• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1988

This study was initiated to understand the mechanism of selective toxicity of diazinon and carbofuran to killifish and loach. Conventional LC50 was calculated from fish test. IC50 with acetylcholinesterase activity was estimated using whole body and wet brain homogenate of the two fish species. Acetylcholinesterase activity of killifish was approximately twice as high as that of loach. The selective toxicity of diazinon to killifish and loach was partly (14 : 4) explained by the IC50 of diazoxon, a toxic metabolite of diazinon. IC50 of carbofuran also partly (14 : 3.4) contributed to the selectivity. These result suggested that the enzymatic method might be utilized as a screening tool for the chemicals affecting fish species of environmental concern with certain limitations which should be overcome in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1985

To establish an evaluation system of aquatic toxicity of chemicals at no-effect level, flow through and early life stage toxicity test were performed on a freshwater fish, the medaka (Oryzias latipes). The characteristics of medaka as a bioassay organism for the chronic toxicity test were discussed. Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration(MATC) of butachlor for the madaka in soft water was estimated using survival, growth, and reproduction as indicators of toxic effects. During a 3-month period, the fry of medaka were exposed to butachor concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 0.0l mg/liter and the DO concentration, temperature, and pH in the exposure chamber were measured to check the test condition. The highest concentration showed slight decrease of growth rate in medaka and reduced hatchability of spawning egg. Survival, growth, and reproductive success of adults in butachlor concentration of 0.04 and 0.01 mg/liter were not different from those of the control. The MATC was estimated to be between 0.04 and 0.16 mg/liter for medaka.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2018

In order to conduct the "A Study on Experiment for Improvement of Water Quality in Concrete Block Using illite and $TiO_2$ Powder", as a result of the preliminary mortar experiment, water quality purification characteristic test, pollution-resistance test, fish poison test, and the related KS-equivalent tests after manufacturing the actual concrete block, the following conclusion were deduced. As a result of the concrete block functional evaluation equivalent to KS, all the conditions showed higher compressive strength. Even though increase of absorption rate, according to illite replacement in vesicular structure, was expected as a problem, it was replaced after mixing with Titanium dioxide, and then Titanium dioxide was settled in large pores of illite so there was no problem in absorption rate.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.361-362
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• 2003

Penicillium sp. PS-113 showed no toxicity against loach(Misgurnus mizolepis) and monnow(Oryzias latipes), a kind of biological indicator, for 96 hours at the concentrations of $1.0\;{\times}\;10^8$ conidia/ml inoculum. Additionally, it showed no toxicity against several plants such as Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis), mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus), etc. during their germination at the same concentration of inoculum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.296-297
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• 2000

순환여과 시스템에서 사육어가 먹이를 섭취한 후 사육수 중에 배설하는 암모니아는 생물 여과조에서 질산화과정에 의해 독성이 적은 질산염으로 축적되는데, 이러한 질산염도 고농도로 축적되면 어류의 성장에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이 실험에서는 생물여과조에 탈질 시스템을 장치하여 효과적인 질산염 제거(Arbia and van Rijn, 1995; Whitson et al., 1993)를 위한 탈질 조건별 사육수질변화 및 이에 따른 실험어인 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli 및 큰민어, Nibea japonica의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1984

This study was performed to evaluate the aquatoxicity of 5 chemicals (butachlor, isoprothiolane, probenazole, carbofuran, and cartap) to carp (Cyprinus carpio), discuss the impact on the $96 hr-LC_{50}$ values of the chemicals with the exposure time. In butachlor, we also compared the acute toxicity values between two exposure system, the continuous flow system and static state system, and measured the dissolved oxygen concentrations in the two systems. The acute toxicity values (96 hr-LC50 values) of the 5 chemicals were 0.25 ppm in butachlor, 10.0 ppm in isoprothiolane, 6.2 ppm in probenazole, 1.40 ppm in carbofuran, and 0.64 ppm in cartap, respectively. We also found that the $LC_{50}$ values were downed with increase of the exposure time.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2007

4-nonylphenol (4-NP)이 해산어류인 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 혈장 vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile protein phosphorus (ALPP), calcium(Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 및 hepatosomatic index (HSI)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험어에 3일간격으로 $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$, 5 mg/kg B.W.) 또는 4-NP(0, 10, 50, 100및 200 mg/kg B.W.)을 복강에 2번 주사한 후, 7일째에 채혈과 적출을 통해 혈장과 간장을 수집해 분석이 실시되었다. 대조 실험어에는 용매로 사용된 70% 에탄올만이 투여되었다. $E_2$ 투여 실험어의 혈장 단백질을 전기 영동상으로 분석한 결과 약 170 kDa의 위치에서 짙은 VTG 밴드가 관찰되었으나, 용매만 투여한 대조 실험어의 혈장에서는 동일 밴드가 관찰되지 않았다. 4-NP 투여한 모든 실험어의 혈장 단백질에서는 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 동일한 VTG 밴드가 관찰되었다. 혈장 ALPP와 Ca 농도도 4-NP 투여 실험어에서 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 유사하게 증가하였으며, 이들 농도 변화는 VTG 합성과 더불어 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 혈장 전위효소인 GPT와 HSI도 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 유사하게 4-NP가 투여된 모든 실험어에서 급격히 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 연안생태계 내에서 서식하는 어류가 4-NP과 같은 내분비 장애물질(Endocrine Disrupting compounds, EDCs)에 의해 영향을 받는지를 규명하기 위한 생물학적 지표로서 VTG와 더불어 혈장 ALPP와 Ca이 사용가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 조피볼락과 같은 해산어가 EDCs에 노출되어 VTG가 합성될 때 간장 기능의 손상으로 혈장 전위효소인 GPT가 일시적으로 종가하고 간장도 비대해져 HSI가 높아지는 것으로 판단된다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 1999

Toxic effect of landfill leachate on the larvae and juvenile stage of the river puffer fish, Takifugu obscurus, were investigated in order to assess severity of environmental impact of leachate effluent on the general population of estuarine fishes. A short-term toxic experiment was designed to test both laboratory hatched larvae and juveniles (5, 10 and 15 mm in length) and in-situ juveniles (30 and 45 mm in length) using the leachate concentrations between 0 and 16%. Lethal concentrations of 50% mortality ($LC_{50}$) were observed using Spearman-karber Method. 24hr-$LC_{50}$ appeared at the leachate concentrations ranging from 3.03 to 8.57%, 48hr-$LC_{50}$ at 2.73 to 6.21 %, 72hr-$LC_{50}$o at 2.45 to 5.53%, and 96hr-$LC_{50}$ at 2.38 to 4.93%, respectively. Leachate concentrations between 0.69 and 1.51% induced 96hr-$LC_1$. Respiratory frequency was significantly affected even at low leachate concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the leachate effluents may cause a harmful impact on the physiology of river puffer fish, especially for younger cohorts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 1987

Sensitivity, expressed in the $96h-LC_{50}$ determined with continuous flow system, was compared for eight developmental stages of Oryzias latipes with butachlor, diazinon and fenitrothion. Significance of the laboratory determined $96h-LC_{50}$ in real field situation was evaluated for butachlor using outdoor model agrosystem. In the laboratory tests, the most sensitive stage was post-larva stage IV(7 days after hatching) with $96h-LC_{50}$ of 0.14, 1.4, and 1.6ppm for butachlor, diazinon and fenitrothion, respectively, whereas the least sensitive stage was early embryo stage(1 day after fertilization), and then the susceptibility was somewhat stable after 21days after hatching. In the model agrosystem test, the highest concentration of 0.53ppm of butachlor in water was obtained at the 2nd day after application. The stages IV and VIII showed mortality of over 50% at 96 hours after application. It is concluded that the conventional use of butachlor in the field would cause significant adverse effect on O. latipes. It is suggested that sensitivity test at the early life stages with fish is an important part of the ecotoxicological assessment of chemicals.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.208-211
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• 2016

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants possess various biological activities and have been considered as natural insecticides due to their potent insecticidal activities. In regard to develop natural insecticides, EOs are formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate and their acute toxicity against to fishes were determined in a static condition using Cyprinus carpio. Coriander EO was used as an active ingredient mixed with ethanol for solvent and various surface active agents. The tested EOs were obtained from a commercial market, and three different extractions were also undertaken to produce EO using steam distillation, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Among the emulsifiable concentrate including a commercial coriander EO, surface active agents such as Tween 80, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and mixture of SDBS and Nonidet showed acute toxicity to the fish. With the three different EO extraction, coriander EO obtained from supercritical fluids with Triton X-100 exhibited acute toxicity to C. carpio. Taken together, Tetgitol and Nondet are considered as surface active agents for the emulsifiable formulation of coriander EO.