• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2011

Lanasol dyes containing ${\alpha}$-bromoacrylamide or ${\alpha},{\beta}$-dibromopropionylamide group are used for wool dyeing. They are normally applied to wool under pH 4.5 to 6.5 at $100^{\circ}C$. Although wool fabric can be dyed to obtain deep colour, high light and wet fastness, the dyeing processes need long dyeing time at high temperature, with salt addition, which inevitably causes environmental problems. Grafting is a modification method for textile where monomers are covalently bonded onto the polymer chain. It can be initiated by ozone, ${\gamma}$ rays, electron beams, plasma, corona discharge and UV irradiation. Coloration by UV-induced photografting exhibits several advantages such as fast reaction rate, energy saving, simple equipment, easy exploitation and environmentally friendliness. Also it requires much lower energy compared to the conventional dyeing and less damage to the substrate. In this study, a direct sequential UV-induced photografting onto wool fabrics was discussed. To understand the graft polymerization mechanism further, several characterization methods were used. Moreover, the effects of several principal factors on the graft photopolymerization were investigated. Furthermore, the colorfastness results were compared with conventional dyeing methods.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 1992

Wool tropical and nylon taffeta were treated with low temperature plasma of $O_2$, $N_2$, NH$_3$, CF$_4$ and CH$_4$ for the intervals of 10 to 300 sec, and then dyed with leveling and milling type acid dyes in presence or absence of buffer solution. From the color depth of dyed fabrics, effect of plasma gases, treated time, dyeing time and temperature on dyeing property was studied. The results of the experiment can be summarized as follows: 1) The plasma treatments except methane gas increased the color depth of dyed wool fabrics, but not that of dyed nylon fabrics regardless of the plasma gases used. 2) The color depth of wool fabrics dyed in the dye bath without buffer solution was increased by the low temperature plasma, especially increased much more by CF$_4$ plasma treatment. It is found that with the identification of F- ion in the residual dye bath the hydrogen fluoride gas was adsorbed on wool fabrics in the plasma treatment. 3) The color depth of wool fabrics was increased with the time of $O_2$ and CF$_4$ plasma treatments. 4) In both cases of the leveling and milling type acid dyes, the rate of dyeing was increased in the low temperature plasma treatments, and it is found that the leveling type acid dye increased the color depth at relatively low temperature below 4$0^{\circ}C$, compared with the milling type acid dye.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to define optimal conditions for wool blend fabric dyeing using Rhus verniciflua extract. K/S value, surface color change, the fastness to light, fastness to dry-cleaning, metal mordanting effects and antimicrobial activities were investigated. The results were summarized as follows; As the storage time of Rhus verniciflua stokes dyeing solution was longer, K/S was improved. K/S value showed the highest one when dyeing temperature and time were at 100oC and 60 minutes respectively. As for the changes of pH values of the dyeing solution, fabric was dyed well with the pH value of acid or neutral. K/S value recorded the highest at pH6 and the lowest at pH10. Fastness to light showed the unmordanted fabric is 2.84, and Fe is 1.69 on color difference. Antibacterial activities of Rhus verniciflua dyeing solution recorded high figures in both dyed fabric with unmordanted and dyed fabric with mordanting.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

It is important in the durable water and oil repellent finishing for wool fabric what kinds of water-repellent agents will be used. Water repellent agents and its concentration were aleady chosen in the previous paper, one of the crosslinking agents which has less damages(harsh handle or yellowing) to the treated fabrics was a low molecular weight urethane-based resins(eg. Elastron BN-11). In repellent finishing, fabrics were padded in a bath which contained aqueous solution of water-repellent agents, and crosslinking agents, and wetting agents, followed by drying and curing. The most suitable treating condition for excellent repellency and durability to dry-cleaning was as follows ： Fabrics are padded at liquor pick-up ratio of 50%, with aqueous solution which contained $30g/\ell$ of water-repellent agents, and $1g/\ell$ of crosslinking agents, and 40g/s of wetting agents. And the padded fabrics were dried at $110^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute, and cured at $160^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute. For the fabrics, water and oil repellencies and durability to repeated dry-cleanings were observed. For enhancing the durability to dry-cleaning, the role of crosslinking agents was important for they bonds water-repellent agents and fibers to 3-dimensional net structure. Therefore, the most suitable drying and curing conditions should be selected according to the kinds of crosslinking agents.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.34-43
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• 1991

The dyeing property of milling type acid dyes with various chemical constitution were studied in one bath dyeing of Wool/Nylon blended fabrics and the proper dyeing condition to get solid color by using reserving agent was also examined. The result of the experiments can be summarized as follows; 1) Although the effect of pH on dyeing of wool with a highly hydrophiilic dye is great in the dyeing of wool and nylon, the proper pH of dyeing bath is weakly acidic 5, in which levelling dye can be obtained by increasing the solubility product. 2) Under a constant pH, the dye with fewer numbers of sulfonic acid groups increases the dyeing amount of nylon as the concentration of the dye is increased. Thus the appropriate dye for light color is the one with many numbers of sulfonic acid groups and the proper dye for medium and deep color is of fewer sulfonic acid groups for one-bath dyeing. 3) When the dye concentration is greater than the critical depth, the K/S value of wool and nylon was almost not effected or slightly increased.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2001

Shrink resist finishing of wool fabric was carried out with Monoethanol aminesulphite (MONAMIN BTN) shrink resist agent after chlorination with Dichloro isocyanuric acid (DCCA). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of treating conditions, such as concentrations of DCCA and MONAMIN BTN, pH of treating bath, dyeing times, curing times and temperatures, on dyeing property of wool fabrics. K/S values and fastness properties of dyed wool fabrics were measured. The K/S values of dyed fabrics were increased gradually with increasing concentration, and decreased with increasing curing time. The optimum dyeing time and curing temperature were 60 min and $140^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also it seems likely that the shrink resist finishing carried out at 3% (o.w.f.) of MONAMIN BTN and pH 7 of resin treating bath is effective in increasing K/S values. Light fastness of fabric dyed was very poor and the fastness of fabric dyed was not influenced by the treatment conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.4 s.40
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• pp.373-380
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• 1991

In the previous paper, we already discussed about the factor effected upon the initial maximum value of heat flux ($q_{max}$). Thermal conductivity, thermal transmittance and surface air cavity of wool fabrics were examind and their correlation to the $q_{max}$ was also studied In this study, the other factor was examined which had on effect upon the qmaf of an objective measure of warm/cool feeling. It was studied that the qmax correlated to the surface sturucture parameters (compression, friction, smoothness, roughness, thickness and weight). It was concerned to the degree of warm/cool feeling when we touched hand on fabrics. We selected twenty sorts of pure wool woven fabrics for men's fall-winter cloth (all Wool). The conclusions are as follow; 1. There was a good correlation between the $q_{max}$ and the compression property. 2. The surface structure parameters, smoothness and roughness, made various effects on the $q_{max}$, when the samples touched on a thin copper plate. So, there was not a certain correla-tion to the $q_{max}$.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The objective was to study the efficiency of Houttuynia cordata extract colorants as eco-friendly and functional dye for wool fabrics. Effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated. Also, antimicrobial activity and deodorization performance were evaluated. The Houttuynia cordata colorants showed good affinity to wool fabrics and produced YR Munsell color. The optimum condition of dyeing was 2.0% of colorants concentration(o.w.b.) at 100℃ for 60 minutes under pH 5.3. Regardless of the mordant type and mordanting method, mordants improved dye uptake and the increase in dye uptake by Fe mordant was higher than that of Al mordant. Al post-mordanting and Fe mordanting changed the color of dyed fabrics with Y Munsell color. The colorfastness of un-mordanted and Al post-mordanted fabrics were excellent above grade 4. Bacteria reduction rate(Staphylococcus aureus) of wool fabrics dyed with Houttuynia cordata colorants was excellent at 98.2%. Also, the deodorization was good at 81%. The results show Houttuynia cordata colorants can be used as a functional natural dye for wool fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.2 s.24
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• pp.101-112
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) when wool is treated with sodium hydroxide(NaOH). Physical and chemical changes were examined on wool treated with various cone. of NaOH and SDS simultaneously. The result are as follows. 1. The higher the temperature and the longer the time of NaOH treatment are, the more alkali damage wool get : increase in weight loss and decrease in urea-bisalphite solubility and in tensile strength. But the treatment time reacts less effective than the temperature. 2. When wool is treated with NaOH, at NaOH cone. under $10^{-3}M$., the addition of SDS alleviates the alkali reaction on wool: increase in cystine contents and in urea-bisulpite solubility, and decrease in degree of swelling. On the other hand, at NaOH cone. over $10^{-2}M$., the addition of SDS promotes the alkali reaction on the wool. 3. When wool is treated with NaOH, the addition of SDS shows no changes on the tensile strength. On the other hand, at NaOH cone. under $10^{-2}M$., the addition of SDS shows no changes on the softness of wool, but at the $10^{-1}M$. NaOH cone. addition of SDS increases the soft-ness of wool. The area shrinkage of wool treated with NaOH and SDS shows less changes than with NaOH only.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

The hat excavated from the tomb of Hojeo-myon Wonsung-gun in Kangwon province was dry-cleaned and restored. The hat was made of wool felt and decorated with several strands of silk cord. It was very dirty and moth-eaten. After getting rid of the particle soils on a surface with painting brush, the hat was dry-cleaned using perchloroethylene applying the minimum force, and blotting paper was used for drying. During cleaning, it was supported by the stainless steel net. The weight loss was 7.94% after cleaning. The soils sticked on the hat was removed clearly. The texture of the hat became softer after cleaning. Color difference(∆E) was 2.57, which is a noticeable change. The color became clear and changed to the red and yellow range. After dry-cleaning, the hat was repaired. Dislocated silk cords were fixed to the right place by stitching with silk yarn. To keep the shape of the hat, it should be supported by a hat-shaped stiff net during exibition and storing.