• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.277-311
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• 2005

본 연구는 여성이 가족과 일을 병행하려 할 때 안게 되는 이중부담의 양과 유급노동시간과 무급노동시간에 영향을 주는 변수들의 차이를 통해 남성과 여성의 시간사용구조를 살펴보고, 이중부담이 노동시간양${\cdot}$노동시간대${\cdot}$노동장소로 나타나는 여성 유급노동시간에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 자료는 통계청의 1999년 생활시간조사 원자료를 이용하였다. 분석결과 맞벌이 가구의 여성은 남성보다 하루 평균 1시간 51분 많은 총노동시간을 가지면서 주당 약 13시간의 이중부담을 가지고 있었다. 이것은 만성과 여성의 노동시간사용구조가 서로 다르기 때문이었다. 즉, 여성은 경제활동에 참여한다할지라도 무급노동시간의 89%를 책임지고 있었으며 여성의 노동시간은 가족상황에 의해 영향을 받는 젠더화된 생활시간사용구조를 가지고 있었다. 또한 기존연구결과와 다르게 가내하청/재택근무, 자영, 무급가족종사와 같은 종사상지위와 미취학자녀의 존재는 여성에게 유급노동시간을 조절하는 기재가 되지 못했고 무급노동시간을 늘리는 역할을 할 뿐이라는 점이 한국사회 여성의 이중부담을 가중시키고 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한 맞벌이가구 여성은 무급노동에의 일차적 책임으로 남성보다 야간유급노동이나 휴일유급노동시간을 줄이고, 단시간노동을 선택하며, 집안에서의 유급노동시간을 길게 하면서 가족생활시간을 확보하는 유급노동시간 조절전략을 사용하고 있었다. 이러한 노동방식은 노동시장에서 여성노동의 불안정성을 만들어내고 주변화시키는 요인이다. 그러나 또 한편으로 서구사회와 비교하면 한국사회에서 여성이 경제활동을 하기 위해서는 광범위한 야간노동과 휴일노동, 장시간노동이라는 남성적 노동조건을 받아들이고 있는 것으로 보인다. 특히 판매/서비스직의 자영자와 무급가족종사자 여성들, 가내하청이나 재택근무를 하는 임금근로자 여성들, 학력이 낮은 기능/조립직과 단순노무직 여성들은 야간노동이나 휴일노동, 집안에서의 유급노동시간이 길뿐 아니라 절대적인 유급노동시간과 무급노동시간도 길게 나타났다. 그러나 미취학자녀의 존재가 이러한 여성적 유급노동시간의 특징에 영향을 주는 것은 아니었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.37-38
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• 2000

멸치초망어업의 조업방식은 챗대 2개, 콧대 1개를 사용하여 조업선의 우현에서 그물을 수중 전개시키며, 양망은 주기관에 연결된 사이드 드럼 2개를 사용하여 큰 챗대와 작은 챗대를 반 기계적으로 들어올리고, 콧대와 그물은 순수 인력으로 들어올린다. 이와 같은 작업은 야간에 수 차례 반복되기 때문에 많은 노동력과 조업인원을 필요로 하는 노동집약형 구조를 가지고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.560-565
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• 2022

Purpose: It is intended to prevent similar and similar disasters in advance by classifying the types of industrial accidents by type of distribution center and establishing countermeasures. Method: Development of improvement measures by analyzing in detail the types of occurrences of each type of 5 years in the distribution center. Result: Through the analysis of industrial accidents that occurred in the distribution center, it was possible to find ways to reduce disasters. Conclusion: It is expected to help reduce the disaster rate of the distriution center by presenting a disaster reduction plan through the analysis of industrial accidents in the distribution center.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.81-82
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• 2012

대리운전업은 서비스업으로 세무서에 신고만 하면 사업자 등록을 하고 사업을 할 수 있고, 설사 신고를 하지 않고 영업을 하더라도 규제할 방법이 마땅치 않아 진입장벽이 없는 상태이며 대리운전업에 대한 규제법은 전무한 상태이다. 이들이 법적 관리로부터 방치되어 있는 결과 대리운전행위의 사회적 편익에도 불구하고 요금시비 등 서비스의 질, 생계형 운전미숙자의 진입, 주로 야간에 다수의 낮선 차량을 운전하여야 하고 겸업이 47.3%에 이르러, 과중한 노동으로 인한 피로누적, 주의력 산만, 과속경쟁 등 대리운전의 속성상 교통사고 발생위험, 사고발생시 피해보상책임, 절도나 성폭력행위와 같은 범죄유발 등 여러 가지 문제가 끊이지 않고 있다. 관련업계나 일부 단체에서는 대리운전업 종사자가 15만 명을 넘어섰다고 주장하며 당당한 직업으로 인정해 달라고 요구하고 있고, 근로형태나 조건 등 사업자 내부의 문제도 제기된다. 본고(本稿)에서는 대리운전으로 발생하는 범죄의 현황과 대책을 개괄적으로 조망하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.486-494
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• 2021

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is sensitive to low temperature and shows retarded growth under 10℃. Although early transplanting guarantees higher returns, it requires cost and labor to maintain the appropriate temperature for plant growth. Therefore, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress is necessary to reduce the cost and labor requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze data on plant growth and fruit enlargement under continuous chilling night temperature to develop new cultivars tolerant to chilling temperature. Two cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance and another cultivar sensitive to chilling temperature were grown in greenhouses with chilling and optimal night temperature conditions. In the early growth stage after transplanting, the cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance showed better vine length, fresh weight and dry weight. However, one of the tolerant cultivars showed significantly lower vine length, leaf length and width, and petiole length than the sensitive cultivar during pollination period and later growth stage, showing genotype specific responses. The fruit length, width, and weight were also significantly lower in the tolerant cultivar. The fruit set ratio was significantly higher in the chilling sensitive cultivar than the two tolerant cultivars. These results suggest that the present chilling tolerant cultivars in watermelon were selected based on their performance in the early growth stage, and further studies on chilling tolerance in different growth and development stages are required to develop cultivars adapted to various forcing cultivation systems.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the working conditions and demands of the assistant workforce at childcare centers, and to provide suggestions on policies for childcare teachers. To achieve the purpose of the study, a total of 190 assistant teachers, nursing helpers, alternative teachers and others were surveyed online during the month of August 2017. The survey examined the employment route and working motives, working conditions and environment, job and educational difficulties for analyzing the work conditions and demands of ancillary staff. For the analysis method, SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze frequency and difference. The main findings are as follows. First, childcare center assistants were able to work at their respective times, making it mandatory for them to enter the workforce, and making job openings for ancillary teachers. Second, 73.7% said the daily working hours were '4 hours to 8 hours' under the conditions and 57.9% said 'More than 510,000 won to less than 1 million won.' Average amount of rest time per day was about 30 minutes, and 17% had no rest periods. Third, based on the job and education status, ancillary personnel performed "infant and child guidance and interaction", "Cleaning and cleanliness related tasks" most actively, and "care for cleaning and cleanliness" and "care for morning and night care". Fourth, in the job trouble and difficulty, ancillary staff found it difficult to satisfy with wage related complaints and job insecurity, and the reason for agreeing to the non-regular workforce becoming a regular worker was found to be due to the stability of employment. Lastly, the most urgent tasks to solve the problem of non-regular workers were to fill the wage gap between regular and irregular workers, shorten the working hours and improve the working conditions. The policy implications are presented based on the above findings.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.503-516
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• 2001

At present, environmental control system of greenhouses related with industrial automation in the korea is composed of on/off-type control machine using a timer in facilities requiring intensive labor. This system, however, makes it difficult for us to find out any status of environmental control system in greenhouses when we are situated in a remote area or at midnight. In this paper we improved a system to monitor status for manual and automatic control by means of PC by replacing an existing on/off-type controller with a display panel, It also attempts to implement DB for information on corps and to provide a user with the efficiency of getting information for plants.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.173-182
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• 2020

Since 2000, Korea has seen a big trend in the market, as the EU tightened regulations on environment due to global warming, high oil prices and aging rural population distribution, strengthening the need for multi-purpose electric moto vehicles for small farmers based on eco-friendly energy. Multi-purpose electric motor vehicles for rural small businesses will be a very innovative means of transportation, not only maintained at a low cost and to reduce greenhouse gases through the activation of eco-friendly energy, but also be a very innovative means of transportation for reducing the labor intensity of the aging farming industry and transporting night work and logistics. In this paper, with the implementation of eco-friendly energy policies, small and medium-sized rural small business owners can easily operate on unpaved roads and well-drawn farming environments, while the intensity of labor can be reduced when transporting crops also can simply replace parts at a low cost in the event of an accident. To propose rural multi-purpose modular electric vehicles, the existing literature is reviewed and 12 modular parts are presented by benchmarking electric vehicles at home and abroad. This paper is thought to be helpful for the research of the industry as well as the design industry of modular electric vehicles.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2015

Working the night-shift and long working hours may be linked to insomnia. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between night-shift work and long working-hours with regard to subjective insomnia in Korean workers. This study was based on the Third Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) conducted on workers in 2011. The total number of individuals included in the analysis was 34,708 workers. Adjusted odd ratios showed statistically effective associations to insomnia. For night-shift work, the results were 2.71 (1.53 - 4.82) for night shift work by experts and managers, 2.95 (2.11 - 4.11) for night-shift work by officers, and 3.90 (2.05 - 7.42) for night-shift work by engineers compared with day duty. For long working hours, the scores were 2.43 (1.68-3.51) for >52 working hours by officers, 1.72 (1.15 - 2.58) for those in sales and service compared to ${\leq}40$ working hours. We suggest the need for Korean workers to target specific groups when creating policies related to reasonable environmental conditions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.4
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• pp.427-438
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• 2001

Recently, Environmental Control Devices of Green House for Protected Cultivation is composed of on/off-type Controller to control each device using timer in equipment of intensive Labor. In case of system, it is difficult to grasp condition of the greenhouse about errors when this system has defect of a hardware, and it operates in the remote place or at night. In this paper, we developed a system that capable of replacing the existing control method of on/off with display panel in the greenhouse, monitoring data aquisition and status in the greenhouse using client computer based on internet. Also this system can communicate with each local greenhouse, and send alarm message about error. And we constructed web server to manage efficient informations for environmental control and corps cultivation in the greenhouse.