• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

The rapid climate change is strengthening carbon emissions regulations internationally. Korea is strongly pressed to accept the obligation to reduce greenhouse gases as one of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This article analyzed the Granger causalities among environmental regulation, economic growth, electricity consumption, and CO₂ emission in Korea, using unit root test, cointegration test, and vector error correction model. As the results, environmental regulation has shown the bidirectional causalities with electricity consumption and CO₂ emission, while being unilaterally affected by economic growth in the long-run and strong relationship. Economic growth has affected electricity consumption, CO2 emission, and environmental regulation in the long-run, in the complex structure of the unilateral and short-run causality with electricity consumption and the bidirectional causality with CO2 emission. The policy implications will be as follows: ① environmental regulation should induce sustainable growth through encouraging technological innovation relating to CO2 reduction and productivity enhancement. ② Responding to the international CO2 reduction regulation, the synthetic policy initiatives will be considered to make synergy effects among policies relating to economic growth, electricity consumption.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2013

The relationship between export growth and economic growth in developing countries has been one of the main issues in the growth theory field. Many of empirical studies have been done during the last three decades in order to investigate the export-led growth hypothesis using either time-series or cross-sectional data mainly in developing countries. This paper applies cointegration and error correction models to test causal relationship between export growth and economic growth in the Korean 8 manufacturing industries using the industrial time-series quarterly data over 1975-2010. The export-output relationship is tested by including industrial capital stock and the industrial labor force as exogenous variables. The cointegration and error-correction modelling technique with industrial export and output data have showed the strong evidence that there is a bi-directional causality between industrial export and industrial output in 6 manufacturing industries except wood & pulp and nonmetallic industries.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.185-202
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• 2017

Most studies based on production function theory have concluded that economic growth is a result of information technology (IT) capital use. However, some studies have indicated that economic growth is a determinant of IT investment. To determine if these results also hold at the industry level, we use the Granger causality test to analyze bidirectional causality with industry-level data for 1977~2007 from the United States. The results generally reveal that IT investment causes economic growth in many industries under the concept of Granger causality, that economic growth causes IT investment in some industries, and that IT investment is not associated with economic growth in some industries. In the country-level time-series data made by summing up the IT capital and gross output for each industry, the results do not show any causality between IT investment and economic growth. However, they show bi-directional causality between IT investment and economic growth in the panel data. These results may be a source of IT productivity paradox.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.545-552
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• 2022

The number of patent application filing for a specific technology has a good relation with the technology's life cycle and future industry development on that area. So industry and governments are highly interested in forecasting the number of patent application filing in order to take appropriate preparations in advance. In this paper, a new method based on the bidirectional long short-term memory(LSTM), a kind of recurrent neural network(RNN), is proposed to improve the forecasting accuracy compared to related methods. Compared with the Bass model which is one of conventional diffusion modeling methods, the proposed method shows the 16% higher performance with the Korean patent filing data on the five selected technology areas.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05b
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• pp.700-703
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• 2012

본 논문은 태양광 모듈을 이용한 비닐하우스 자동제어시스템으로 Zigbee를 이용한 근거리 무선 인터페이스 환경, 농작물 생육 DB에 따른 비닐하우스 제어환경 및 비닐하우스 이상 유무를 파악하기 위한 모니터링하여 비닐하우스의 개수와 관계없이 하나의 서버에서 다수의 클라이언트를 양방향으로 제어함과 동시에 모니터링을 수행할 수 있는 시스템이다. 따라서, router, end는 임의의 ID를 가지고 특정한 비닐하우스에 대한 상태를 파악할 수 있으며 비닐하우스에 대하여 제어가 독립적으로 가능하므로 특정 비닐하우스에 대한 특징을 살려 사용자가 원하는 제어를 실시간 처리됨을 확인하였다.

• 대학교육
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• s.144
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

시절에 따라 대학교수의 사회참여 형태는 그 성격을 달리해 왔다. 이승만 정권을 무너뜨릴 때 대학교수들이 중요한 역할을 했고, 박정희 정권 시절에는 기술관료의 역할과 정권의 정당화 역할을 수행하는 양방향으로 사회참여가 이루어졌다. 5공화국 시절에는 '진보적 지식인'으로서의 대학교수상이 대두되었고, 문민정부와 국민의 정부에서도 대학교수는 그 모습을 달리했다. 참여정부라 일컬어지는 현 정권 안에서 대학교수는 또 다른 역할을 요구받고 있으며 시대의 흐름상 권력과 지식은 상호 간에 적당한 거리를 유지하며 적절한 관계를 맺어야 상호 실현이 가능하다고 판단되고 있다. 결국 대학교수를 포함한 지식인의 사회참여 문제는 사회참여 그 자체가 문제가 아니라‘어떤 참여’냐 하는 문제가 되는 것이다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.441-448
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• 2019

Previous researches on automatic spacing of Korean sentences has been researched to correct spacing errors by using n-gram based statistical techniques or morpheme analyzer to insert blanks in the word boundary. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end automatic word spacing by using deep neural network. Automatic word spacing problem could be defined as a tag classification problem in unit of syllable other than word. For contextual representation between syllables, Bi-LSTM encodes the dependency relationship between syllables into a fixed-length vector of continuous vector space using forward and backward LSTM cell. In order to conduct automatic word spacing of Korean sentences, after a fixed-length contextual vector by Bi-LSTM is classified into auto-spacing tag(B or I), the blank is inserted in the front of B tag. For tag classification method, we compose three types of classification neural networks. One is feedforward neural network, another is neural network language model and the other is linear-chain CRF. To compare our models, we measure the performance of automatic word spacing depending on the three of classification networks. linear-chain CRF of them used as classification neural network shows better performance than other models. We used KCC150 corpus as a training and testing data.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2019

This article analyzes causal relationships among gross domestic product(GDP), electricity consumption, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emission and foreign direct investments(FDI) inflow of Korea over the period from 1976 to 2014, using unit root test, cointegration test, and vector error correction model(VECM). As the results, this article found (1) a long-run bi-directional causality between GDP and electricity consumption, which may imply a negative impact of electricity consumption-saving policy on economic growth, (2) uni-directional short- and long-run causalities running from $CO_2$ emission to GDP, and a uni-directional long-run causality running from $CO_2$ emission to electricity consumption, which can result in a negative impact of $CO_2$ emission reduction policy on economic growth and electricity consumption, (3) a uni-directional long-run causality running from FDI to GDP, and uni-directional short- and long-run causalities running from FDI to electricity consumption, which may result from relatively lower electricity prices than investing countries, (4) no causality between FDI and $CO_2$ emission, which is based on the characteristics of FDI composed of service industries. Considering the above causal relationships among the four variables, the policy implication needs to focus on the electricity demand management based on the relevant R&Ds, and on the gradual transition from fossil fuel- to renewable-energy. Adaptive policy to increase the FDI inflow is also needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.221-222
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• 2014

병원이 가깝지 못해서 혹은 사정이 넉넉하지 못해서, 혹은 병원에 갈 상황이 되지 못해서 병원에 가지 못하는 많은 사람들을 위해서는 보다, 환자의 입장에서 편리한 방법으로 진료를 하거나, 혹은 자가 치료, 자가 진단을 할 수 있는 교육이 필요하다. 그와 같은 원격의료를 하기 위해서는 의료가 실시 되는 기기의 수용의도가 중요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 원격의료를 위한 사용자(환자) 수용의도를 높이기 위해 요인관계를 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 총 299명에 설문에 참여하였으며, 15세~20세: 58명, 30대:86명, 40대:96명, 50대:59명이 참석하였으며 기술수용모델을 적용하였다. 연구는 원격의료에 사용되어지는 것이 가능한 양방향서비스기기 -IPTV, PC, 스마트폰(패드포함)-을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 연령 및 성별에 따라 사용의도가 크게 차이가 남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 매체자체에 대한 사용의도가 원격의료 수용의도에 큰 영향을 줌을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Recently, constructions of coastal structure including wind turbine structure have increased at southwest shore of Korea. There is a big difference of tide which rage from 3.0 m to 8.0 m at south and wet shore of Korea, respectively. In such ocean circumstance, large scour may occur due to multi-directional tidal current and transverse stress of the wind. therefore scour surrounding wind turbine structure can make system unsafe due to unexpected system vibration. In this study, hydraulic resistance capacity, i.e., critical velocity and critical shear stress, was evaluated by RCT. Uni-directional and bi-directional hydraulic resistance capacities of the samples which were consolidated by different preconsolidation pressures were correlated with soil resistivities of same samples. According to the correlation, it is possible to estimate hydraulic resistance capacity from electrical resistivity of soil. Through the updating the correlation for various soil types, it is expected that the hydraulic resistance capacity of whole construction site will be simply determined from the electrical resistivity.