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Immune-Enhancing Effects of Phellinus linteus Fruit Body and Mycelium Cultured in Cudrania tricuspidata (꾸지뽕나무 배양 상황버섯 자실체 및 균사체의 면역증진 효과)

  • Hong, Da Hyun;Joo, In Hwan;Park, Jong Min;Han, Su Hyun;Lee, Su Bin;Gwak, Seong Geun;Kim, Dong Hee
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.275-281
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    • 2019
  • Polysaccharides produced in microorganisms and plants are known to increase the immune response in the body. We proposed analysis of beta-glucan contents of phellinus linteus fruit body (FB) and mycelium (MC) cultured in cudrania tricuspidata. Also, we examined whether fruit body and mycelium can increase the immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression animal models. We injected cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) twice to produce immunosuppression mice. Then, FB (200 mg/kg) and MC (200 mg/kg) were oral administered for 14 days. In order to confirm the immune-enhancing effect of FB and MC, we analyzed spleen weight, the number of immune cells, cytokines, and immunoglobulins levels. Cyclophosphamide decreased the weight of spleen, the number of immune cells. However, FB and MC have significantly increased the weight of spleen, the number of white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte. In addition, they have significantly increased immune-related cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$) and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels. As a results, phellinus linteus fruit body (FB) and mycelium (MC) cultured in cudrania tricuspidata can be used as effective natural materials for immune-enhancing.

A New Sweetpotato Variety for flowering "Morningpurple" (개화성 고구마 신품종 "모닝퍼플")

  • Lee, Joon-Seol;Jeong, Kwang-Ho;Kim, Hag-Sin;Ahn, Young-sup;Chung, Mi-Nam;Kim, Jeong-ju;Bang, Jin-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.201-205
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    • 2008
  • 'Morningpurple' is a new sweetpotato variety developed by Mokpo Experiment Station, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2007, for flowering. This variety was selected from the cross between Sinchunmi and Hi-dry in 2004, seedling and line selections were practiced from 2005 to 2006. 'Morningpurple' has morning glory type flowers with purple color. It has triangular leaf, green with purple vine and petiole, elliptic storage root, red skin and yellow flesh color of storage root. The average yield of storage root was 15.0 ton/ha. Number of storage roots over 50 gram per plant was 2.6, and the average weight of storage root was 143 gram.

Fermentative transformation of ginsenosides by a combination of probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus and Pediococcus pentosaceus (프로바이틱스 Lactobacillus helveticus와 Pediococcus pentosaceus의 조합에 의한 진세노사이드의 발효적 형질전환)

  • Palaniyandi, Sasikumar Arunachalam;Le, Bao;Kim, Jin-Man;Yang, Seung Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.436-441
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    • 2018
  • Ginseng are native traditional herbs, which exhibit excellent pharmacological activities. Probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus KII13 and Pediococcus pentosaceus strain KID7 were used for ginsenoside transformation by fermenting crude ginseng extract to enhance minor gisenoside content. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of fermented ginseng extract showed that the minor ginsenosides Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 were main products after 5 days of fermentation. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify the major and minor ginsenosides. The Rg3 peak appeared on the 3rd day while the appearance of Rh2 peak and Rh1 peak were observed on the 5th day. The co-culture of L. helveticus KII13 and P. pentosaceus KID7 converted major ginsenosides (Rb1 and Rg1) into minor ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, and Rh1).

A Convergence Study on the Relationship between Food Preferences and Intrinsic Motivation of Rural Tourism (농촌관광의 내재적동기와 음식선호에 대한 융복합 연구)

  • Kang, Keoung-Shim;Lee, Soon-Yea
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.272-283
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of research is to suggest the direction of rural tourism and food products by looking at the relevance of the intrinsic motivation and food preference. Through the analysis, factors of 'leisure oriented', 'family oriented', 'relationship oriented', 'health oriented', and food preference 'cooking health', 'material function', 'local resource' and 'consume experience' were extracted. Through the correlation analysis, 'leisure and health oriented' was found to be significant with cooking health, 'relationship and health oriented' was significant with material function, 'leisure, family and relationship oriented' was significant with local resource and 'relationship oriented' was significant with consume experience. Therefore, tourists who want rest, healing and health need to provide healthy dishes, tourists who want family and leisure provide local or special dishes, and tourists who want to have a relationship with people need to provide functional foods or herbal medicine dishes. Food products that meet the needs of tourists will induce revisit by increasing tourist satisfaction and bring economic revitalization of the region through the expansion of rural tourism.

Antibacterial Effect of Various Fermentation Products and Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes of E.coli (다양한 발효액의 항균효과와 대장균의 유전적 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Heo, Jihye
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2022
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are typical opportunistic pathogens. Moreover, these bacteria are known to possess multidrug-resistant (MDR) properties. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of six fermented products, which have varying efficacies against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. To identify novel candidate genes, differential expression analysis was performed using an annealing control primer. In the disk diffusion method, Fig vinegar (FV) and Diospyros kaki Thunb vinegar (DTV) showed the greatest increase in inhibition compared to other fermented products, whereas fermented Korean traditional nature herb (FKTNH) had no antibacterial effect. This study identified down-regulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ompW gene for outer membrane protein W, whereas gene for synthetic construct Lao1 gene for L-amino acid oxidase were up-regulated in E. coli treated with 5% FV. Consuming fermented vinegar helps prevent bacterial infections. Especially, FV and DTV are potentially useful alternative natural products for multidrug resistance. Furthermore, both are expected to be used as effective natural antimicrobial agents, such as disinfectants.

Antibacterial activity of Bio-fermented Galla Rhios Extract (오배자 발효추출물의 항세균활성)

  • Doh, Eun Soo;Yoo, Ji Hyun
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : This experimental study was performed in order to investigate the antibacterial effect of bio-fermented Galla Rhois extract. Methods : The Galla Rhois extract was fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and their products was tested for antibacterial activity against six pathogenic microorganisms namely, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by paper disc diffusion method. Results : The Galla Rhois fermented extract by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed more effective antibacterial activity than not fermented extract against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Antibacterial activity of fermented extract using especially Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was proved that it was good with even 2 percents concentration. Antibacterial activity of Galla Rhois extract within pH 3 to pH 7 had been safe regardless of pH but low over pH 9. The growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus had a tendency to decrease depend on the increasing concentration of the extract. EtOEt, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of the Galla Rhois extract had a high level of antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Surprisingly, EtOAc fractions of the Galla Rhois extract showed higher antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus alone. And antibacterial activity against six pathogenic microorganisms had a tendency to increase depend on the increasing concentration of the fractions of the Galla Rhois extract. Conclusions : Bio-fermented Galla Rhois extract, efficiently inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Preventive Effects of Pectin Lyase-Modified Red Ginseng Extract on renal injury in db/db mice (홍삼가수분해추출물의 db/db 마우스에서 신장 손상 예방효과)

  • Kim, Chan-Sik;Jo, Kyuhyung;Pyo, Mi Kyung;Kim, Jin Sook;Kim, Junghyun
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most significant chronic complications of diabetes. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy. GS-E3D is an enzymatic modified red ginseng extract by pectin lyase and has an increased concentration of the ginsenoside Rd compared to an unmodified red ginseng extract. In this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of GS-E3D on renal dysfunction in the type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Methods : GS-E3D (100 or 250 mg/kg body weight per day) was given to db/db mice through oral gavage for 6 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose levels were examined. At the end of the experiment, albuminuria was measured. The renal tissues were collected for histological examination, and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect renal accumulation of AGEs and podocyte loss Results : In the db/db mice, severe hyperglycemia developed, and albuminuria was significantly increased. Diabetes induced markedly morphological alterations to the renal glomerular cells. AGE accumulations and podocyte loss were detected in renal glomeruli. No difference in blood glucose levels was noted between GS-E3D-treated and vehicletreated diabetic db/db mice. However, GS-E3D treatment significantly reduced albuminuria and AGE accumulations in diabetic mice. Moreover, the loss of podocytes was restored by GS-E3D treatment. Conclusions : GS-E3D might be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The ability of GS-E3D on to attenuate albuminuria and podocyte dysfunction in the db/db mice may be mediated by the inhibition of AGE accumulation.

A Seven Cases of Treating Atrophic Acne Scar with Subcision, Microneedle Therapy System and Herbal Peeling Therapy (절개침과 미세피부침, 약초필링을 이용한 위축성 여드름 흉터 치료 7례 임상보고)

  • Hyun-Seong Kim;Kyeong-Won Park;Yun-Jo Lee;Sang-Ok Choi;Ju-Young Jeong;Hyun-Jun An;Chung-Hee Lee;Chul-Hee Hong
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.140-149
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    • 2023
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to present the effect of subcision, microneedle therapy system and herbal peeling therapy which is treatment of Korean medicine to atrophic acne scar patients. Methods : We administered subcision, microneedle therapy system and herbal peeling therapy to atrophic acne scar patients and tested the results by Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System and Korean Acne Grading System as well. Results : After the treatment, all of the patients showed improvements in Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System and Korean Acne Grading System as well. Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System of patients changed from grade 2.71±0.71 to grade 1.14±0.86 along with the change of Korean Acne Grading System from grade 1.57±0.57 to grade 1.00±0.00. Conclusions : Subcision, microneedle therapy system and herbal peeling therapy may be effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acne scars, and could be applied in clinical practice.

Yield and Fruit Quality of Pepper as Affected by Different Liquid Fertilizer in Organic Farming (고추 유기농 재배 시 액비처리에 따른 수량 및 품질)

  • Nam, Chun-Woo;Cho, Young-Sang;Moon, Hee-Ja;Chae, Soo-Young;Yang, Eun-Young;Cho, Myeong-Cheoul
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.387-403
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    • 2020
  • This experiment was carried out to determine optimal concentration of organic liquids for the improvement of antioxidant in pepper. As human beings enter the age of 100, they are naturally recognized as a standard of high quality agricultural products for safety and improvement of functional materials. Tomatoes are among the most consumed vegetables in the world and there is a growing interest in varieties with high functional content. However, there is a limit to the improvement of functional materials of certain varieties, so it is necessary to study the improvement of materials by cultivation physiology and environmental conditions. The test material was sown on March 15th in Wanju province and on June 15th in rain shelter house using pepper "suppermanidda" varieties. To investigate the optimum concentration of organic liquids for the improvement of antioxidant, 15 kinds of treatments were carried out including control, tomato liquid fertilizer etc. The liquid fertilizer of organic material was treated with 6 times of irrigation, and the analysis of nutrients and antioxidant was done by harvesting pepper on the September 10th. The contents of beta-carotene was increased in the T3, T4, T12 treatments, vitamin C was in the P14 treatments, flavonoid, polyphenol were in the P12 treatment compared to the control. In T12 treatment, flavonoid increased by 115.9%, polyphenol by 121.7%, beta-carotene by 117.2% and vitamin C by 136.1% compared to the control. There was no significant difference in the growth characteristics and characteristics of pepper fruit of pepper according to liquid fertilizer treatment. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the organic antioxidant is affected by the liquid fertilizer treatments of organic materials and it is necessary to study the environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture and photosynthesis.

Ginseng Research in Natural Products Research Institute (NPRI) and the Pharmaceutical Industry Complex in Gaesong (생약연구소의 인삼연구와 약도개성)

  • Park, Ju-young
    • Journal of Ginseng Culture
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    • v.3
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    • pp.54-73
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    • 2021
  • The Natural Products Research Institute (NPRI, 生藥硏究所), an institution affiliated with Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學), was the predecessor of the NPRI at Seoul National University and a comprehensive research institute that focused on ginseng research during the Japanese colonial era. It was established under the leadership of Noriyuki Sugihara (杉原德行), a professor of the second lecture in pharmacology at the College of Medicine in Keijo Imperial University. Prof. Sugihara concentrated on studying Korean ginseng and herbal medicine beginning in 1926 when the second lecture of pharmacology was established. In addition to Prof. Sugihara, who majored in medicine and pharmacology, Kaku Tenmin (加來天民), an assistant professor who majored in pharmacy; Tsutomu Ishidoya (石戶谷勉), a lecturer who majored in agriculture and forestry; and about 36 researchers actively worked in the laboratory before the establishment of the NPRI in 1939. Among these personnel, approximately 14 Korean researchers had basic medical knowledge, derived mostly from specialized schools, such as medical, dental, and pharmaceutical institutions. As part of the initiative to explore the medicinal herbs of Joseon, the number of Korean researchers increased beginning in 1930. This increase started with Min Byung-Ki (閔丙祺) and Kim Ha-sik (金夏植). The second lecture of pharmacology presented various research results in areas covering medicinal plants in Joseon as well as pharmacological actions and component analyses of herbal medicines. It also conducted joint research with variousinstitutions. Meanwhile, in Gaesong (開城), the largest ginseng-producing area in Korea, the plan for the Pharmaceutical Industry Complex was established in 1935. This was a large-scale project aimed at generating profits through research on and the mass production of drugs and the reformation of the ginseng industry under collaboration among the Gaesong Ministry, Kwandong (關東) military forces, Keijo Imperial University, and private organizations. In 1936 and 1938, the Gyeonggi Provincial Medicinal Plant Research Institute (京畿道立 藥用植物硏究所) and the Herb Garden of Keijo Imperial University (京城帝國大學 藥草園) and Pharmaceutical Factory were established, respectively. These institutions merged to become Keijo Imperial University's NPRI, which wasthen overseen by Prof. Sugihara as director. Aside from conducting pharmacological research on ginseng, the NPRI devoted efforts to the development and sale of ginseng-based drugs, such as Sunryosam (鮮麗蔘), and the cultivation of ginseng. In 1941, the Jeju Urban Test Center (濟州島試驗場) was established, and an insecticide called Pancy (パンシ) was produced using Jeju-do medicinal herbs. However, even before research results were published in earnest, Japanese researchers, including Prof. Sugihara, hurriedly returned to Japan in 1945 because of the surrender of Japanese forces and the liberation of Korea. The NPRI was handed over to Seoul National University and led by Prof. Oh Jin-Sup (吳鎭燮), a former medical student at Keijo Imperial University. Scholars such as Woo Lin-Keun (禹麟根) and Seok Joo-Myung (石宙明) worked diligently to deal with the Korean pharmaceutical industry.