.301-312
• /
• 1982

A series of growing and digestion trials was conducted using Sprague- Dawley weanling male rats in order to determine the effects of two protein sources (casein and ISP (isolated soyprotein) ), three protein levels (10, 20 and 30%), and two feeding patterns (ad libitum and meal feeding) on the growth, protein and energy metabolism, and body composition of rats. The total energy level of experimental diets was kept constant in 3,600 kcal ME /kg diet. The results were as follows : 1) The amount of food intake and the weight gain of meal-fed group were lower than those of ad libitum group. Though the intake of meal-fed group on 20 and 30% casein diet was only 85% of ad libitum group, it was able to gain as much as ad libitum group. 2) There were no significant differences in the food efficiency ratio (FER) and the energy efficiency (weight gain per 100 kcal GE intake) between ad libitum and meal feeding group. The FER and the energy efficiency of 20 and 30% casein diets of meal-fed group were greater than those of ad libitum group. 3) Though the gross energy intake (GE ), the digestible energy (DE) and the metabolizable energy (ME) tended to be lower at meal-fed group, the DE/GE and the ME/GE ratios for meal-fed group were the same as those for ad libitum. 4) Though meal- fed group fed less amount of nitrogen than ad libitum group, there were no differences in nitrogen balance and the retention of rats among the treatments. Actually meal-fed group retained more nitrogen than ad libitum group at the levels of 20 and 30% dietary protein. 5) After growing and digestion trials, the body composition of rats was constant among all treatments. Significantly high negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.77) was found between the body fat content and the body moisture content. Consequently, this study suggests that meal- fed group on 20 and 30% casein diets has shown more effective utilization of the ingested food and energy than ad libitum group, and increasing tendency of weight gain and the body fat deposition. Those influences of meal feeding pattern in rats were more effective on the casein diet than on the ISP diet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.205-206
• /
• 2002

수서동물은 육상동물과 마찬가지로 섭이 후 소화와 흡수 과정을 통하여 생존 및 대사에 필요한 에너지원을 얻게 되므로 섭이는 생물의 활동에서 매우 중요한 부분이다. 동물들은 다양한 환경 조건에 따라 절식상태에 처하는 경우가 생기게 되고 절식시 이들은 행동, 생리 및 생화학적 방법으로 이러한 어려움을 극복하고자 노력하는데 이 때에는 생체내에 축적된 에너지원을 이용하게 된다 (Weatherley and Gill, 1987). (중략)

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.383-394
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to identify dietary factors related to metabolic syndrome in middle aged Korean men who were participants in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES IV) in 2007. Methods: The study targeted 361 of the 709 men aged between 40 and 64 years for a final analysis; the other 348 surveys had incomplete data which did not allow for the determination of metabolic syndrome. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III(NCEP ATP III). Results: There were significant differences in the metabolic syndrome of middle-aged men according to age, smoking pack-years, and number of resturant meals per week. Dietary factors such as vitamins, riboflavin, natrium, carbohydrate, protein and lipid intakes were not significant. Conclusions: It was verified that metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men is related to age, smoking pack-years and number of resturant meals per week. Dietary factors were not significantly related. However, further detailed studies in this area are needed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.324-331
• /
• 2015

Thyroid hormones are essential for cellular energy homeostasis and regulation by interacting with the sympathetic nervous system. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone and risk factors of metabolic syndrome for medical checkups of male patients. The study subjects were 12,250 males between 20~80 years old who visited the hospital for a health check-up at one General Hospital in Gyeonggi-do during the period of January 2011 to December 2013. According to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), the metabolic syndrome criteria is defined as the presence of 3 or more risk factors. FT4 was lower in the metabolic syndrome group than in the normal group (p<0.001). The level of FT4 decreased as the levels of abdominal obesity (p=0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p<0.001), blood pressure (p=0.005) and blood glucose (p=0.005) increased. The TSH level increased hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.047). FT4 had an influence on the waist circumference and triglyceride (p<0.001). HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP were higher in the lowest quartile than in the highest quartile (p<0.001). FT4 had effects on the waist circumference and triglyceride, but TSH had no effect on metabolic syndrome risk factors. The metabolic syndrome was lower in the highest quartile of FT4 than in its lowest quartile.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2015

This study was to investigate the effect of high energy diet on characteristics of Hanwoo steers distributed by estimated breeding value (EBV). The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of high energy diet on the high and low beef group distributed by EBV for quality grades. We hypothesized that high energy diet is able to increase quality traits in high EBV groups when fed a high energy diet. A $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement (High energy, control vs high EBV, low EBV) in a completely random design was used to feed 26 Hanwoo steers. Blood was drawn from each steers from 11 to 28 months. ADG and feed efficiency were not different between high energy and control diet (P>0.05). The level of DMI was greater at calf and early fattening diet in low EBV groups (P<0.05). Serum glucose and tryglyceride conecntrations were increased (P<0.05) by high EBV group from 22 to 28 month old. Serum NEFA concentration were plateau at 24 months at high EBV group and steady reduced by high energy diet (P<0.05). This data indicated that high energy diets increased serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations of high EBV steers at final fattening period.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1994.10a
• /
• pp.27-28
• /
• 1994

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.44
• /
• pp.64-78
• /
• 1995

영양은 신진대사 기능을 조절하고 신체 및 정신 활동으로 소모된 부분을 보충하여 생명체가 존속하고 활동하는데 반드시 필요한 양분이다. 또한 영양소는 대사작용에 이용되는 기본 물질이며 탄수화물, 지방, 무기질, 비타민, 수분 등의 6가지가 있다. 신체의 정상적인 기능과 효율적인 작용에 영향을 미치는 영양소는 그 작용에 따라 주영양소인 근 수축에 필요한 에너지를 공급하는 열량소, 부영양소인 생리적 작용을 조절하여 질병을 예방하는 조절소, 그리고 신체 기관과 조직을 구성하는 구성소로 구성된다.(중략)