• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.293-313
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• 1997

이상에서 고찰하였듯이 현재까지는 어느 하나로 결정할 만한 선별 검사 방법이 없지만, 그 중에서 경질 초음파 검사와 color-flow Doppler 초음파 검사가 시행하기가 쉬우면서 민감하고 비교적 특이도가 높은 방법이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 역학적인 면에서 조기 진단 혹은 선별 검사의 효율은 검사의 시행과 그에 따른 처치에 의해 사망률이 실제로 감소되었을 때 유의하다고 할 수 있으며, 이런 면에서 아직까지 난소암으로 인한 사망률을 감소시킬 만한 결정적인 선별 검사 방법은 알려져 있지 않다. 사망률이 1/3 감소되었음을 확인하는데 100,000명의 선별 검사자와 100,000명의 대조군이 필요하므로 앞으로 보다 많은 인구를 대상으로 한 역학적인 연구가 필요하다. 앞으로의 선별 검사에는 보다 특이도가 높은 종양 표지 물질의 개발, 초음파를 비롯한 진단 기기의 혁신적인 발달이 필요하며 이는 현재까지의 발전 상황으로 보아 실제로 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 이와 더불어 돌연변이를 일으킨 난소 상피 세포가 수 차례의 분열만 일으키더라도 그 유전자 산물을 검색해 낼 수 있고, 나아가서는 DNA 진단까지 가능한 분자 생물학적 혹은 세포 유전학전 진단 방법의 개발과 이용도 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.92-101
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• 2009

Purpose: Scintimammography is one of the screening tests for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. It has been widely accepted as very useful in assessing masses that have not been detected in breast scanning. This method is highly sensitive and specific with respect to the diagnosis of primary and relapsing breast cancer. It has some difficulties, however, in detecting tumors sized 1 cm and below due to the radioactivity around the breast and the geometrical structure of the equipment. The recent introduction of high-resolution Breast-specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) has made it possible to more accurately discriminate between malignant and benign tumors than with any other test method. Thus, the possibility of an unnecessary biopsy being performed has decreased. The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic capacity of mammography, breast sonography, and scintimammography, which are used for the early diagnosis of known breast cancer, and of BSGI, and to evaluate the skillfulness of radiologists. Materials and Methods: The 53 volunteers participants who had no clinical manifestation of breast cancer underwent the BSGI in February 2009. In the BSGI procedure, scanning images were obtained from the craniocaudal projection (CC) and the mediolateral Oblique projection (MLO), as well as from the additional $80{\times}80$-matrix-sized views at various angles in the Present Time method, 10 minutes after the 25 mCi $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI was injected. Results: The results of the BSGI showed that two participants had masses in their breast tissue. As the results of the diagnosis of four participants were not clear, they were retested and the results of the second test were negative. The results of the clinical screening test for breast cancer showed that the sensitivity of BSGI, scintimammography, mammography, and breast sonography was 86.5%, 77.8%, 85~90%, and 66.7%, respectively, and that their specificity was 92.4%, 84.2%, 20~42%, and 68%, respectively. Conclusion: The autodiagnosis and breast cancer screening test are needed for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. It was not easy, however, to accurately determine the presence of a mass in the breast using the existing breast cancer screening test. The patients with unclear test findings were made to undergo a histologic biopsy for a more accurate diagnosis. It is expected that the BSGI can provide useful information for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and of primary breast cancer, and will reduce the performance of unnecessary biopsies because of its higher sensitivity and specificity than existing breast cancer screening tests.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer is the 2^nd most common cancer in men, and the 3^rd most common cancer in women in Korea. This incidence has been increasing steadily since the data analysis began in 1999. Guidelines from many countries including Korea recommend annual or biennial fecal occult blood test as a national colorectal cancer screening program, however, colonoscopy, stool DNA test, double contrast barium enema, and sigmoidoscopy are recommended in some countries. I will summarize the Korean National Screening Guideline for colorectal cancer revised by multi-society expert committee in Korea last year. They recommend annual or biennial fecal immunochemical test between 45 and 80 year-old asymptomatic average risk people. Selective use of colonoscopy is recommended, taking into consideration of individual preference and the risk of colorectal cancer. There is no evidence for the risks or benefits of double contrast barium enema or computed tomographic colonography for colorectal cancer screening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.886-898
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of our study was to evaluate digital breast tomosynthesis as a breast cancer screening modality for women with gynecologic cancer. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with underlying gynecologic malignancies who underwent screening digital breast tomosynthesis for breast cancer. The cancer detection rate, recall rate, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated. PPV1 was defined as the percentage of all positive screening exams that have a tissue diagnosis of cancer within a year. PPV2 was defined as the percentage of all diagnostic exams (and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4, 5 from screening setting) with a recommendation for tissue diagnosis that have cancer within a year. PPV3 was defined as the percentage of all known biopsies actually performed that resulted in a tissue diagnosis of cancer within the year. For each case of screen-detected cancer, we analyzed the age, type of underlying gynecologic malignancy, breast density, imaging features, final Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System assessment, histologic type, T and N stages, molecular subtype, and Ki-67 index. Results Among 508 patients, 7 with breast cancer were identified after a positive result. The cancer detection rate was 13.8 per 1000 screening exams, and the recall rate was 17.9%. The sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 83.2%. The false negative rate was 0 per 1000 exams. The PPV1, PPV2, and PPV3 were 7.7, 31.8, and 31.8, respectively. Conclusion Digital breast tomosynthesis may be a promising breast cancer screening modality for women with gynecologic cancer, based on the high cancer detection rate, high sensitivity, high PPV, and high detection rate of early-stage cancer observed in our study.

• 건강소식
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.12-13
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• 2015

위암 예방의 핵심은 위암의 발병 위험을 낮추고, 선별검사를 통해 위암을 조기 발견하는 것이다. 이 중에서도 암을 예방하는 생활습관은 지속적으로 우리 몸에 영향을 주기 때문에 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 생활습관의 교정에 의한 암 예방 효과를 의학적으로 규명하기는 매우 어렵지만 식이요법을 포함한 활발한 신체활동, 규칙적인 운동, 금연 및 간접흡연 회피 등의 생활습관이 암을 예방하는 데 도움이 된다는 이야기는 전문의들 사이에서 계속돼오고 있다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.444-450
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of whole body positron emission tomography (PET) using $^{18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose$ ($^{18}F-FDG$) for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 1,762 men and 259 women who voluntarily underwent $^{18}F-FDG$ PET for cancer screening as a part of a routine health examination. Final diagnosis was decided by other diagnostic studies, pathological results or clinical follow-up for 1 year. Results: Of 2,021 subjects, 40 (2.0%) were finally proved to have cancer. Abnormal focal $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake suggesting malignancy was found in 102 subjects (5.0%). Among them, 21 subjects (1.0%) were proved to have cancer. Other tests in the routine health examination could not find 9 of 21 cancers (42.9%) detected by PET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PET for cancer screening were 52.5%, 95.9%, 20.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. Pathologies of cancers missed on PET were adenocarcinoma (n = 9; 3 colon cancers, 3 prostate cancers, 2 stomach cancers, and 1 rectal cancer), differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n = 6), bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (n = 2), urinary bladder cancer (n = 1), and melanoma (n = 1). More than half of cancers which were not detected by PET were smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Conclusion: $^{18}F-FDG$ PET might be useful for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects due to its high specificity and negative predictive value and playa supplementary role to the conventional health check-up, but it could not replace due to limited sensitivity for urological cancers, small-sized tumors and some hypometaboic cancers.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2008

진행된 암환자에서 피로는 70% 이상이 경험하게 되는 흔한 증상이며 삶의 질을 저하시키는 주된 요인이다. 피로에 대한 선별검사는 "피곤하거나 지친감이 있나요?"라는 단순한 질문으로 가능하며 이미 개발된 평가도구를 사용하여 평가할 수 있다. 동반 질환이나 피로의 원인을 알기 위한 병력청취와 검사실 검사가 필요할 수 있으며 결과에 따라 가역적 인자를 치료하는 과정이 우선되어야 한다. 적절한 약물치료를 시행하여 증상을 호전시킬 수 있으며 이중 methylphenidate는 암 연관 피로를 호전시키고 마약성 진통제에 의한 진정에 효과가 입증되었다. 환자의 여명에 따라 부신 피질 호르몬제도 사용할 수 있고, 운동 및 환자의 교육과 영양관리 또한 중요하다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to determine the usefulness of serum pepsinogen (PG) levels as a screening method for gastric cancer, and to assess the relationships between serum PG and clinicopathologic factors of gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Serum PG concentrations were measured in 94 subjects who were classified into (a) a control group (50 subjects) without abnormal endoscopic finding on a health checkup, or (b) a gastric cancer group (44 subjects) who had surgery at Daegu Catholic University Hospital between Nov. 2008 and May 2009. Receiver operator characteristic curves were utilized to select the most suitable test. Using different cutoff points, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. We compared preoperative serum PG levels with several clinicopathologic findings for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Results: The Serum PG I：II ratio was the most useful as a screening test. The sensitivity and specificity of PG screening for gastric cancer were, respectively, 81.8% and 82%. The cut off point correlated with the type of intestinal cancer (Lauren classification; P=0.003), tumor stage (P=0.001), and gastric adenocarcinoma with peritumoral chronic atrophic gastritis (P=0.036). Conclusion: Serum PG levels were found to be a potentially useful screening test and to correlate with clinicopathologic factors in gastric cancer patients. But, in order to use serum PG found in a health checkup for gastric cancer as a clinical application a large scale study is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2021

This study is a retrospective analysis of the results of tests at three general hospitals in Busan that perform mammography using digital mammography devices. There were 5,320 people in the study, and the results of their breast cancer screening were analyzed to verify the efficacy of breast cancer screening for digital mammography. The average age of patients who performed breast cancer screening was 57.7 years (range 30 to 87 years), and the cancer detection rate was 26, with 4.6 cases per 1,000 people. According to the cancer detection rate by risk factor in patients who conducted breast cancer screening, breast cancer was found in patients without underlying diseases more than in patients with underlying diseases. Additional ultrasound examinations show that the gastronomic rate identified is 3.6%, which is relatively very low compared to that of the Film-Screen system.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2003

후두질환 감별용 음성 분석방법인 multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP)으로 분석이 불가능할 정도로 주기성이 크게 훼손된 후두암 말기의 음성 에 대하여 효과적인 감별을 하기 위하여, 몇 가지 켑스트럼(cepstrum) 파라미터를 비롯하여, 주기성 및 그 동요 정도, 영교차율(zero-crossing rate, ZCR), 스텍트럼 중심 (spectral centroid, SC) 등 다양한 특징 파라미터를 이용한 감별 실험을 수행하였다. 후두암 감별 실험을 위해 부산대학교 병원 이비인후과에서 수집한 정상 남자 음성 데이터 50개, 양성 후두질환 남자 음성 데이터 50개 및 남성 후두암 환자 음성 데이터 105개를 사용하였다. 음성 데이터는 단모음 /아/ 발성만을 사용하였고, 정상인과 양성후두질환 환자, 그리고 MDVP 분석이 가능한 후두암 환자 음성 데이터 중 2/3는 학습에, 나머지 113은 감별실험에 사용하였다. 후두암 감별을 위한 분류기로는 Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) 분류기를 사용하였으며, 이때 모델의 복잡도를 표현하는 mixture 수는 1에서 10까지 가변시키면서 가장 좋은 성능을 나타내는 값으로 결정하였다. 또한 모든 실험에서 켑스트럼 분석의 차수는 동일하게 12차로 고정시켰다. (중략)