• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.305-324
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• 2000

This study compared the short-term(4 months) clinical results of regenerative therapy with bioabsorbable membranes($BioMesh^{(R)}$) and bone allograft for the treatment of periodontal(intrabony and furcation) defects in smokers and nonsmokers.(16 smokers) 32 subjects with 92 defects participated in the study(46 in smokers and 46 in non-smokers). This study also evaluated a bioresorbable barrier with and without decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA). The 92 periodontal defects were randomly treated with either the resorbable barrier alone or resorbable barrier in combination with DFDBA following thorough defect debridement and root preparation with tetracycline. Each patient received both types of treatment modalities. Clinical examinations(probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index) were carried out immediately before and 4 months after surgery. Significant(p<0.001) gains in mean attachment level were observed for both smokers(2.93mm) and non-smokers(3.30mm) but there were not significant difference between two groups. Similarly, significant reductions in mean probing depthshowed for smokers(4.52mm) and non-smokers(4.26mm). However, when comparing gingival recession, smokers were found to exhibit significantly poorer treatment results(1.59mm vs 0.96mm, p<0.05). Using the split-mouth-design, no statistically significant difference between the two modalities could be detected with regard to pocket depth reduction, gingival recession, or attachment gain. These results illustrate that the attachment gain is better in the non-smoker and the best in the non-smoker with the combination therapy of resorbable barrier and DFDBA than with resorbable barrier alone but smoking had no significant effect on clinical treatment outcome, even though smokers show more significant gingival recession. In addition, both treatments, either resorbable barrier plus DFDBA or resorbable barrier alone, promoted significant resolution of periodontal defects but the addition of DFDBA with a bioabsorbable membrane appears to add no extra benefit to the only membrane treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.287-305
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of bioresorbable membranes in guided bone regeneration of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly categorized into 4 groups: Group 1 & 2 had 10 normal rats each and group 3 & 4 included 15 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats each. Defect measuring 7mm in diameter was formed on every rat calvarium. No membrane was used in groups 1 & 3 and membranes were used in groups 2 & 4. The rates were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after defect formation. Routine histological specimens were prepared. Masson-trichrome and HE stain were done before light microscopy. Guided regenerative potential was evaluated by measuring the amount of new bone formation in the calvarial defect by histomorphometry. Following results were obtained. 1. New bone formation in the diabetic groups was significantly less that than in the normal groups regardless of membrane use(p<0.05). 2. In the comparison of new bone formation in the normal groups, membrane group showed significantly more bone formation(p<0.1). 3. When the amount of new bone formation was compared in the diabetic groups, more bone was formed in the membrane groups but the difference was not statistically significant.4. In the normal groups the amount of new bone formation was significantly greater at 4 weeks compared to that at2 weeks(p<0.05) but amount of bone regeneration at 4 weeks was not significantly greater than that at 2 weeks in both diabetic groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 2005

3개월 동안 사용한 마모된 칫솔의 마모 정도와 양상을 관찰하고, 새 칫솔과 마모된 칫솔의 잇솔질 전 ${\cdot}$ 후 치태제거효율을 single-use design으로 비교 ${\cdot}$ 평가하여 3개월 주기의 칫솔 교체 주기의 근거를 임상적으로 확인 해보고자 하였다. 치주적으로 건강한 치과 대학생 42명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 잇솔질 습관을 조사하고, 3개월간 동일한 칫솔과 치약을 사용하게 하였다. 3개월 후 피시험자를 무작위로 두 군(I, II)으로 나누고, 치석제거술을 시행한 뒤 2주후에 내원하도록 하였으며 내원 전 48시간동안은 잇솔질을 하지 않도록 지시하였다. 2주후 I군은 새 칫솔을, II군은 마모된 칫솔을 사용하도록 하였으며 잇솔질 전 ${\cdot}$ 후에 각각 구강 내를 erythrosin으로 염색한 후 6개의 Ramfjord 치아의 plaque score를 Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index로 측정하였다. 2주간의 washout period 후에 다시 치석제거술을 시행한 뒤, I군이 마모된 칫솔을, II군은 새 칫솔을 사용하게 하여 동일한 방법으로 PHP index를 각각 측정하였다. 마모된 칫솔은 수거하여 brushing surface area의 면적으로 마모도를 평가하였다. 결과는 paired t-test와 Pearson's correlation analysis로 통계처리 하였다. 2명이 탈락하였고 잇솔질 전 ${\cdot}$ 후에 대한 전체 부위, 치간 부위, 변연치은 부위의 plaque score는 두 칫솔 모두 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였으며 (p<0.0001), 두 칫솔을 비교한 경우에는 새 칫솔이 마모된 칫솔보다 치태 감소량이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 많았다 (p<0.0001). 칫솔의 마모도는 평균 50.6% 증가하였으며, 마모도 증가에 따른 치태 감소량에는 직선적인 상관관계가 있었으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. (전체 부위 r=-0.58, p=0.72 / 변연치은 부위 r=-0.50, p=0.76). Single-use design에서 3개월 동안 마모된 칫솔은 치태제거 능력에 있어서 새 칫솔보다 덜 효율적이였다. 칫솔의 마모도는 구강 위생 관리에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이며, 마모된 칫솔은 정기적인 교체가 요구된다. 또한, 치간 부위를 포함한 변연치은 부위의 치태를 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 치태지수에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2005

중등도 이상의 치주염 환자에서 치은 열구액내의 MMPs 및 TIMP-1 과 치주염과의 연관성을 규명하고, 치주 수술이 MMPs 및 TIMP-1의 정량에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 하였다. 총 14명의 치주낭 깊이 6mm 이상의 중등도 이상의 치주 질환 이환자에서 치아를 선정하여, 치주낭 심도, 치은 지수(gingival index)를 측정하고, 치은의 조직학적 염증의 정도를 측정하기 위해, 해당 치아의 치주낭 연조직을 절취하여 H-E염색을 하고, 치은 절편에서 염증세포 침윤의 정도 및 분포를 비교하였다. Perio-paper를 이용하여 치은열구액을 얻고, pyrogen-free water에서 추출하였다. 채취한 치은 열구액에서 ELISA-kit를 이용하여 MMP-1, 8, 9, 13과 TIMP-1을 측정하여 수술 전과, 수술 후, 그리고 건강한 조직인 대조군을 비교하였으며, 통계처리는 Wilcoxon 검정을 사용하였다. 또한 MMPs 혹은 TIMP-1이 치주낭 심도나 치은지수등의 임상적 지표와 가지는 연관성을 Spearman's correlation coefficient를 이용하여 알아보았다. TIMP-1을 제외한 MMP-1, 8 ,9, 13 에서 수술 전보다 수술 후에 치은 열구액 내의 양이 현저하게 줄어든 것을 관찰할 수 있었으나, MMP-1(p=0.025), MMP-9(p=0.016) 와 MMP-13(p=0.009) 에서만 통계적으로 유의성있는 차이를 보였다. 한편 MMP-9 (p=0.011) 나 MMP-13(p=0.026) 은 건강한 대조군과 수술 전 사이에도 유의성있는 차이를 보였다. 연조직의 조직학적 관찰을 통하여 치은지수의 임상적 신뢰도를 평가한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 치주 치료 전의 치주낭 심도와 치은지수와의 관계나, 수술 전과 수술 후의 치주낭 심도등의 변화도 통계적으로 유의성있는 결과를 보였다. 하지만 치주낭 심도나 치은지수등의 임상적 지표는 MMPs나 TIMP의 정량과는 별다른 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 이 실험의 결과로 보아 MMP-1, MMP-9나 MMP-13을 치주 수술 전과 수술 후의 치주염의 심도 변화를 반영할 수 있는 지표로 생각할 수 있으며, 특히 MMP-9와 MMP-13가 치주염과 가지는 연관성은 크다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1995

A wastewater purifying system using phototrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, is currently in operation in several countries, One of them, is a continuously aerated bioreactor(CABR) system, which treats concentrated swin wasterwater using small amounts of phototrophic bacteria as additive bacterial seeding. Using this plant, total biochemical oxygen demand was decreased to 13%, and most of volatile fatty acids were removed. About 40% of the wastewater(Influx) was evaporated during aerobic digestion for 24h, and 60% of that erupted in a decodorized foam(Efflux). The efflux had enough nutrients, N, P and K kor growing plant, as well as organic matters. When the efflux was applied to Italian ryegrass with high dose, fresh shoot and root weights were significantly greater, and $NO_3-N$ contents of the dried shoot were lower than those of control plant (CDU). These results indicate that the CABR plant is useful for reduction and deodorization of swine wastewater and the efflux from CABR can be used for crop production as an organic fertilizer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Oriental melon vinegar was prepared by two stage fermentations of alcohol and acetic acid. In the alcohol fermentation using oriental melon residual products, alcohol content showed 7.43% in 17$^{\circ}$ brix of initial sugar concentration and 80 h of fermentation time. In the acetic acid fermentation using oriental melon alcohol, acidity showed 5.25% in 250rpm of agitation rate and 200 h of fermentation time. The cultivation esults of oriental melons using its vinegar are as follows. Quantity and quality of samples treated with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 times of oriental melon vinegar were higher than that of control : weight, quality, sugar content and goods production rate were higher to degree of 33∼42 g/piece, 370 ∼460kg/10a, 0.6∼.9$^{\circ}$ Brix, 2∼5%, respectively. Coods production yield of samples treated with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 times of oriental melon vinegar was higher (400∼610 kg/10a) than that of control. The results of control of powdery mildew on oriental melons using oriental melon vinegar as the diluted solution with 500 and 1000 times were identical for control value that used by agrochemical. Powdery mildew were exterminated by 2nd treatment of the diluted solution. In case of aphids, the diluted solution with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 times of oriental melon vinegar exterminated thoroughly by 2nd treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 1985

Low-salted Kochuzang was made by the replacement of a part of NaCl with 4% ethanol as the preservative. Comparative analysis were performed for general components in 7 kinds of low-salted Kochuzang. The activities of ${\alpha}-and{\beta}-amylase$ and protease were high in ripened Kochuzang of low salt concentration in case of addition of alcohol. The changes of total sugar and pH were remarkably decreased when alcohol and salt were added. Total acid contents showed a remarkable increase when alcohol was not added, and in case of salt concentration. Total nitrogen contents were not remarkably changed, but the contents of amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were increased in case of low salt conuntration with alcohol. Reducing sugar contents were increased in case of low salt concentration and alcohol added. Alcohol contents were not remarkably changed in case of addition of alcohol, but when alcohol was not added and low salt concentration they showed a remarkable increase(about 2.2%). A good Kochuzang may be produced by adding 4% alcohol to a low salted one (5.1% content in Kochuzang) in seventy days of the fermentation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.502-511
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• 1994

Investigated were the relationships between plumule elongation characteristics and seedling emergence of 98 varieties including native, improved and red rice varieties of Korea, and varieties from U.S.A., Italy, Japan, etc. under proper and excess soil moisture regimes. Under excess soil moisture condition the seedling emergence and establishment rates were much lower in most of the varieties and the seedling emergence rates were delayed substantially in all varieties employed. The seedling emergence rates were lowest in dwarf and some semi-dwarf varieties showing poor plumule elongation under proper soil moisture condition. The seedling emergence and establishment rates were significantly correlated with the length of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf under both soil moisture regimes, and with the lower first and second internode length under excess soil moisture condition. Average emergence duration showed significant negative correlation with the length of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf under both soil moisture regimes and significant positive correlations with the first and third lower internode length. Based on the standardized partial regression analysis only the variations of mesocotyl and coleoptile length contributed significantly to the varietal difference in seedling establishment rate, and so did the variations of mesocotyl and incomplete leaf length to the varietal differences in emergence speed. In conclusion varieties with greater elongation characteristics of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf are desirable for higher and speedy seedling establishment in dry-direct seeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1982

A comparison was made for growth and yield of two rowed and six rowed barley varieties to differentiate their fundamental characteris in relation with brewing quality. Heading and maturing time of two rowed barley varieties were similar to those of six rowed covered but were earlier than those of six rowed naked ones. Most of two rowed varieties were spring barley and low temperature susceptible, but they were relatively photoinsensitive compared to six rowed varieties. Eventhough malting barley has heavier stands and grains, they were quite similar in yielding ability with six rowed cultivars with decreased number of grains per spike. In quality characters, malting barley has better germination energy and rate, lower protein content than the common six rowed barley and decisively better for brewing that six rowed barley with higher malt yield, extract yield and quality and enzyme activity. In comparison of malting barley varieties produced in Korea and Japan indicated that those varieties produced in Japan were better in germination characters, extract yield and quality, Kolback index and enzyme activity than those produced in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2001

The effect of gamma-irradiation on the microbiological and general qualities of Kanjang (fermented soy sauce, Korean type) and Shoyu (fermented soy sauce, Japanese type) was studied. Samples were prepared, irradiated at 5, 10 and 20 kGy, and then stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 18 weeks. The results showed that the Bacillus spp. was inactivated by 3 log cycles with the irradiation dose of 10 kGy and the number of Bacillus cells that survived from 10 to 20 kGy of gamma irradiation was decreased gradually during storage. Yeasts and Lactobacillus were nearly eliminated at 5 to 10 kGy of irradiation. The $D_{10}$ values of Bacillus, yeast and Lactobacillus in Shoyu were 2.67 kGy, 0.81 kGy and 1.30 kGy, in Kanjang were 2.75 kGy, 0.99 kGy and 1.47 kGy, respectively. The general quality of gamma irradiated Shoyu and Kanjang, such as total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, protease activity and pH were more stable than that of control during storage periods. Decolorization was observed just after irradiation, but the color was recovered during storage. The sensory evaluations showed that irradiated samples were more acceptable. Therefore, it was considered that gamma irradiation was effective for maintaining better quality of Shoyu and Kanjang during storage.