• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.359-362
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 원거리에서 촬영한 영상을 가지고 얼굴 인식의 전처리 과정인 얼굴 영역 검출에 관한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 원거리에서 촬영된 영상은 얼굴에 대한 특징 정보가 부족하여 검출 및 판별이 어려웠으나 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘을 적용하면 적은 정보만을 가지고 얼굴 검출 및 판별이 가능하다. 제안된 알고리즘은 피부색에 대한 색상 정보와 명암 정보를 이용하여 얼굴 영역을 추출하였고, 추출된 얼굴 영역으로부터 눈, 코, 입뿐만 아니라 이마 영역도 검출함으로써 얼굴 검출 효율을 개선하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.279-286
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 출입국자 관리의 효율성과 체계적인 출입국 관리를 위하여 위조 여권을 판별할 수 있는 지능형 여권 얼굴 인증 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 지능형 여권 얼굴 인증 시스템은 여권 이미지에서 여권 코드 문자열을 인식하여 여권 사용자의 사진 및 관련 정보를 여권 데이터베이스에서 추출한다. 추출된 출입국자의 사진 및 얼굴과 여권에 부착된 사진 및 얼굴과의 유사도 측정을 통하여 여권 사진의 위조 여부을 판단한다. 이때, 이미지의 유사도 측정을 위해서 다양한 실험을 통한 결과를 종합 분석해 본 결과 사진 영역의 인증에는 Luminance, Edge, RGB 특징이, 얼굴 영역의 인증을 위해서는 Hue, YIQ-I, YCbCr-Cb 특징이 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며 사진 영역의 유사도와 얼굴영역의 유사도가 모두 0.8이상인 경우 정상적인 여권으로 판정하고 그렇지 않은 경우 위조가 되었을 가능성이 있는 여권으로 판정하는 방법을 사용하여 FAR 3.1%, FRR 2.7%의 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.423-433
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• 2008

The surface curvatures extracted from the face contain the most important personal facial information. In particular, the face shape using the depth information represents personal features in detail. In this paper, we develop a method for recognizing the range face images by combining the multiple face regions using fuzzy integral. For the proposed approach, the first step tries to find the nose tip that has a protrusion shape on the face from the extracted face area and has to take into consideration of the orientated frontal posture to normalize. Multiple areas are extracted by the depth threshold values from reference point, nose tip. And then, we calculate the curvature features: principal curvature, gaussian curvature, and mean curvature for each region. The second step of approach concerns the application of eigenface and Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) method to reduce the dimension and classify. In the last step, the aggregation of the individual classifiers using the fuzzy integral is explained for each region. In the experimental results, using the depth threshold value 40 (DT40) show the highest recognition rate among the regions, and the maximum curvature achieves 98% recognition rate, incase of fuzzy integral.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

Most face recognition systems are based on 2D images and applied in many applications. However, it is difficult to recognize a face when the pose varies severely. Therefore, head pose estimation is an inevitable procedure to improve recognition rate when a face is not frontal. In this paper, we propose a novel head pose estimation algorithm for 3D face recognition. Given the 3D range image of an unknown face as an input, we automatically extract facial feature points based on the face curvature. We propose an Error Compensated Singular Value Decomposition (EC-SVD) method based on the extracted facial feature points. We obtain the initial rotation angle based on the SVD method, and perform a refinement procedure to compensate for remained errors. The proposed algorithm is performed by exploiting the extracted facial features in the normaized 3D face space. In addition, we propose a 3D nearest neighbor classifier in order to select face candidates for 3D face recognition. From simulation results, we proved the efficiency and validity of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

This work presents o novel method which extract facial region und features from motion picture automatically and controls the 3D facial expression in real time. To txtract facial region and facial feature points from each color frame of motion pictures a new nonparametric skin color model is proposed rather than using parametric skin color model. Conventionally used parametric skin color models, which presents facial distribution as gaussian-type, have lack of robustness for varying lighting conditions. Thus it needs additional work to extract exact facial region from face images. To resolve the limitation of current skin color model, we exploit the Hue-Tint chrominance components and represent the skin chrominance distribution as a linear function, which can reduce error for detecting facial region. Moreover, the minimal facial feature positions detected by the proposed skin model are adjusted by using edge information of the detected facial region along with the proportions of the face. To produce the realistic facial expression, we adopt Water's linear muscle model and apply the extended version of Water's muscles to variation of the facial features of the 3D face. The experiments show that the proposed approach efficiently detects facial feature points and naturally controls the facial expression of the 3D face model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

AAM has been successfully applied to face alignment, but its performance is very sensitive to initial values. In this paper, we propose a face alignment method using progressive AAM. The proposed method consists of two stages; modelling and relation derivation stage and fitting stage. Modelling and relation derivation stage first builds two AAM models; the inner face AAM model and the whole face AAM model and then derive the relation matrix between the inner face AAM model parameter vector and the whole face AAM model parameter vector. The fitting stage is processed progressively in two phases. In the first phase, the proposed method finds the feature parameters for the inner facial feature points of a new face, and then in the second phase it localizes the whole facial feature points of the new face using the initial values estimated utilizing the inner feature parameters obtained in the first phase and the relation matrix obtained in the first stage. Through experiments, it is verified that the proposed progressive AAM-based face alignment method is more robust with respect to pose, and face background than the conventional basic AAM-based face alignment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a face recognition system using AAM and Gabor feature vectors. EBGM, which is prominent among face recognition algorithms employing Gabor feature vectors, requires localization of facial feature points where Gabor feature vectors are extracted. However, localization of facial feature points employed in EBGM is based on Gator jet similarity and is sensitive to initial points. Wrong localization of facial feature points affects face recognition rate. AAM is known to be successfully applied to localization of facial feature points. In this paper, we propose a facial feature point localization method which first roughly estimate facial feature points using AAM and refine facial feature points using Gabor jet similarity-based localization method with initial points set by the facial feature points estimated from AAM, and propose a face recognition system based on the proposed localization method. It is verified through experiments that the proposed face recognition system using the combined localization performs better than the conventional face recognition system using the Gabor similarity-based localization only like EBGM.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.2008-2011
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• 2003

얼굴인식의 전처리 단계는 주위의 배경으로부터 얼굴 영상을 분리하여 분석해야 한다. 이러한 전처리 단계는 환경적 요인으로 인해 많은 어려움을 가지고 있다. 또한, 개인별 특징의 차이, 얼굴의 기울어짐과 회전각도 및 영상내의 얼굴 크기 등으로 인해 어려움이 존재한다. 원영상을 입력받아 피부색을 통해 얼굴영역을 검출해 내어 사람의 표정변화에 가장 강인한 코 부분을 추출하여 워터쉐이드 변환을 하여 각 개인마다 다르게 가지고 있는 코의 패턴의 데이터를 저장하여 얼굴 인식에 이용할 수 있는 인자 값으로 이용한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 얼굴인식의 특징값을 코의 패턴을 이용하여 인식함으로써 다른 논문에서 제시하고 있는 눈의 특징이나 얼굴 각의 특징의 단점을 극복하여 보다 정화한 얼굴 인식을 할 수 있는 전처리 방법을 제시한다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

This paper presents a new system for facial expression recognition based in dimension model of internal states. The information of facial expression are extracted to the three steps. In the first step, Gabor wavelet representation extracts the edges of face components. In the second step, sparse features of facial expressions are extracted using fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering algorithm on neutral faces, and in the third step, are extracted using the Dynamic Model(DM) on the expression images. Finally, we show the recognition of facial expression based on the dimension model of internal states using a multi-layer perceptron. The two dimensional structure of emotion shows that it is possible to recognize not only facial expressions related to basic emotions but also expressions of various emotion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1827-1835
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• 2010

In this paper, facial feature areas in user picture are created by facial feature points extracted by ASM(Active Shape Model). In a existing virtual make-up application, users manually select a few features that are exactly. Users are uncomfortable with this method. We propose a virtual makeup application using ASM that does not require user input. In order to express a natural makeup, the modified alpha blendings for each cosmetic are used to blend skin color with cosmetic color. The Virtual makeup application was implemented to apply Foundation, Blush, Lip Stick, Lip Liner, Eye Pencil, Eye Liner and Eye Shadow.