• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1983

The intestinal drug-resistant bacteria of carps in three recirculating system ponds in Pusan from May to September 1981 were isolated. Both fishes and waters, sampled from the fish farm in National Fisheries University of Pusan and Nakdong River, were tested in 1982. As results of both experiments, although frequent occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria was low in comparison with the foreign countries, it showed incresing tendency in this experiments, and level of the drug-resistant tolerance was incresing gradually. To decrease drug-resistant bacteria of culturing waters and fishes in our country, it is nessesary that, we should diagnose diseases actually and cure them with a right prescription and dosage. .At the end, it is the best way not to abuse drugs fundamentally.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is recognized to be the most difficult pathogen to control and treat in pediatric burn centers. We analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of A. baumannii in our pediatric burn intensive care unit during the past 7 years. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 56 patients (105 samples) under the age 15 years and who were infected with A. baumannii between January 1999 and December 2005. Results : Fot the 56 patients, the ratio of males to females was 1.15:1 and the median age was 48.3 months. The sites of 105 isolates were wounds (65%), sputum (20%), blood (6 %), cutdown tips (5%), endo-tip tubes (2%) and urine (2%). A. baumannii presented yearround. The annual antimicrobial resistance rate increased and the multidrug resistant rate for two or more antibiotics was 93.33%. For 3 patients in whom resistance emerged, the interval period between the susceptible and resistant strains after antibiotic use was a mean of 10 days. The A. baumannii isolated from blood were all multi-drug resistant pathogens. Conclusion : Multidrug resistance of A. baumannii is increasing. Strict infection control guidelines and active surveillance are needed for the prevention and treatment of A. baumannii in hospitals.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 2000

Background : Usually fever subsides within one week in over 90% of pulmonary tuberculosis (TBp) patients after the start of short-course anti-tuberculosis therapy, but occasionally it persists over two weeks after treatment. When the fever persists, drug resistance, combined infection, or drug fever, and so on, are considered as an etiology and, in some cases, drugs are changed. But inadvertent discontinuation of a short-course regimen inevitably will extend the duration of treatment, and the treatment completion may be delayed. This study was performed to investigate the causes of prolonged fever (PF) and to identify the predictors of PF in drug-susceptible TBp patients in Korea. Method : Five hundred-ninety-eight patients, who were admitted to Asan Medical Center from January 1996 to March 1999, diagnosed with TBp and prescribed short-course, anti-tuberculosis treatment, were reviewed. PF was defined as having fever over two weeks despite treatment. The causes of PF were analyzed. Drug-sus-ceptible TBp patients who presented no causes for PF, except turberculosis itself, were selected(n=22), and they were compared with those who had no fever at diagnosis (n=22) and those who had fever at diagnosis, which had subsided within two weeks after treatment (n=22). Clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters were compared among the three groups. Results : Twenty-eight (4.8%) of 598 patients showed PF over two weeks despite short-course treatment. The causes of PF were drug fever (n=2), multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (n=3), disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection (n=1), and drug-susceptible tuberculosis itself (n=22). The patients with PF had more risk factors for tuberculosis, long duration of symptoms before treatment, night sweats, weight long, numerous acid fast bacilli on sputum smear, anemia, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, over three lung cavity numbers and extensive infiltration, indicating that they had prolonged and extensive lung diseases. Conclusion : The main cause of PF in TBp despite short-course regimen seems to be drug-susceptible but extensive disease in Korea. Any changes to the drug regiment provided for TBp patients with prolonged fever despite treatment should be carefully considered.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 1996

Objectives: Although outbreak of MDR Tb has been a recent problem in western countries, it has been a longstanding problem in Korea. The poor outcome of MDR Tb is mainly due to poor compliance, high rate of side reaction of secondary drugs, and limitation in number of available drugs. Thus, to improve the outcome of MDR Tb, it is crucial to make individualized adequate prescription based on the knowledge of the patterns of resistance to each drugs in the community as well as the natural history. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the clinical features of Korean MDR Tb patients including patterns of drug resistance and success rate of treatment which was prescribed according to the sensitivity tests. Methods: Retroscpective analysis of 71 Korean patients with MDR Tb was made. All strains isolated from patients showed resistence to at least two first line drugs. Patients profile, previous treatment history, patterns of drug resistance, outcome of treatment was analysed. Initial treatment regimen was selected according to the previous treatment history and was modified according to the sensitivity reports. The regimen was composed to include at least 4 sensitive drugs when possible. Results: The patients showed resistance to 4.1 drugs on average. 90% of them were resistant to INH and RFP. Among 71 patients, 35 patients(49%) had cavitary lesions in CXR. Treatment outcome was analysed in 55 patients. 35 patients(67%) were improved after treatment and 18 patients(33%) showed treatment failure. 5 patients showed primary resistance. Treatment outcome could be evaluated in 4 of them and all showed improvement after treatment. 14 patients(20%) had to change their regimens due to drug side effects. The most frequent side effect was elevation of liver enzymes(6 patients). Others included dizziness, hyperuricemia, tinnitus, skin rash, GI troubles. More than 50% of side effects developed within 3 months. In repeated drug sensitivity test, the concordance rate of resistance to INH was 100% and RFP 98%. EMB, PZA showed 80% concordance rate. But in the other drugs, the concordances were less than 50%. Operation was done in 5 patient - 1 patients as a adjunctive means of chemotherapy -. In that case, negative conversion of sputum AFB was done. Conclusion: 2/3 patients of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were improved by appropriate prescription and regular medication suggesting that more aggressive management and monitoring is indicated in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2005

Background : Ethambutol(EMB) is one of the first-line drugs included in short-course anti-tuberculosis therapy. The point mutations in embB gene have been speculated to be associated EMB resistance. However, detection of embB mutations at these positions have been observed in both EMB-susceptible isolates; thus, it remains controversial whether these mutations are associated with EMB resistance Methods : The 36 M. tuberculosis isolates were selected from clinical isolates which tested susceptible to EMB and resistant to at least one drug. DNA extracted from the isolates was analyzed by amplifying embB gene. The PCR products were purified and directly sequenced. We reviewed the history of past drug susceptibility test results. Results : Out of 36 EMB-susceptible strains, 3 strains (8.3%) had a mutation in codon 306 or 406 of the embB gene. These three strains had at least isoniazid resistance. They grew at 1.0 mcg/ml of EMB in Lowenstein-Jensen media. The patients of the strains were continuously smear-positive for over 3 years despite taking TB therapy. One strain had been EMB-resistant in past drug susceptibility tests. Conclusion : EMB-susceptible strains containing embB mutation may be caused by decreased viability in vitro test not by itself.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.362-371
• /
• 1996

In this study, the relationships between sensitivity to oxyfluorfen, absorption of the herbicide, protoporphyrin IX(Proto IX) accumulation and activities of antioxidative enzymes were examined to identify the tolerance mechanism against oxyfluorfen in various rice cultivars having different level of tolerance to this herbicide. Absorption of oxyfluorfen in tolerant rice cultivars was slower than in susceptible cultivars. Proto IX accumulation in various rice cultivars treated with oxyfluorfen was higher in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones. In susceptible cultivars especially, Proto IX accumlated rapidly during the herbicide treatment in the dark. Large amounts of Proto IX accumulation were considered to cause membrane lipid peroxidation in the light. However, among the tested rice cultivars, there was little relationship between their tolerance to oxyfluorfen and the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Therefore, it is assumed that differential susceptibility of rice cultivars to oxyfluorfen was due to difference in their capability to absorb the herbicide and to subsequently accumulate Proto IX.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.124.2-124.2
• /
• 1988

• RED RIBBON
• /
• s.39
• /
• pp.6-7
• /
• 2001

1991년 11월부터 인삼연초연구원의 제의에 따라 국립보건원 AIDS과에서 고려홍삼을 HIV 감염자들에게 제공하기 시작하였으며 지금도 일부 동일한 환자들을 대상으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그간의 연구 성과와 최근 국내에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 치료제들에 대한 내성실태에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Agrochemical news magazine
• /
• v.23 no.2 s.175
• /
• pp.22-25
• /
• 2002

연 1회 발생하며 성충태로 대부분이 양지바른 산지의 돌밑이나 낙엽밑 또는 논뚝 일부에서 월동하는 벼먹노린재는 작물종류나 경종양식이 다양화하면서 최근들어 국지적으로 문제되고 있다. 가해가 가장 심한 시기는 수잉기에서 출수기에 걸쳐서인데 이 때까지는 피해가 잘 눈에 띄지 않는다. 그러나 백수가 보이면서 갑자기 눈에 띈다

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.26-28
• /
• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate drug susceptibility against the major antibiotics used in this country by the use of the disc diffusion susceptibility test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Comparatively highly sensitive to antibiotics e