• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.33-35
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• 2020

해양 및 대기 오염 방지를 위한 친환경선박에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있고 특히 LNG를 연료로 하는 LNG 연료추진선이 확대되고 있다. 그리고 국내에서도 LNG Bunkering 선박 건조에 지속적으로 추진되고 있다. LNG Bunkering의 안전한 운용을 위해서는 여러 위험요소를 분석해야한다. 그 중에도 LNG Bunkering 작업 중 주변 선박 통항에 따른 안전한 이격거리의 확보 또한 중요한 사항이지만 이에 대한 연구는 미진한 형태이다. 이에 안전한 이격거리에 대해서 외국 및 국내규정을 검토하였으나 명확한 규정이 없어 이에 대한 분석을 통한 안전하고, 경제적인 이격거리에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 안전한 이격거리에 대해 분석하기 위한 우선적으로 안전한 이격거리에 영향을 미칠 요소에 대해 검토한다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.420-428
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• 2019

Although marine structures are a risk factor interfering with the passage of ships, there are no obvious guidelines on the required safety distance between ships and marine structures under regulations and laws. In this study, the width of the shipping route width was set based on the AIS data to analyze the separation distance between marine structures and ships, and the ships were classified by the length of each ship. By analyzing the distribution at marine structures, this study confirmed that the ships' traffic volume was in the form of normal distribution. To statistically analyze the separation distance between the traffic distribution results and the normal distribution of ships in this study, the traffic pattern analysis around the marine structures was performed. As a result, the traffic pattern was different by length and the recommended safety distance for each length is presented accordingly. Referring to the IMO (International Maritime Organization) the standard turning circle and reference of safety separation distance between ships and offshore wind turbines of the CESMA (Confederation of European Shipmasters' Associations) and P IANC (World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructures), the analysis was conducted on ships that did not follow the set distance among the AIS data by setting the distance within the recommended ship safety distance to 5-7 overall length. As a result, the 5.5 length over all of the safety recommendations were selected as appropriate, and based on the above results, the two cases recommending ship safety distance were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2010

Vessel Operator has been navigating with subjective sate distance in accordance with night & daytime, fore & aft, port & stbd abeam and visibility situation. This sate distances may different depending on inside & outside harbor limit, current, wind and visibility situation. By now, the concept of proper sate distance between navigating vessels has been adopted in Korea, using the early 1980's foreign data. And the safe distance is being used with the same value without any consideration of inside & outside harbor and the kind of vessel. So it is necessary to evaluate or search proper distance concept based on different sate consciousness of Korean manners. This paper aims to develop the basic model for marine traffic evaluation and the new model of marine traffic congestion. Also this paper proposes the basic control guideline of vessel traffic service center. The result of this study showed that minimum sate distance should be 4.4L forward, 3.1L aft and 26L abeam in case of good visibility in daytime, considering various parameters such as visibility, day and night. Some differences Here found between the existing minimum sate distance and the new minimum sate distance derived from the result of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.5-10
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• 2005

T.S. HANBADA will navigate to maintain the adequate distance between own ship and other ships safely for about 17 hours on the about 2 kts. On the above situation, M broadcasting station requires to maintain the distance from 100m to 500m between ships. This paper aims to calculate the minimum safe distance between ships, the distance is assessed by using ES Model which is a quantitative model for evaluating the difficulty of shiphandling. After marine traffic flow simulation, minimum safe distance for HANBADA on the 2kts is about 260m based ES value. On this paper, the result was compared about its distance to the actual navigating distance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.338-347
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• 2023

Jinhae Bay, characterized by frequent runaway ships and strong winds during typhoon attacks, poses a high risk of maritime accidents such as ship collisions and groundings. This study aims to determine a safe separation distance between ships in the Jinhae Bay anchorage, considering the unique environmental characteristics of the Korean sea area. Analysis revealed that an average of 100-200 ships anchor in the typhoon avoidance area in Jinhae Bay during typhoon attacks, with approximately 70% of ships experiencing anchor dragging owing to strong external forces exceeding 25 m/s wind speeds. In this study, we analyzed and presented the separation distances between ships during anchoring operations based on domestic and international design standards, separation distances between ships used as actual typhoon shelters in Jinhae Bay, and appropriate safe distances for ships drifting under strong external forces. The analysis indicated that considering the minimum criteria based on the design standards and emergency response time, a minimum safe distance of approximately 400-900 m was required. In cases where ample space was available, the separation distance was recommended to be set between 700 to 900 m. The findings of this study are anticipated to contribute to the development of guidelines for establishing safe separation distances between ships seeking refuge from typhoons in Jinhae Bay in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

Where an interchange is located just after a tunnel not only it is impossible to install the traffic signs in tunnel sections but also sufficient sight distance to identify the interchange can't be provided. The objective of this study is to suggest the safety based spacing between tunnel and interchange. For this study accident rate was used as an index representing characteristics for vehicle operation to suggest the appropriate spacing. Traffic volume and the number of accidents on freeway from 1992 to 1997 were analyzed. The relationship between accident rate and spacing represents negative logarithm function such that shorter spacing increases accident rate. An appropriate safety based spacing between tunnel and interchange for four lane freeway with the design speed of 100kph was found as 2.6km.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.114-116
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• 2011

해상교통 관제 서비스는 해상교통량의 폭주, 위험화물의 증가와 잠재적인 환경오염의 위험 등에서 항만의 안전 또는 항만운영 효율성 제고하기 위해 실시하는 통항서비스로 VTS 구역 내에서 주변상황 및 해상교통상황을 적시에 제공하여 선박에서 항해의사 결정과정에 도움이 될 수 있도록 정보서비스 등을 제공하고 있으며 실제로 안전한 해상교통에 많은 도움을 주고 있는 것이 사실이다. 우리나라 전 연안 및 항만에서 운영하고 14개소의 VTS 및 연안 VTS 서비스를 제공하고 있다. VTS 관제사는 선박운항자와 마찬가지로 관제하고 있는 항만이나 연안의 지형적 특성에 따라 선박의 안전한 운항을 위해 선박과 선박 사이 및 선박과 육지(장해물)와의 최소안전거리를 두고 관제를 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 각 VTS 관제사들이 관제하는 안전이격거리를 개인별로 조사함으로써 VTS 관제사간의 안전이격거리를 조사함에 그 목적이 있다. 설문조사 결과 같은 VTS 소속임에도 불구하고 개인별로 관제하는 최소안전거리가 많은 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.79-81
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• 2019

국내 해상풍력발전단지와 선박간의 이격거리에 대한 명확한 규정 및 법령이 없는 시점에서 이 연구는 국내 해상풍력발전단지의 안전거리를 국내 및 해외의 관련 규정 및 문헌을 검토사항을 바탕으로 부산 청사포 해역 인근의 선박 통항량을 AIS Data 기반 분석하여 해상풍력발전단지 시설물(Wind Turbine)의 안전을 확보하기 위한 방안을 검토하였다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.10 s.106
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• pp.833-838
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• 2005

This paper is to investigate the minimum safe distance between T/S Hanbada and a group of vessels participating in the event hosted by M broadcasting station who asked T/S Hanbada to keep a distance from $100m{\sim}500m$. The minimum safe distance was assessed by using ES Model which evaluates quantitatively the difficulty of shiphandling, and the simulation of marine traffic flow. As a result the minimum safe distance of T/S Hanbada moving at a speed of 2 knots turns out about 260m and is compared with the actual value.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2012

Focusing on the load tunnel, this study assessed the behavior of rock pillars with less than 0.5D of the minimized distance between the two horizontal tunnels by using a three dimensional numerical analysis. Based on a parameter affecting the behavior of rock pillars, this study evaluated different safety factors according to pillar width, depth and rock conditions. It turned out that as the pillar width increases, the current curve of safety factors in accordance with depth and rock conditions shows more of the nonlinear behavior. Judging from the minimum safety factor, the study suggested a design chart, working on the minimized distance between the two horizontal tunnels.