• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.209-226
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• 2013

With rapidly changing multimedia environment, various artistic changes and digitalized up-to-date social infra, urban environment construction based on culture contents has been activated. The large image in front of urban building that is expressed as media-façade, increasing rapidly in a recent period, is not a new thing at all. In addition, IT technology molten in city space is testing the possibility of new media through the meeting with architecture. However, unlike its infra enlargement, the definition about media-façade is not clear so the system was constructed in a level of night lightscape or outdoor image advertisement. The purpose of this guideline is the regulation from the negative aspect rather than the possibility of various visual, artistic media expressions. Therefore, it could not show essential concept of media-façade. Moreover, most of companies or building owners focus on short-term profit and marketing effect rather than prepare various contents so they can not use constructed infra properly. After all, in many cases, they discolor the meaning of media-façade. This paper is a pilot study to grasp the current definition of media-façade to construct right guideline of media-façade. On the basis of this study, it will prepare academic definition of media-façade and construct the guideline for design evaluation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

Global warming becomes a serious issue that poses subsidiary issues like a sea level rise or a capricious climate over the world. Because of severe heat-wave of the summer in Korea in 2016, a big attention has been focused on urban heat island since then. Not just about heat-wave itself, many researches have been concentrated on how to adapt in this trendy warming climate and weather in a small scope. A big part of existing studies is mitigating "Urban Heat Island effect" and that is because of huge impervious surface in urban area where highly populated areas do diverse activities. It is a serious problem that this thermal context has a high possibility causing mortality by heat vulnerability. However, there have been many articles of a green infrastructures' cooling impact in summer. This research pays attention to measure cooling effect of a street planting considering urban canyon and type of green infrastructures in neighborhood scale. This quantitative approach was proceeded by ENVI-met simulation with a spatial scope of a commercial block in Seoul, Korea. We found the dense double-row planting is more sensitive to change in temperature than that of the single-row. Among the double-row planting scenarios, shrubs which have narrow space between the plant and the land surface were found to store heat inside during the daytime and prevent emitting heat so as to have a higher temperature at night. The quantifying an amount of vegetated spaces' cooling effect research is expected to contribute to a study of the cost and benefit for the planting scenarios' assessment in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.475-486
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to propose a policy direction to improve the service of public bicycles in Seoul by identifying the physical characteristics that affect the satisfaction level in the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public bicycle use environment. To this end, a survey was conducted on users regarding their experiences using public bicycles in Seoul, and the responses of 567 people were analyzed. IPA analysis and ordinal logistic analysis were used. An analysis of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public bicycle IPA showed that the satisfaction level was lower than that of importance in all categories. Among them, the most urgent need for improvement was the installation of bicycle roads, improved connectivity of bicycle roads, improved road management, classification of roads and bicycle roads, improved safety during night driving, and low satisfaction levels. Second, an analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction in the public bicycle use environment showed that the model's explanatory power increased significantly from 0.062 to 0.437 after incorporating perceived variables, confirming that the perceived neighborhood environment characteristics are an important variable for determining the satisfaction level in the public bicycle use environment, among the perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics, accessibility, convenience, manageability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 2023

This study analyzed the cold air characteristics of the Nakdong Jeongmaek, which is advantageous for the formation of cold air that can flow into the city, in order to suggest the wind ventilation corridor plans, which have recently been increasing interest as a way to improve the urban thermal environment. In addition, based on the watershed analysis, specific cold-air watershed areas were established and management plans were suggested to expand the cold air function of the Nakdong Jeongmaek. As a result of the analysis of cold air in the Nakdong Jeongaek, cold air was strongly generated in the northern forest of the Jeongamek, and flowed into nearby cities along the valley topography. On average, the speed of cold air was high in cities located to the east of the Jeongmaek, while the height of cold air layer was high in cities located to the west. By synthesizing these cold air characteristics and watershed analysis results, the cold-air watershed area was classified into 8 zones, And the plans were proposed to preserve and strengthen the temperature reduction of the Jeongmaek by designating the zones as 'Conservation area of Cold-air', 'Management area of Cold-air', and 'Intensive management area of Cold-air'. In addition, in order to verify the temperature reduction of cold air, the effect of night temperature reduction effect was compared with the cold air analysis using weather observation data. As a result, the temperature reduction of cold air was confirmed because the night temperature reduction was large at the observation station with strong cold air characteristics. This study is expected to be used as basic data in establishing a systematic preservation and management plan to expand the cold air function of the Nakdong Jeongmaek.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.435-443
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• 2013

While rural highways carry on lower traffic volumes, the deviations of running speeds between vehicles appear to be higher on rural highways than urban highways. The speed characteristic of rural highways is adding to pedestrian-related accidents which occur on a crosswalk with poor sight distance due to the limits of car headlights and lighting. Specially, the aged was mostly occupied in nighttime-related accidents on crosswalks, and pedestrians crossing on the far side of approaching vehicles appear to have the probability of fatality higher than the near side. An alternative is needed to resolve the compounded accidents, and then this study is to establish a new approach to an optimum lighting environment on a crosswalk to improve pedestrian safety. This study was conducted by a survey and a field study on the lighting of existing crosswalks. The field study shows that the existing lighting has the problem of wasting energy and impeding walking due to glare. The survey shows that nighttime sight distance on a crosswalk is required to improve and that road users prefer to be brighter pedestrian waiting space together with the crosswalk. Thus, a lighting environment that is not too bright and illuminates the crosswalk and the pedestrian waiting space is needed to implement.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2022

Light pollution is one of the factors that disturb coastal and island ecosystems. This study examined the factors causing light pollution in the islands in Daedohaehaesang National Park using nighttime satellite images. This study selected 101 islands with an area of 100,000 m² or more in Daedohaehaesang National Park, and measured the levels of light pollution of the selected islands by calculating mean nighttime radiance recorded in VIIRS DNB monthly images for January, April, August, and October 2019. Of seven districts of the park, The highest mean nighttime radiance was recorded in Geumodo district (17,666nW/m²/sr), followed by Geonumdo·Baekdo, Narodo, Soando·Cheongsando districts. By season, mean nighttime radiance in October was the highest at 9,509nW/m²/sr, followed by August, January, and April. Regression analyses show that the total floor area and the number of lighthouses in a 5 km buffer area had a statistically significant effect on mean nighttime radiance at all times, but those within the island did not, indicating that light pollution in islands in a national park where land development is strictly restricted is influenced by artificial lights in nearby areas. However, the total floor area of an island significantly affected mean nighttime radiance only in August, which appears to be attributed to the impact of intensive use of artificial light by visitors during summer vacation. The size of an island had a negative (-) effect on nighttime radiance. This negative effect suggests that light pollution is a type of ecological edge effect, i.e., the smaller island is more likely to have a relatively larger proportion of edge area that is affected by light emitted from the neighboring areas. The results of this study indicate that managing artificial lights in nearby areas is necessary to mitigate light pollution in islands in marine and coastal national parks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 1985

Users' satisfaction and behavior at five mini parks in the central area of Seoul City were investigated under the encironmental design evaluation framework. The major findings are as follows; 1) The major user group is a student group with the ages ranging from 15 to 24. 2) Half of the users spend 20 to 60 minutes in these parks. 3) According to the multiple regression analysis, the variables related to the satisfaction in daytime are noise level, sunshine, plants, crowding, and surface slope, where those in nighttime are quality of surrounding buildings, turf area, lighting, shade, and sculpture or fountain. 4) According to the free response, the basic needs inmini parks are shade for rest and such amenity facilities as bench, trash basket, and drinking fountain. In addition to these basic needs, users prefer such visually pleasing objects as sculpture and fountain.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1395-1406
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of the urban forest and street trees on flow and temperature distribution in the Daegu National Debt Redemption Movement Memorial Park. For this, we implemented tree-drag and tree-cooling parameterization schemes in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and validated the simulated wind speeds, wind directions, and air temperatures against the measured ones. We used the wind speeds, wind directions, air temperatures predicted by the local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS) as the inflow boundary conditions. To investigate the flow and thermal characteristics in the presence of trees in the target area, we conducted numerical experiments in the absence and presence of trees. In the absence of trees, strong winds and monotonous flows were formed inside the park, because there were no obstacles inducing friction. The temperature was inversely proportional to the wind speed. In the presence of trees, the wind speeds(temperatures) were reduced by more than 40 (5)% inside the park with a high planting density due to the tree drag (cooling) effect, and those also affected the wind speeds and temperatures outside the park. Even near the roadside, the wind speeds and temperatures were generally reduced by the trees, but the wind speeds and air temperatures increased partly due to the change in the flow pattern caused by tree drag.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2018

This study aims to identify the characteristics of oxidation and chemical composition of PM in winter season, 2017 at Incheon area. The mean concentration of air pollutants were $46{\pm}22{\mu}g/m^3-PM_{10}$, $29{\pm}18{\mu}g/m^3/-PM_{2.5}$, $5{\pm}3ppb-SO_2$, $0.56{\pm}0.24ppm-CO$, $21{\pm}13ppb-O_3$ and $28{\pm}17ppb-NO_2$, respectively. The dominant ion of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical component were organic with $3.2{\mu}g/m^3$ and nitrate with $1.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The day and night variation of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical components was higher in nighttime than those of daytime. The averaged nitrate oxidation rate (SOR) was 0.06 and sulfate oxidation rate was 0.11 during the field campaign. In the high mass loading period, nitrate oxidation rate (NOR) was up to 0.6 and also the nitrate in $PM_{1.0}$ was increased. The averaged ratio of $NO_x/SO_2$ was 8.7 and nitrate/sulfate was 3.1, respectively. In this results, the nitrate component in $PM_{1.0}$ was influenced by NOx from the stationary source as power plant and the mobile source around the measurement site.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.227-237
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• 2020

Microclimatic data were measured, and the human thermal sensation was analyzed at 10 local climate zones based on the major land cover classification to investigate the thermal environment of urban areas during summer nighttime. From the results, the green infrastructure areas (GNIAs) showed an average air temperature of 1.6℃ and up to 2.4℃ lower air temperature than the gray infrastructure areas (GYIAs), and the GNIAs showed an average relative humidity of 9.0% and up to 15.0% higher relative humidity. The wind speed of the GNIAs and GYIAs had minimal difference and showed no significance at all locations, except for the forest location, which had the lowest wind speed owing to the influence of trees. The local winds and the surface roughness, which was determined based on the heights of buildings and trees, appeared to be the main factors that influenced wind speed. At the mean radiant temperature, the forest location showed the maximum value, owing to the influence of trees. Except at the forest location, the GNIAs showed an average decrease of 5.5℃ compared to GYIAs. The main factor that influenced the mean radiant temperature was the sky view factor. In the analysis of the human thermal sensation, the GNIAs showed a "neutral" thermal perception level that was neither hot nor cold, and the GYIAs showed a "slightly warm" level, which was a level higher than those of the GNIAs. The GNIAs showed a 3.2℃ decrease compared to the GYIAs, except at the highest forest location, which indicated a half-level improvement in the human thermal environment.