• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary behavior of middle school and high school students who had working mothers with students whose mothers were not employed. Self-reports on their dietary behavior and one-day dietary records were obtained from 396 middle school students and 364 high school students using anonymous questionnaires. The results were summarized as follows; the students with working mothers were more likely to not to eat properly and their dietary behavior was generally inadequate, showing a greater irregularity for meals, more of a tendency to skip breakfast, less diversity of food intake, and a higher incidence of drinking and smoking. One-day dietary records obtained by 24k recall methods showed less diverse food intake and a higher rate of skipped meals in students with working mothers. Drinking and smoking were more prevalent among middle school students whose mothers were working than among those students with unemployed mothers, but in the case of high school student the difference was not significant. With more and more housewives seeking jobs, more attention needs to be given to the dietary and nutritional intake of their children, especially among middle school students. High school students seem to be less affected than middle school students by their mother's employment.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health promoting behavior between working and non-working mothers with infants and toddlers, and to investigate factors affecting the mothers'health promoting behavior. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted through conveniently sampled 403 women who visited the child health clinics at two public health centers. The questionnaire included the Health Promoting Life Style Profile (HPLP) and a visual analogue scale for subjective health status. ANCOVA, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were conducted using SPSS ver. 21. Results: Working mothers' average HPLP score ($2.30{\pm}0.37$) was higher than non-working mother's ($2.15{\pm}0.37$). The score of the physical activity subscale was lowest among the subscales and there was a difference between the two groups. Subjective mental health status was the only predictor of working mothers'health promoting behavior, and it explained 23.2% of variance in health promoting behavior. Subjective mental health status, education, and age were the predictors of non-working mothers' health promoting behavior and they explained 27.2% of variance in health promoting behavior. Conclusion: According to the findings, both working and non-working mothers' health promoting behaviors were low. To promote mothers' health, it is necessary to develop diverse community health promotion programs to support mothers.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

This study explored the differences in fathers' involvement in child-rearing according to various family socio-demographic variables (fathers education level, income, mothers employment, preschooler's sex and age) and preschoolers' temperaments and examined the relationship between fathers' involvement in child-rearing and these independent variables (as well as preschooler's temperament). The subjects of the study were 227 fathers whose children were preschoolers between the ages of 3 and 5 attending daycare centers in Keoungbok province, South Korea. Statistical analysis was conducted with the following techniques: two-way ANOVA, interaction effect, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation partial correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression (using SPSS 12.0). Results of the study may be summarized as follows. (1) There was a significant difference in fathers' child-rearing involvement according to the fathers' education level, income, and preschoolers' temperaments. (2) There was a significant interaction effect of mothers' employment and preschoolers' temperaments on fathers' child-rearing involvement. (3) Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that fathers' education mediated the relationship between income and fathers' involvement in child-rearing, and fathers' education and preschoolers' temperaments was also found to have predictive power over fathers' child-rearing involvement.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2010

The purpose of this qualitative research is to explore the intergenerational ambivalence of mothers with preschoolers. Twenty full-time mothers and 19 working mothers were interviewed in depth. Most of the participants who received instrumental support from their mothers showed ambivalence, and especially the working mothers were more likely to feel ambivalence than the full-time mothers. However, participants who received little or no support from their mothers did not report any ambivalent feelings. Their ambivalent feelings came from both their social structure and intrapersonal contradictions. In order to avoid ambivalent feelings, some participants redefined receiving support from their mothers as a positive thing. Meanwhile, the participants who received active support tried to divert their ambivalence by providing child care support for their children, and they showed a 'repayment provision' tendency. Some working mothers and most of the full-time mothers said they would allot 'limited provision' by excluding child care support for their children. Those who were aware of this ambivalence issue sought 'reasonable provision' for their children. Depending on these results, several suggestions are presented to solve the ambivalence.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.337-346
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• 1997

본 연구는 T시에 소재한 1개의 미혼모 보호시설 및 입양시설에서 1996년 11월 1일에서 1997년 4월 30일까지 6개월간 등록된 현행법상 미혼모 74명중 7명을 제외한 67명을 1997년 1월부터 4월까지 4개월간 설문지를 실시 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 미혼모의 연령은 59.7%(40명)가 10대였으며 24세 이하가 95.9%로 높게 나타났다. 학력은 중졸이하였고 임신전 취업상태는 58.2%(39명)였고 이 중 취업미혼모의 44.6%가 사회적으로 하층직업이라 불리는 단순노무직이나 서비스직에 종사하고 있었다. 가출여부에서 62.7%(42명)가 가출한 경험이 있었고 가출연령은 19세 이하가 90.5%였으며, 동기로는 가정불화가 47.6%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 부모의 직업은 자영업에 종사하는 부모가 68.7% 차지했으며 부모가 같은 직업에 대부분 종사하고 있었다. 교육정도는 아버지가 중졸, 어머니는 초졸이었고 부모님의 성에 대한 태도는 폐쇄적이고 미혼모는 개방적이었다. 인공유산을 하지 않은 이유는 시기를 놓쳐서가 37.3%였고 임신이 된 후 누구와 상의 했는가라는 질문에는 친구가 41.8%로 가장 많았다. 대상자 자신의 성에 대한 지식과 피임방법에 대해 이해가 부족했고, 순간적 부정적인 것으로 무관심하거나 냉담한 태도를 보이는 경우가 적지 않았다. 성에 관한 지식 습득은 대부분이 월. 주간잡지가 64.2%로 가장 많았고, 친구가 53.8%, 대중매체가 50.7%, 학교에서가 47.8%, 가정에서는 4%에 불과했다. 성관계의 장소로는 19세이하는 자취집이 45.0%로 가장 많았고, 20세이상에서는 여관이라고 대답한 경우가 48.2%로 가장 많았다. 또한 임신을 알게 된 시기는 20세이상이 19세이하보다 조금 더 일찍 알게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 호기심이 많은 청소년이 성에 대해 잘못된 지식의 습득과 가정의 불화로 10대 미혼모를 급증시키게 하는 계기가 되는 것 같다. 그러므로 가족의 기능을 강화하고, 학교에서의 체계적인 성교육을 실시하여 미혼모를 감소시켜야 되며, 국가와 사회에서도 장기적 근본적 예방대책을 위해서 치료보다 전문적인 방법을 찾아야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2014

본 연구는 한국영양학회 한국암웨이에서 2012년에 개발한 어린이 영양지수 (NQ-C, Nutrition Quotient for Children) 설문지를 이용하여 중국 산동성과 강수성 지역 초등학교 5, 6학년어린이 336명 (남학생: 166명, 여학생: 170명)의 식 행동을 살펴보고자 수행하였고, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1) 어린이의 평균 영양 지수 (NQ) 점수는 백점 만점에 69.5점으로 양호한 수준이었고, 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 개별영역별로는 균형점수 58.8점, 절제점수 84.9점, 다양점수 63.6점, 규칙점수 76.1점, 실천점수 73.6점으로 나타났다. 영역별 진단기준치와 비교해볼 때, 어린이들의 평균균형, 절제, 규칙, 실천 점수는 기준치에 비해 양호한 편이었으나, 다양 점수는 진단기준치에 미치지 못하였다. 2) 어린이 영양지수의 최상위 등급은 13.7%, 상위등급은 23.5%, 중위 등급은 50.3%, 하위는 9.5%, 최하위 등급은 3.0%로 나타나서 최상위와 상위 등급의 비율이 기대치인 10%와 15%를 넘었고, 반면 하위와 최하위 등급의 비율은 기대치보다 더 적어서 바람직한 모습을 보였으며, 남녀 간의 유의차는 없었다. 3) 아버지의 학력은 어린이의 균형 점수, 규칙 점수와 상관성이 있었고, NQ 점수와도 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 어머니의 학력도 아버지와 비슷하게 균형 점수, 규칙 점수와 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 어머니가 취업을 한 경우 어린이의 규칙점수가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4) 조사대상자의 1일 운동 시간이 증가할수록 NQ 점수가 유의적으로 높았고, 하루에 1시간 이상 운동을 하는 학생들은 운동을 하지 않는 학생들보다 균형, 다양, 규칙, 실천 영역의 점수가 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 중국 중소도시 어린이의 영양지수 평균 점수는 69.5점으로 양호하였고, 균형, 절제, 규칙, 실천 점수는 양호하지만, 다양성 점수는 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 한국에서 개발된 어린이 영양지수(NQ-C) 설문지는 비슷한 생활 패턴을 가진 중국 초등학생 의 식행동 실태 평가에 활용이 가능한 것으로 사료되며, 조사대상 지역에 따라 영양지수 점수와 영역별 점수가 다르게 나타나므로, NQ-C를 활용한 영양상태 평가 후에 각 지역에 맞는 영양교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2005

This study had a three fold-research purpose. The first research purpose was to understand parenting issues the families with one child are facing. The second purpose was to examine any differences in variables of interest in this study between the two subgroups of this study sorted by maternal employment status. Finally, this study examined which variables of interest in this study predict maternal self-efficacy. The variables of interest in this study included: 1) family demographic variables, 2) maternal self-efficacy, 3) parenting stress, 4) maternal satisfactions with contextual factors, and 5) maternal perceptions of effectiveness of birth-rate promotion policies. The sample consisted of 276 mothers selected from the one child families and the mothers sampled were asked to fill out the self-administered surveys which had been developed for the purpose of this study. The main results of this study were as follows. Overall, the mothers of this study did not have high levels of maternal self-efficacy, when SES of this sample was taken into consideration. Non-working mothers had higher levels of maternal self-efficacy than working mothers. No significant differences were found in parenting stress levels between the two subgroups. There were significant group differences in maternal perceptions of the effectiveness of birth- rate promotion policies. Furthermore, a wide range of variables was found to be a significant predictor of maternal self-efficacy. Implications were discussed.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2012

Objectives : School-age children have mixed dentition and are sensitive to dental caries. Their dental condition is more important as it is directly related with oral health in their life, and parents' attention and education are necessary as the children can not manage their oral health voluntarily. Methods : To evaluate the effect of parents' occupational status on the oral health of children, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed the results along with the results of oral examination with 952 students and their parents of an elementary school located in Ulsan conducting school oral health projects on May, 2009. Results : As dental caries prevalence rate recorded 33.7%, 56.8% and 66.9% in non-dual income, professional dual income and non-professional dual income families, respectively, the rate of children of dual income families was significantly higher than that of non-dual income ones (p<0.05). Conclusions : For professional dual income families, although working mothers contribute to economic stability, they took less time to care or to educate their children compared to no-working mothers so that they need to pay more attention to oral health of children. In addition, more interest to and education for children of non-professional dual income families showing relatively lower socio-economic level and lack of time for children, were also necessary in school projects on oral health education and prevention.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2012

본 연구는 유아의 리더십에 영향을 미치는 내 외적 관련 변인들에 대해 연구해 보고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 서울시와 경기도의 유아교육기관에 재원중인 만 5세 유아 251명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 연구문제 분석을 위해 t검증과, 상관분석, 중다회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 유아의 성별, 출생순위, 어머니의 취업여부에 따라 기질, 놀이성, 리더십의 일부 하위영역에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 유아의 기질, 놀이성, 리더십의 변인간의 관계를 알아본 결과, 부분적으로 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 리더십에 영향을 미치는 변인을 알아본 결과, 놀이성의 신체적 자발성, 사회적 자발성, 인지적 자발성, 그리고 즐거움의 표현이 주요 변인으로 나타났다. 유아리더십은타고난특성과함께환경이나교육에의해개발될수있으므로유아가긍정적인 놀이를 통해 사회적인 자발성이나 인지적 또는 즐거움의 자발성을 높일 수 있는 적절한 프로그램을 제공하며, 놀이를 통한 리더십 프로그램 개발과 성인의 정서적 지원이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of middle school students according to their mother's employment status. Of all 453 subjects, 52.1% were boys, and 67.5% of the mothers were employed. The total score of nutritional knowledge was 8.0 out of 10 for students with a non-working mom and 7.7 for those with a working mom, showing no significant difference. Among the 20 nutritional knowledge questions, correct answer rates for "lots of fruits may be eaten because of not gaining weight" (72.6% vs. 81.6%, p<0.05) and "eating raw carrots is better than eating fried ones with oil" (34.6% vs. 44.9%, p<0.05) were significantly higher in students with a working mom. The regularity of meals showed a significant difference according to the mother's employment, indicating that responses of "very regular" (62.4% vs. 72.1%) were high among students with a non-working mom and responses of "skipping breakfast" (31.4% vs. 19.7%) were higher in students with a working mom (p<0.05). The number of snacks a day was also significantly different according to the mother's employment, showing that 12.8% of the students with a working mom and only 3.4% of them with a non-working mom did not eat snacks at all (p<0.05). These results reveal no significant difference in middle school students' nutritional knowledge according to their mother's employment status; however, the students whose mother had a job were more likely to have more undesirable dietary behaviors such as irregular meals and snacking.