• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.138.1-138.1
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• 2010

정부는 그린홈 100만호 보급 사업에서 연료전지의 보급 목표를 2010년 200대 2011년 300대, 2012년 500대로 결정하였고 이에 따라 2012년까지 누적 보급대수가 1000대에 달할 전망이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 상업화 되어있는 국내업체의 1kW급 가정용 연료전지 시스템을 2009년에 도입되는 것으로 가정하여 경제성평가를 수행하였다. 분석의 편의상 2009년 서울 지역 난방면적 $100m^2$을 기준으로 전제하였고, 대표가정의 전기와 열수요는 CES 소형 열병합 사업 타당성 분석 프로그램(GS파워, 2006)을 활용하여 구했다. 비용의 경우 기존 보일러의 설비가격은 60만원이며 연료전지시스템의 설비가격은 1200만원이다. 다만 연료전지의 고가 소모품인 스택은 2007년 발간된 한국에너지 기술연구원의 신재생에너지 경제성평가 보고서를 인용하여 스택의 수명은 5년, 교체비용은 1000만 원이나 5년마다 30%의 비용 하락을 전제하였다. 또한, 연료전지시스템의 수명을 20년으로 가정하였으며 할인율은 5.5%를 가정하였다. 한편, 가정용 연료전지의 최적 운전방안을 찾기 위해서 기존 설비를 이용한 비용과 전기추종운전, 열추종운전의 시뮬레이션을 수행한 뒤 세가지 결과를 시간대별로 비교함으로써 최적의 시간대별 운전방식을 선택하는 복합추종운전의 비용을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션결과, 기존 설비 이용 시 에너지 비용은 1,934,864원으로 분석된 반면 연료전지를 이용한 전기추종은 1,123,691원, 열추종은 1,180,425원, 복합추종은 1,121,174원으로 계산되었다. 한편 편익면에서는 복합추종운전시 813,690원의 편익이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었으며 B/C ratio의 결과는 0.405로 현재로서는 연료전지 시스템이 경제성이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 정부는 연료전지의 보급목표와 민간 주도의 자생적인 시장형성을 촉진하기 위해서 단순 설치 보조금 이외에 연료전지시스템과 스택의 비용을 획기적으로 저감 시킬 수 있는 기술개발을 촉진하는 정책 병행이 필요해 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2017

In 2012, Korea introduced a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) scheme, replacing the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme as a market support policy of renewable energy in the electricity market. RPS is to allocate obligatory quota of renewable energy sources for electricity suppliers, whereas FIT is to guarantee high prices for electricity from renewable energy sources. This study examines the effect of this policy change on solar photovoltaic market. According to the study, solar PV market grew fast under FIT as well as under RPS. However, under RPS the size of subsidy for solar PV suppliers was shrunk substantially. In addition, market risk increased severly under RPS due to the volatility of price of renewable energy certificate (REC) as well as of the electricity market price. The small and medium suppliers of solar PV were suffered the most severly from these policy effects. Therefore, the policy reform of RPS is needed to alleviate the market risk of small and medium suppliers of solar PV.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.58-60
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• 2007

국내 신재생에너지의 보급은 정부 보조금 지원을 통해 국내 지역별로 다양한 형태, 발전 용량으로 보급되고 있다. 그 중에서도 태양광 발전의 주택보급과 산간지역의 풍력발전 보급은 발전 규모와 설비가 대형화 되어 가고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 발전 시스템 지원을 위한 지역 기후 현황 분석과 발전 시스템과의 연계를 통해 특성을 분석하고자 하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.653-660
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• 2021

Renewable energy resources are rapidly becoming an integral part of electricity generation portfolios around the world due to declining costs, government subsidies, and corporate sustainability goal. Interacting wind, solar, and load forecast errors can create significant unpredictable impacts on the distribution system, feeder congestion, voltage standard and reactive power stability margins. These impacts will be increasing with the increasing penetration levels of variable renewable generation in the power systems. There is a limit to the maximum amount of renewable energy sources that can be connected in a distribution feeder by the connection rule of transmission & distribution facility in Korea. This study represents the decision plans of hosting capacity for distribution feeders without the need for significant upgrades to the existing transmission infrastructure. Especially, the paper suggests and discusses the hosting capacity standard of feeder cables and minimum load calculation of distribution feeders.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.175-210
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• 2012

As London and post-Koyto protocols presumably affect emission of organic waste in Korea in 2012, appropriate treatment of organic waste becomes very important. Organic wastes are regarded as non-point pollutants. It has been criticized that direct emission charges on the emission of non-point pollutants are not effective due to the high uncertainty in the relationship between pollution sources and pollution levels. This study suggests indirect emission charges on production of livestocks or consumption on foods. Furthermore, it is assumed that revenue from the emission charges will be recycled to support biogas production. Biogas can be fueled to produce energy. In order to evaluate potential economic and environmental impacts of recycling the indirect emission charges on organic wastes, a static CGE model was developed. Simulation results of emission charges on the production of livestock show that livestock, agriculture, and food industry will confront relatively high burden while emission charges on consumption of food will affect more broadly and consumers will suffer more. Production charge on livestock sector will lead to higher reduction in GDP and total expenditure relative to the consumption charge. GHGs reduction effect was higher for the consumption charge relative to the production charge. Synthetically, consumption charge on food sector is more desirable as an alternative charge for the emission of organic wastes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.486-492
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• 2017

In recent years, renewable energy sources have been mentioned as solution to environmental regulation and energy supply-demand. Energy storage systems are needed to mitigate the intermittent output characteristics of renewable energy sources and to operate micro grid efficiently using renewable energy generation systems. However, despite the necessity of energy storage system, this cannot secure the economical efficiency of the energy storage system by high initial cost. In this paper, a micro grid is constructed to supply electric power to industrial customers by using solar power generation system and energy storage system among renewable energy generation power sources and operated to improve energy independence. In the case study, we use photovoltaic system which is representative renewable energy generation system. Unlike conventional photovoltaic system, this system uses floating photovoltaic system with the advantage of having high output and no land area limitations. It is operated for the purpose of improving energy independence in the micro grid. In order to secure economical efficiency, the energy storage system operates a micro grid with a minimum capacity. Finally, this paper calculates the appropriate subsidy for the energy storage capacity.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-72
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• 2009

To analyze the direct and indirect $CO_2$ emission structure according to industries in Korea, a hybrid IO table quantifying the section of energy in the IO table is needed. However, the results of the recent researches revealed differences in the total amount of $CO_2$ emission by researchers in addition to significant standard deviation in industrial distribution. This study intends to make comparative analysis of the existing method of making an IO table for energy and environment and presents an improvement scheme to contribute to an improvement in calculation of the total amount of $CO_2$ emission and estimation of the emission by industries in Korea. For this purpose, division was made into use as raw materials of energy and that as fuel and a new hybrid IO table was made by removing confounding factors caused by the product tax and subsidies. As a result, the oil and coal industry emitted 5.2 times less $CO_2$ after removing energy inputted as raw materials from the transaction table than before. The amount of $CO_2$ emission estimated by using the IO table based on basic price was found to be 2.7% less than by using the IO table based on the producer price.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2010

It was measured engine power, specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions to analyze fuel economy between LNG dual fuel vehicle and base diesel one. The tested LNG dual fuel engine is converted from diesel engine having 12 liter heavy duty class. The power of LNG dual fuel engine is 5% lower than diesel one and the engine efficiency is also lower than diesel case. However the exhaust emission of diesel engine such as PM, NOx, CO and $CO_2$ showed higher than that of LNG duel fuel case except NMHC component. And economical analysis were carried out two cases for an aspect of fuel economy and environmental benefit. As a result, LNG dual fuel vehicle gives some economic benefit to whom both business party and public side respectively though considering the subsidy and price discount for diesel.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.693-712
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• 2006

A pre-feasibility test is done for renewable energy hybrid power systems at off~grid islands in which the current power supply is provided only by diesel generation. We apply Homer (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) which was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the analysis to identify the cost-minimizing combination of power generating facilities for the given load profiles. Chuja-Do, Geomun-Do and Youngsan-Do have been selected for our analysis considering the wind resources data of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). Information on wind speed, solar radiation and temperature is also used for the analysis. System component cost information from overseas market has been used due to the lack of domestic information. Site specific Load profile for electricity demand for those islands are reconstructed based on the partial survey results obtained form other sources. The LCOE of the least cost hybrid power systems for Chuja-Do, Geomun-Do and Youngsan-Do are $0.278/kWh, $0.234/kWh and $0.353/kWh, respectively Considering the fact that diesel generation is being subsidized at the price of $0.300/kWh by the government, first 2 cases are economically feasible for the introduction of renewable energy hybrid systems to those islands. But the third case of Youngsan-Do does not meet the criteria. The basic differences of these pre-feasibility test results are from the differences of the site specific renewable energy conditions, especially wind resources. In summary, promoting hybrid systems in the off-grid remote island should be based on the economic feasibility test results. Not all the off-grid islands are feasible for introducing this renewable energy hybrid system.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2016

This article reports current status of micro fuel cell-combined heat and power (${\mu}FC$-CHP) systems which utilize both power and heat generated by fuel cells. There are several options for constructing CHP systems and among them, fuel cells are the most useful and their total energy efficiency combining heat and power can reach up to about 90%. Fuel cells are classified as five types based on the electrolyte, but the most suitable fuel cell types for the ${\mu}FC$-CHP system are proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems have several advantages such as decrease of the transmission-distribution loss, reduced costs of electricity due to distributed power generation, and environmental-friendliness owing to zero emission. The main drawback of the ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems is the high initial investment, however, it keeps decreasing as the technology development reduces production costs. Currently, Japan is the most leading country of the ${\mu}FC$-CHP market, however, Korea tries to expand the market by planning the deployment of 1 million units of ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems and governmental subsidiary supporting of half of the install price. In this report, integration technologies for connecting FC and CHP, and technology trends of leading countries are presented as well.