• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2018

Most diagnostic devices in the medical field use X-ray sources, which emit energy spectra. In radiological diagnosis, the quantitative and qualitative analyses of X-rays are essential for maintaining the image quality and minimizing the radiation dose to patients. This work aims to obtain the X-ray energy spectra used in diagnostic imaging by Monte Carlo simulation. Various X-ray spectra are simulated using a Monte Carlo simulation tool. These spectra are then compared to the reference data obtained with a tungsten anode spectral model using the interpolating polynomial (TASMIP) code. The X-ray tube voltages used are 50, 60, 80, 100, and 110 kV, respectively. CdTe and a-Se detector are used as the detectors for obtaining the X-ray spectra. Simulation results demonstrate that the various X-ray spectra are well matched with the reference data. Based on the simulation results, an appropriate X-ray spectrum, in accordance with the tube voltage, can be selected when generating an image for diagnostic imaging. The dose to be delivered to the patient can be predicted prior to examination in the diagnostic field.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2003

유황 양 전극과 액체 전해질, 리튬 금속을 음극으로 사용한 리튬 유황 전지를 제조하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 유황 전극은 유황파우더와 carbon black 을 도전재로, 그리고 바인더로 PVdF를 사용하여 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 셀은 두개의 다른 전압 구간에서 충방전 실험을 행하였다. 첫 번째 셀은 $S_8+{\chi}Li{\leftrightarrow}Li_2S_x(X=4{\sim}12)$ 반응만을 일어나 게 하기 위하여 2.1V 와 2.5V 사이에서, 그리고 두 번째 셀은 $Li_2S_x+{\chi}Li{\leftrightarrow}Li_2S(x=2{\sim}4)$의 반응만을 일어나게 하기 위하여 1.5V 와 2.5V 에서 충방전 하였다. 그 결과 첫 번째 셀이 더 좋은 싸이클 특성을 가지는 것을 확인 탈 수 있었다. 각 전압구간에서 각 셀이 충방전 되는 동안, 전해질 내로 녹아난 유황의 양은 큰 차치가 없는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고, 전압에 따른 전극의 임피던스를 측정한 결과, 방전이 끝난 후 큰 저항성분이 새로 생긴 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 사이클이 진행된 후의 전극표면을 SEM 분석을 행한 결과로부터 사이클이 진행된 후 전극 표면에 최종 반응 산물인 $Li_2S$ 가 피막형태로 형성된것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.625-630
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• 2013

The friction behavior of a 60-${\mu}m$-thick anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film having cylindrical nanopores of 45-nm diameter was investigated as a function of impregnated oil viscosity ranging from 3.4 to 392.6 cSt. Reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding friction tests using a 1-mm-diameter steel ball as the counterpart were carried out with normal load ranging from 0.1 to 1 N in an ambient environment. The friction coefficient significantly decreased with an increase in the oil viscosity. The boundary lubrication film remained effectively under all test conditions when high-viscosity oil was impregnated, whereas it was easily destroyed when low-viscosity oil was impregnated. Thin plastic deformed layer patches were formed on the worn surface with high-viscosity oil without evidence of tribochemical reaction and transfer of counterpart material.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.509-513
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• 2020

The performance of TiO₂ microcones/CNT composites as an anode material for lithium ion batteries was investigated. TiO₂ microcones/CNT composites were prepared by the polarization followed by electrophoretic deposition approaches on anodic TiO₂ microcones, which were composed of individual nanofragments resulting in a large surface area where lithium ion can be stored. Compared to pristine TiO₂ microcones, TiO₂ microcones/CNT composite electrodes showed higher areal capacity with a stable cyclability due to an enhanced electrical and lithium ion conductivity. Furthermore, TiO₂ microcones/CNT composite electrodes exhibited good cycle life characteristics and excellent rate retention under a high current density of up to 20 C.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.401-406
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• 2015

Getter is a class of materials used in absorbing gases such as hydrogen and moisture in microelectronics or semiconductor devices to operate properly. In this study, we developed a new device structure consisting of porous anodized alumina films on textured silicon wafer, which have cost efficiency in materials and processing aspects. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with controlled pore sizes can be applied to a high-efficiency moisture absorber due to the high surface area and OH- saturated surface property. The moisture sorption capacity was 2.02% (RH=35%), obtained by analyzing isothermal adsorption/desorption curve.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2197-2202
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• 2014

In this paper, we report on an investigation of highly sensitive sensing performance of a hydrogen sensor composed of palladium (Pd) nanowires. The Pd nanowires have been grown by electrodeposition into nanochannels and liberated from the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by dissolving in an aqueous solution of NaOH. A combination of photo-lithography, electron beam lithography and a lift-off process has been utilized to fabricate the sensor using the Pd nanowire. The hydrogen concentrations for 2% and 0.1% were obtained from the sensitivities (${\Delta}R/R$) for 1.92% and 0.18%, respectively. The resistance of the Pd nanowires depends on absorption and desorption of hydrogen. Therefore, we expect that the Pd nanowires can be applicable for detecting highly sensitive hydrogen gas at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

Due to excellent corrosion resistance, in particular against sea water, Al-2wt.$\%$Zn alloys have been used as the sacrifice anode material for tube of the ORV. Al-2wt.$\%$Zn alloys thermal-sprayed coating, however, were spalled on the lower part of ORV due to the lack of bonding strength between base material and coating layer and the dropping energy of sea water, To overcome the problems of the thermal spray coating, we developed the cladded tube manufacturing process by coextrusion of the clad and base metal. The corrosion resistance of cladded tube was improved by two times at least, compared with that of the present thermal spray coated vaporizer tubes.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.42-51
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• 2021

Dissociation into Lithium-polysulfide electrolyte due to repeated cycles during the Lithium/Sulfur battery reaction is a major problem of reduced battery lifespan. We searched for a porous carbon with a large specific surface area that infiltrated S to prevent liquid Lithium-polysulfide from being dissolved in electrolyte, induce adsorption of Lithium-polysulfide, and further increase conductivity. In order to obtain porous carbon spheres with a large specific surface area, the carbon spheres of 1939 m²/g were raised to 2200 m²/g through additional KOH treatment. In addition, through heat treatment with S, a carbon sulfur compound containing 75 wt% of S was fabricate and material analysis was conducted on the possibility of using the cathode material. The electrochemical characteristics of the Reference (622; sulfur: 60%, conductive material: 20%, binder: 20%) pouch cell and the pouch cell made using 75wt% of carbon sulfur compound were analyzed. 75wt% of carbon sulfur pouch cell showed a 20% increase in lifespan and 10% improvement in C-rate compared to the Reference pouch cell after 50 cycles.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.60-67
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• 2019

A valuable metal recovery from waste resources such as spent rechargeable secondary batteries is of critical issues because of a sharp increase in the amount of waste resources. In this context, it is necessary to research not only recycling waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but also reusing valuable metals (e.g., Li, Co, Ni, Mn etc.) recovered from waste LIBs. In particular, the lithium hydroxide ($LiOH{\cdot}xH_2O$), which is of precursors that can be prepared by the recovery of Li in waste LIBs, can be reused as a catalyst, a carbon dioxide absorbent, and again as a precursor for cathode materials of LIB. However, most studies of recycling the waste LIBs have been focused on the preparation of lithium carbonate with a recovery of Li. Herein, we show the preparation of high purity lithium hydroxide powder along with the precipitation process, and the systematic study to find an optimum condition is also carried out. The lithium carbonate, which is recovered from waste LIBs, was used as starting materials for synthesis of lithium hydroxide. The optimum precipitation conditions for the preparation of LiOH were found as follows: based on stirring, reaction temperature $90^{\circ}C$, reaction time 3 hr, precursor ratio 1:1. To synthesize uniform and high purity lithium hydroxide, 2-step precipitation process was additionally performed, and consequently, high purity $LiOH{\cdot}xH_2O$ powder was obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2018

철강재는 대량 생산이 가능하며 경제성이 뛰어나고 기계적 성질도 우수하므로 다양한 산업 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 철강재는 부식 환경에 취약하기 때문에 그 용도에 따라 다양한 내식성을 부여하는 표면처리를 적용하고 있다. 일반적으로 이러한 철강 재료에 대한 내식성 표면처리로는 습식공정을 이용한 아연(Zn)도금 표면처리가 널리 적용되고 있다. 그러나 최근에는 이러한 습식공정으로 인해 발생하는 자원소모 및 환경적인 문제와 더불어 고내식성 표면처리 소재에 대한 수요가 증가함에 따라 이러한 단점을 극복할 수 있는 새로운 소재 및 기술 개발에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 기존의 습식표면처리 공정을 건식으로 대체 또는 병행하고, 현행 아연소재를 대체할 수 있는 코팅소재로써 알루미늄(Al) 이나 마그네슘(Mg)으로 대체하는 방법이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강판의 내식성을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로 기존의 습식 표면처리 공정에서 용이하지 않은 마그네슘을 이용하여 건식 PVD 프로세스에 의해 코팅막의 제작을 시도하였다. 그리고 코팅막 제작 조건 중에서 공정압력이 코팅막의 결정배향성에 미치는 영향과 내식성과의 상관관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 즉, 여기서는 강판 및 용융알루미늄 도금강판 상에 스퍼터링법에 의해 Ar 가스에 의한 공정압력을 2, 10 및 50 mTorr로 조절하면서 마그네슘 코팅막을 $2{\mu}m$ 두께로 각각 제작하였다. 이때 제작한 막의 표면 모폴로지 관찰(SEM) 및 결정구조 분석(XRD) 결과에 의하면, 강판 및 용융알루미늄도금강판 상에 제작한 코팅막들은 공통적으로 공정압력이 증가할수록 그모폴로지의 결정립의 크기가 작고 치밀한 구조로 변하였다. 또한 그때 형성된 코팅막의 결정구조는 표면에너지가 상대적으로 높은 Mg(002)면 피크의 점유율이 감소하고 표면에너지가 낮은 Mg(101)면 피크의 점유율이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 공정압력이 증가할수록 Mg 격자 간 면 간격(d-value)이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상에서 제작한 마그네슘 코팅막의 결정성장 과정은 본 진공 플라즈마 PVD 공정중 증착가 더불어 흡착역할을 하는 Ar의 움직임에 따라 설명 가능하였다[1,2]. 코팅막의 양극분극(Polarization)측정 결과에 의하면, 공정압력이 높은 조건에서 제작한 막일수록 부동태 특성이 우수하여 내식성이 향상되는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히, 공정압력이 상대적으로 높은 50 mTorr 조건에서 제작된 코팅막이 표면 마그네슘 결정의 크기가 조밀하고 결정구조는 Mg(002)면과 Mg(101)면의 상대강도 비가 유사하여 내식성 가장 우수하였다.