• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.651-659
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• 2001

후박추출물은 치주병인균에는 항균효과가 있고, 치은섬유아세포에는 세포독성이 적은 것으로 알려져 있으며 홍아씨 추출물은 골아세포를 활성화시키는 효과가 있어 골조직재생에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 실험의 목적은 비글견에 인위적으로 치주염을 유도하고 후박추출물과 홍화씨추출물의 혼합물을 투여함으로써, 이 두 가지 혼합물이 치주염 진행에 예방효과가 잇는지, 또, 치료효과가 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 후박과 홍화씨를 구입하여 에탄올에서 추출하여 정제하고 진공상태에서 건조시켜 농축하였다. 후박추출물과 홍화씨 추출물을 1:5의 질량비로 혼합하고 250㎎씩 캡슐에 넣었다. 비글견의 상하악 소구치와 하악 제1대구치를 8주 동안 철사와 견사로 결찰하여 치주염을 유발하였다. 8주 후에, 실험군 비글견에게는 미리 후박추출물과 홍화씨추출물 혼합물을 매 12시간마다 하루에 1,500㎎ 씩 12주 동안 투약하였다. 대조군 비글견에는 투약을 하지 않았다. 투약을 시작한 후에 치은지수, 부착수준을 매 4주마다 측정하였다. 매 4주마다 치주낭에서 페이퍼포인트를 이용하여 혐기성세균과 호기성세균을 채취, 배양하여 각각의 집락 수를 세었다. 그 결과 실험군의 치은지수는 8주, 12주에서 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05)), 임상적으로도 상당한 치은염의 개선을 보였다. 실험군의 혐기성세균 집락수는 감소하여 4, 8, 및 12주에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.001), 호기성 세균 집락수는 4, 8, 및 12주에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다.(p<0.05)이 실험 결과, 후박 추출물과 홍화씨 추출물 혼합물이 치주질환의 예방 및 치료에 이용되어질 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.579-590
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• 2006

1. 연구배경 교원질 분해작용을 하는 호중구의 세포질 효소인 기질금속단백분해효소-8은 치주질환, 류마티스 관절염, 그리고 궤양결장염과 같은 염증성 질환에서 농도가 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 최근에는 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 leukotoxin이 사람호중구에서 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비를 유도하는 것이 보고되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 선천면역 체계에서 세포표면 항원무리14, Toll-like 수용기, 그리고 $NF-{\kappa}$ B경로를 통하여 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도된 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비 여부와 세포기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 2. 연구재료 및 방법 건강한 개인 제공자(남자 13명, 여자 3명)로부터 얻은 개개인의 20ml 말초혈액을 제조사의 지침에 따라 호중구를 추출한 후 항세포표면 항원무리14와 함께 $4^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 전배양 한 후, $37^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 동안 배양시켰다. 추출한 호중구에 Toll-like 수용기 억제제 또는 $NF-{\kappa}$ B억제제인 TPCK를 첨가한 후 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 전배양하고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 동안 배양시켰다. 호중구에 세포뼈대 억제제인 cholchicine, nocodazole, demecolcine, 그리고 cytochalasin B를 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질과 함께 $37^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 동안 배양시켰다. 기질금속단백분해효소-8 분비량은 효소면역측정법을 통해 결정하였다. 통계처리는 일원배치 분산분석법을 이용하였다(p<0.05). 3. 결과 A. actinomycetemcomitans 지질다당질은 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비를 증가시켰다. 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비는 항세포표면 항원무리14에 의해서 억제되었지만, 항 Toll-like 수용기2, 항 Toll-like 수용기4 항체는 억제시키지 못했다. $NF-{\kappa}$ B 억제제는 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도된 $NF-{\kappa}$ B 결합 활성도와 기질금속단백분해효소-8 분비를 억제하였다. 미세섬유 중합반응 억제제는 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도된 기질금속단백분해효소-8의 분비를 억제시켰으나, 미세관 중합반응억제제는 억제시키지 못했다. 4. 결론 위의 연구결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 기질금속단백분해효소-8은 A. actinomycetemcomitans의 지질다당질로 유도되며, 세포표면 항원무리-$NF-{\kappa}$ B 경로를 통하여 분비되고, 이 분비 과정은 미세섬유 계통이 관여하는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stemness of cells from canine dental tissues and bone marrow. Methods: Canine periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), alveolar bone stem cells (ABSC) and bone marrow stem cells(BMSC) were isolated and cultured. Cell differentiations (osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic) and surface antigens (CD146, STRO-1, CD44, CD90, CD45, CD34) were evaluated in vitro. The cells were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of nude mice to assess capacity for ectopic bone formation at 8 weeks after implantation. Results: PDLSC, ABSC and BMSC differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes under defined condition. The cells expressed the mesenchymal stem cell markers differently. When transplanted into athymic nude mice, these three kinds of cells with hydroxyapatite /${\beta}$- tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) carrier showed ectopic bone formation. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that canine dental stem cells have stemness like bone marrow stem cells. Transplantation of these cells might be used as a therapeutic approach for dental stem cell-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.683-688
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two commercially available desensitizing agents over 3 weeks on patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods : An oxalate-based solution, Sensblok (NIBEC Inc. Seoul, Korea) & Superseal (Pheonix Inc. Michigan, USA), and a distilled water placebo were compared in a clinical setting. Seven volunteers exhibiting three or more teeth that were sensitive to tactile & air were enrolled in the study (35 teeth total). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for recording each patient s level of sensitivity to tactile & air stimuli. A Florida probe was rubbed across the exposed dentin three times with a constant pressure 20 grams to measure the tactile stimulus. The air stimulus was generated by dental unit air syringe for 1-second blast from 1/2 inch distance. The desensitizing agents were applied according manufacture s guideline. VAS scores were recorded at baseline, 1 minute after treatment, at 1 week, 2weeks, 3weeks. VAS score were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA ( =0.05). Results : The Sensblok, Superseal, and distilled water placebo all decreased dentin sensitivity. A statistically significant difference existed between Sensblok and placebo when tactile stimulus was applied (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among other desensitizing agents and tactile and air stimuli.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1987

Soy sauce which was prepared with a mixture of defatted soybeans ant wheat flour koji added into acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce was evaluated for the chemical changes in levulinic acid, ethanol and amino acids composition during fermentation, Results showed that the highest reducing sugar content of $12.13{\sim}15.76%$ was found after $20{\sim}40\;days$ fermentation. The contents of total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, and ethanol increased with increase in fermentation time. A high levulinic acid content was fount at the initial fermentation period which was gradually decreased with further fermentation. The content of lactic acid also increased during fermentation. Amino acids such as Glu, Leu, Ala, Phe, Asp, Thr, Ser, Gly, Met, Tyr, Lys, His, Arg and Pro were detected in all tested groups. Higher values were found particularly for Glu, Leu, Ala and Phe and lower values for His, Tyr and Met. The most of amino acids increased in their contents after 120 days of fermentation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.714-724
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• 2017

Soju is a Korean traditional distilled alcoholic beverage produced from mashes various crops and Nuruk which is cultured with wild microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate rice-Soju brewing characteristics of yeasts isolated from Korean traditional Nuruk. The general components of rice (Hanarumbyeo) raw materials were 14.7 g of water, 6.8 g of crude protein, 0.9 g of crude lipid, 0.4 g of crude ash, and 76.5 g of carbohydrate in 100 g. Saccharifying and proteolytic activities in Hanarumbyeo ipguk (solid-state culture of Aspergillus luchuensis) were also determined. The alcohol content of the fermented wash from isolates was 15.37-16.58% (v/v), which is 16.7-36.0% higher than that of industrial yeasts (12.33-13.19%). Reducing sugar contents were 2.04-3.92 and 7.92-8.78 g/100 mL in the isolates and industrial yeasts, respectively. The isolated yeasts showed 25.2-52.7% higher yield of distillates (41% alcohol) compared to industrial yeasts. Forty-one components were detected in the rice distillated Soju (25% alcohol) and principal component analysis revealed differences between the isolated and industrial yeasts with respect to the contents of i-BuOH, isobutanal diethyl acetal, ethyl caprate, and tetradecanoic acid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 1978

Fermented soy sauce was dehydrated by spray drying to form powder, and moisture sorption properties of powdered soy sauce with or without cover of the flexible films were examined on different relative humidity by using saturated salt solutions at $30^{\circ}$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The equilibrium moisture content of spray-dried soy sauce containing 18.3% moisture was determined to 52% by graphical interpolation method, and E.M.C. of powdered soy sauce covered with plastic films decreased at low relative humidity whereas sharply increased curves were seen at high relative humidity. The rate constant of moisture adsortion K for the power covered with films were $66.2{\times}10^{-5}\;to\;225{\times}10^{-5}/hr$., and K' became greater when film having higher water vapor transmission rate was used. The shelf-life of powdered soy sauce covered with Al. foil/P.E. film by Brown formula at the accelerated condition of $38^{\circ}$, 92% R. H. was the longest period, 164 days compared with any other films used, and the shortest period, 18 days in P.V.C. film.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.588-594
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• 1997

Yeast strains useful for the production of wine using mandarine orange, Citrus unshiu, as a main substrate were screened, and their primary ability to decompose citric acid that affects directly wine quality was investigated. Total eleven strains were selected for brewing orange wine. Five wild strains were from soil-based collections and identified: four of them were Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one of them was S. ellipsoideus. The rest of six strains were from among eighteen laboratory strains: three of them were S. cerevisiae, and the other three were S. coreanus, S. uvarum, and S. sake. Two strains of S. cerevisiae out of these selections were chosen and their decomposition of citric acid was investigated. Citric acid was not utilized as sole carbon source for cellular growth. However, when both citric acid and glucose were added together as carbon sources, decrease of citric acid concentration was observed after incubation. Shaking incubation was more effective for the reduction of citric acid than standing incubation. Utilization of citric acid did not contribute to the increase of ethanol concentration during fermentation. On the other hand, it appeared that citric acid caused partial inhibition of cellular growth of the yeasts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1687-1692
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• 2015

Since the domestic grape wine industry has been stagnant, the quality of Korean wine must be improved to compete with imported wines. For improving the quality of domestic wine up to 'unfined' or 'unfiltered' wine, this study investigated the possibility of producing 'unfined' or 'unfiltered' wine and their physicochemical characteristics. Muscat Bailey A as a domestic grape was selected to make wine. Prior to refining process after alcohol fermentation, the wine samples were divided into three specimens depending on the treatment of bentonite for clarification and filter (sample A treated with both bentonite and filter, sample B treated with bentonite only, and sample C treated without bentonite and filter). The physicochemical characteristics of each specimen after one week matureness were then investigated. Sample C showed highest values in total phenol and organic acid content among others. Samples B and C showed more stability in intensity, hue, and color. Although it is hard to compare domestic wine with imported wine, it may be possible to improve the quality of domestic wine and contribute to the development of the domestic wine industry when further studies are conducted on in-depth fermentation of wine and improvement of microbiological stability.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

연구배경 IgG에 대한 $Fc{\gamma}$ 수용기는 치주병인균에 대한 숙주 반응에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이 중 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$는 NK 세포, 대식세포, 단핵구, ${\gamma}{\delta}T$세포에서 발현되며, EC2 도메인에서 158 아미노산 부위의 valine (V)-phenylalanine (F)의 유전자다형성을 보인다. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$는 특이적으로 중성구에 발현되는데, extracellular (ECl) Ig-like 도메인 내 4개의 아미노산 치환(substitutions)에 의한 NA1-NA2 유전자다형성을 보인다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국인에서 급진성 치주염 환자와 $Fc{\gamma}III$ 수용기의 유전자다형성과의 관련성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 및 재료 치주적으로 건강한 90명 (대조군, 남자 64명, 여자 26명)과 서울대학교 치과병원 지주과에 내원하여 급진성 치주염으로 진단된 환자 43명 (aggressive periodontitis patients: AgP, 남자 30명, 여자 13명)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 실험 대상자는 임상 실험에 대해 동의 하였고, 초진 시 전자 탐침(Florida Probe(R) Co. Gainesville, FL)을 이용하여 탐침 시 치주낭 깊이 (PPD), 임상부착수준 (CAL), 치태지수(PI), 탐침 후 출혈지수 (BOP)를 측정하였다. 또한 이들의 정맥혈에서 추출한 DNA를 PCR법, 전기영동법 등을 이용하여 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$, $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$의 대립 유전자의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ 복합 유전형을 확인하여 각 군 간을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 1. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$에 대한 유전자다형성 연구 결과 대조군과 급진성 치주염 환자 군(AgP)사이에서는 대립 유전자 분포가 서로 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었고 (P<0.05), $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. (P>0.05) 2. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$ 158F 대립형질이 급진성 치주염 환자에서 유의성 있게 많이 발견되어졌다. (P<0.05) 결론 이 연구를 통하여 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$ 유전자의 분석이 한국인의 급진성 치주염에 대한 감수성의 위험요소의 표지자로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향 후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 히는 추가 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.