• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 1999

Background: Uterine cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the women in Korea. This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of the cervicography as a screening test of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Cervicography was taken from 482 women at department of obstetrics and gynecology, at Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1, 1998 to October 31, 1999. Of the 482 women, 172 women were exc1uded from the study for various reasons, and 310 women completed the study. Three-hundred and ten women had cervical cytology (Papanicolaou smear), cervicography and colposcopy, and punch biopsy was undertaken if any of the test result was abnormal. Results: The most common age group was 35-39, and 40-44, 45-49 in order and most common reason for having a screening test was regular check for cervical cancer. The mean duration from the last Pap smear was 17.1 months, and 64 women(20.4%) never had any prior screening tests. Of the 310 women, 254 women were categorized as normal or having benign disease such as cervicitis, erosion or metaplasia. Biopsy was taken from 56 patients and the results were 26 chronic cervicitis, 4 mild dysplasia, 6 moderate dysplasia, 2 severe dysplasia, 14 carcinoma in situ and 4 invasive carcinoma. The results of cytology and cervicography were well correlated(p<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of cytology were 86.7% and 76.9%, respectively and the sensitivity and specificity of cervicography were 56.7% and 96.2%, respectively. False negative rate of cervicography(43.3%) was much higher than those of cytology(13. 3%) (p<0.05), but false positive rate of cervicography(3.8%) was much lower than that of cytology(23.1%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems inappropriate to use cervicography as a single screening test for cervival cancer, but it may be an effective complementary test for cytology to lower the false negative rate of cytology.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2002

Purpose: Ultrasonography and $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography were validated as useful diagnostic tools for primary breast cancer. However, ultrasound has the problem of low specificity. We compared the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound with $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study included 174 patients who had ultrasound and $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography peformed on breast masses from 1999 to 2000. The pathologic results were obtained by surgery or FNAB. Results: Among the 174 patients, malignant breast disease numbered 117 and benign breast disease numbered 57. Ultrasound revealed 88 TP, 9 FN, 8 FP, 34 TN, and 35 indeterminate cases. $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography revealed 91 TP, 25 FN, 9 FP, and 48 TN. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Ultrasound were 66.7%, 44.2%, 67.2%, and 43.6% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography were 77.8%, 84.2%, 91%, and 64.9% respectively. Among the 35 indeterminate ultrasound cases, $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography revealed 13 TP, 15 TN, and 7 FP Conclusion: $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ Scintimammography was more sensitive and specific than ultrasound for the detection of primary breast cancer and provided more useful information in cases of indeterminate ultrasound findings.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2000

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic role of $^{99m}Tc$-Tetrofosmin in detection of breast cancer and compared with that of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI. Material and Methods: Forty-eight patients with a clinically palpable mass or abnormal mammographic or ultrasonographic findings had $^{99m}Tc-MIBI\;and\;^{99m}Tc$-Tetrofosmin scintimammographies after intravenous injection of 925 MBq of radiopharmaceuticals. The scintimammographs were correlated with histopathologic findings. Results: Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with breast cancer and 15 patients with benign breast diseases. The numbers of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI scintimammography were 29, 10, 5, and 4 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI scintimammographies were 87.8%, 66.7%, 85.3%, and 71.4% respectively. The numbers of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases of $^{99m}Tc$-Tetrofosmin were 31,10, 5, and 2 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of $^{99m}Tc$-Tetrofosmin were 93.9%, 66.7%, 86.1%, and 73.3% respectively. One patient was false negative in both $^{99m}Tc-MIBI\;and\;^{99m}Tc$-Tetrofosmin acintimammographies and its size was 0.5 cm. Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc-Tetrofosmin\;and\;^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ were non-invasive and useful in detection of breast cancer and $^{99m}Tc$-Tetrofosmin was comparable to the $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI in detection of primary breast cancer.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1116-1120
• /
• 2010

In this paper we present two refined neighbor selection algorithms for recommender systems and also show how the attributes of the items can be used for higher prediction quality. The refined neighbor selection algorithms adopt the transitivity-based neighbor selection method using virtual neighbors and alternate neighbors, respectively. The experimental results show that the recommender systems with the proposed algorithms outperform other systems and they can overcome the large scale dataset problem as well as the first rater problem without deteriorating prediction quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2020.01a
• /
• pp.117-120
• /
• 2020

본 논문은 인공지능 메이커 교육과 관련한 요소를 논문 네트워크 키워드 분석과 다양한 빅데이터를 종합하여 핵심용어를 선정 후 인공지능 메이커 교육을 시스템 다이내믹스의 Vensim프로그램으로 인과지도(Casual Loop Diagramming)를 구조분석(모델의 구조)하여 예측 결과를 토대로 향후 미래 상황 추출 및 정책 결정 연구에 영향을 기여한다. 연구 결과 인공지능 교육 정책은 추후 인공지능 교육과 메이커 교육을 융합한 교육 관련 산업이 증대할 것으로 예측되며 교육 경쟁력 향상과 창의적 인재 양성, OTT를 이용한 인공지능 교육 콘텐츠 향상으로 학습에 활용성이 증대하게 된다. 또한 인공지능 교육 정책은 프로그래밍 교육으로 연결되어 성장기 학습자들의 사고력과 정서 발달에 도움 되며 다양한 교재 및 기기 등장으로 인한 학습에 다양성 역시 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 학교 차원에서는 교수·연구 지원 활동이 증가하여 수업 전문성을 가진 교사가 늘어나 학교 교육의 질은 확대되고 학부모는 인공지능 교육 정책에 긍정적으로 된다. 시스템 다이내믹스는 구조가 형태를 결정짓는다는 세계관에 기초하여 피드백 루프와 동태적 형태 유형을 파악하며 다양한 가능성이 존재하게 된다. 이는 추후 다양한 연구를 통해 인공지능 교육 정책 인과지도의 확대로 연결될 수 있음을 암시하며 본 논문을 통해 인공지능 교육 연구 확산에 시발점이 되었으면 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.8
• /
• pp.820-825
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The presence and degree of fever in children is a useful indicator of illness. This project aimed to assess the accuracy and usefulness of infrared tympanic membrane(TM) & forehead feverscan thermometers for measuring children's temperatures. Methods : Data were obtained from 1,050 children with a median age of 4.5 years. They visited the pediatric clinics at Chung-Ang University Yongsan Hospital from January 2004 to December 2004. We measured body temperatures at axilla by mercury thermometer, at ear by infrared TM thermometer and at forehead by feverscan. Then we analyzed the correlation between these data. Results : Mercury and TM thermometer, and Mercury and forehead feverscan thermometer very well correlated with each others(P<0.05). And the sensitivity of infrared TM thermometer(right and left) to correctly identify febrile children was 81.1 percent and 82.4 percent, the positive predictive value to detect a fever was 81.8 percent and 73.6 percent. The sensitivity of forehead feverscan was 83.3 percent and the positive predictive value was 74.4 percent. Conclusion : The tympanic membrane temperature measured by the BRAUN IRT $3020^{(R)}$ and forehead arterial temperature measured by the HubDIC $DOTORY^{(R)}$ feverscan accurately reflects mercury axillary temperature, validly assesses the presence of fever in children, and is easy to use. The Braun IRT $3020^{(R)}$ & HubDIC $DOTORY^{(R)}$ therefore is an adequate tool to assess fever and may be used both in a clinical setting and for research purposes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 1996

Background: The extraction methods of DNA from clinical samples are the major obstacle to use the PCR(polymerase Chain Reaction) in routine labortary for early detection of M. tuberculosis. We tried to improve the extraction method of DNA from sputum for establishment of the PCR in routine labortary by reducing the possibility of cross contamination and performing it easily and safely. Methods: We used the $InstaGene^{TM}$ DNA extraction kit(BioRad Co.) using Chelex 100 ion exchange resin for preparation of DNA. We compared InstaGene method in 100 cases of sputum from proteinase K method which is known as the most commonly used method for DNA purification(Experiment 1). And we compared InstaGene method in 98 cases of sputum from Microwave method developed by a company in Korea(Experiment 2). In experiment 1,245bps of IS6110 were amplified and then 188bps were amplified by nested PCR. In experiment 2,536bps in primary PCR and 276bps in nested PCR were amplified and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and EtBr staining. Results: When we chose AFB smear, culture, or AFB smear and culture as a standard test, PCR had low specificity and positive predictive value in both experiments. The InstaGene method has higher value in sensitivity and negative predictive value significantly than proteinase K method. The InstaGene method and the Microwave methods were similar in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Conclusion: Even though both methods had lower possibility of cross contamination, shorter time requirement, simplicity, and economic advantages than Proteinase K method, the InstaGene method was a little simpler than the Microwave method. Therefore, in terms of usefulness in clinical application, the Instagene method seems to be the most useful method in DNA extraction for detection of M. tuberculosis using PCR. The reliability of this method will be clarified by further studies with enough clinical samples.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2004

Background : In recent years, numerous human tumor specific antigens such as melanoma antigen gene(MAGE) that is recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been identified. MAGE is expressed in many human malignancies in various organs, such as lung, breast, stomach, esophagus and leukemia. Therefore MAGE has been studied widely for tumor diagnosis and immunotherapy. But, so far there were no clinical studies evaluating the role of MAGE in pleural effusion. We investigated the expression of MAGE in the patients with exudative pleural effusion for it's diagnostic utility and the results were compared with those of cytologic examinations. Methods : Diagnostic thoracentesis was performed in 44 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusion during 6 months. We examined the expression of MAGE and cytology with the obtained pleural effusion. Expression of MAGE was interpreted by means of a commercial kit using RT-PCR method. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups such as malignant and benign and we analyzed its' sensitivity and specificity. Results : There were no significant differences between two groups in age, sex, white blood cell counts in pleural fluid, pleural fluid/serum protein ratio and pleural fluid/serum LDH ratio. The sensitivity and specificity of MAGE were 72.2% and 96.2% respectively and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MAGE were also 92.9% and 83.3% respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of cytologic examinations were 66.7% and 81.3% respectively. There were no significant differences between sensitivities of MAGE and cytologic examinations but false positive result of MAGE was found in 1 case of tuberculous pleurisy. Conclusion : MAGE is a sensitive and specific marker for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant effusion in patients with exudative pleural effusion. And MAGE would provide the equal sensitivity compared with that of cytologic examination in patients with malignant pleural effusion if 5mL of the pleural fluid is examined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.3419-3424
• /
• 2013

Diverse immunoassays including a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) are used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs). Recently, an increasing number of institutions have been utilizing an immunochromatography assay (ICA), which is easy to use. In this study, We evaluated ICA kits for the rapid detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs by comparing them with a CIA. A total of 120 serum hospital samples, were collected for the whole month, were assayed using ICA kit. The Concordance rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the ICA for HBsAg based on CIA results were 97%, 97%, 100%, 100%, and 96.8%, respectively. The diagnostic performances of the ICA for Anti-HBs were 90%, 90%, 93.3%, 93.1%, and 90.3%, respectively. The ICA kit failed to detect HBsAg and anti-HBs in low reactive samples. The ICA kits for the rapid detection of HBsAg might be recommended for interpreted with caution and dual analysis in the clinical laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the performance of the S-detect method in breast ultrasonography and to determine how to reduce unnecessary biopsy by comparing the results of the S-detect method and biopsy. Thirty patients who had undergone breast ultrasonography between August and October 2018 and were scheduled to undergo biopsy because of the presence of breast nodules were retrospectively analyzed. The McNemar test was performed to determine whether detection of a malignant breast mass significantly differed between the S-detect method and biopsy. The following results were obtained from the analysis of the S-detect method: sensitivity, 90.9%; specificity, 84.21%; validity, 86.66%; positive predictive value, 76.92%; and negative predictive value, 94.11%. Analysis of the degree of agreement between the S-detect method and biopsy revealed a kappa value as high as 0.724 (p < 0.05), exhibiting good agreement between the two methods. The S-detect method in breast ultrasonography is diagnostically valuable in terms of distinguishing between malignant and benign breast masses, and if used properly before breast biopsy, unnecessary biopsy can be reduced.