• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.44 no.2 s.441
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• pp.133-138
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• 2006

This is a report of one case about facial asymmetry involving maxilla & mandible. Le Fort I Maxillary Osteotomy & BSSRO is usually used for facial asymmetry patient involving maxilla & mandible. But Le Fort I Maxillary Osteotomy has demerits about more aggressive technique, more operation times, more discomforts of post operation nasal breathing than Unilateral maxillary Segmental Osteotomy. So we treated one patient successfully using Unilateral Maxillary Segmental Osteotomy, BSSRO & Post - Operation Rapid Orthodontics instead of Le Fort I Maxillary Osteotomy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

The function of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was assessed by electromyography in 30 patients with mandibular prognathism (20 patients with facial asymmetry and 10 patients without facial asymmetry) before orthognathic surgery and 4weeks afterwards. Electromyogram(EMG) recordings were made during resting, clenching and swallowing. We compared with right-left difference of this recording and asymmetry index before and after orthognathic surgery. The result of this study was as follows. 1. There was no significant right-left difference in muscle activities of masticatory muscles both asymmetric groups and controls and many variable change after orthognathic surgery.(P>0.05) 2. The mean electric activity of the masticatory muscles was found to have decreased during more clenching than resting, but there was no statistically significant difference because of individual difference of measuring values.(P>0.05) 3. The asymmetry index of masticatory muscles in asymmetric groups was significantly greater during clenching compared with controls.(P<0.05) In conclusion, no right-left difference of muscle activities was found in patients with facial asymmetry before orthognathic surgery and 4weeks afterwards. Not only muscular functioning but also many other factors, such as occlusion, temporomandibular joint disorder and trauma, probably affect facial asymmetry and will be analyzed in future studies. And we will need long term follow-up after orthognathic surgery.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1991

The bulging of mandibular angle area, frequently, make some difficulties in social life due to its reckless appearence, especially in oriental nations. So, many authors had reported its causes and surgical techniques for correction since late 19th century with diagnosis of masseter hypertrophy. But in spite of its muscular origin, major surgical techniques, in general, should aim complete bony reduction or osteotomy and supplemental myotomy as in hemimandibular hypertrophy or mandibular elongation. We used ultrasonogram for soft tissue depth estimation and expearenced some complications such as incomplete lingual cortical bony reduction, condylar fracture in mandibular angle reduction via intraoral circumvestibular approach. So we reported our surgical technique for angle reduction with possible complications.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

This study was carried out to qualitatively examine the effect of hand massage on facial contour treatment. In the research, the hand massage was carried out to do facial treatments 2 times a week, total 20 times for 10 weeks on women in their 20s~40s. 3D Laser Scanner was used to analyze. The change of facial volume decreased by $731mm^3$ (p>.05), the thickness of cheekbone area decreased by 0.40mm(p<.05) and the thickness of mastication area decreased by 0.44mm after hand massage(p<.05) By above-mentioned findings, hand massage is likely to be an effective treatment for the reduction of facial volume, the thickness of cheekbone area and mastication area to be basic data of establishing facial line treatment methods.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2005

Purpose: To assess the relationship between soft tissue reference line and hard tissue reference line using the standardized photographs and the posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs(P-A)in facial asymmetric patients and to compare the differences of angular measurement between normal group and asymmetry group. Methods: Normal group consisted of 44 persons with normal occlusion and normal facial morphology. Asymmetry group consisted of 90 patients with facial asymmetry. Standardized facial photographs and P-A were taken in all subjects. The horizontal reference lines were bipupillary line in photographs and latero-orbitale line in P-A respectively. The vertical reference line were the line from the midpoint of horizontal reference line perpendicularly. Angular measurement of otobasion canting, lip canting, nose deviation, chin deviation, and maxillary deviation were compared and analyzed in photographs. And angular measurement of mastoid canting, mandibular canting, nose deviation, chin deviation, and maxillary deviation were compared and analyzed in P-A. Results: 1. The variables of photographs and P-A were significantly related in the asymmetry group. 2. Significant differences between all variables except for PT2 and PA2 were shown in the asymmetry group and between PT1 and PA1, PT3 and PA3 in the normal group respectively. 3. Comparison measurement scores of angular difference between control group and experimental group concerning each variable showed significant difference except for PA1. Conclusions: Soft tissue components may not compensate for underlying skeletal imbalance in nose deviation and chin deviation. The horizontal reference lines in photographs were significant related with the P-A, but angular variables between the two studies show significant differences. Therefore, we do not recommend use photography in the assessment the facial asymmetry as complemented in the P-A.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 2024

In esthetic prosthetic treatment, color, shape, texture of teeth, and harmony with the facial appearance are considered very important. The virtual patient is formed by integrating data from intraoral and facial scans and mandibular movement records, making fabricating more aesthetic and functional prostheses possible in digital dentistry. In this case report, the patient with the tilted occlusal plane and facial asymmetry was restored with an anterior maxillary implant and a tooth-supported fixed prosthesis using the virtual patient. By using a virtual patient, it was possible to communicate between the dentist and patient or the dental technician during the design process, and we report this case because the results showed satisfactory aesthetic and functional results after treatment.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess the relationship between soft tissue asymmetry and bone tissue asymmetry using the standardized photographs and the posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric radiographs in mandibular asymmetric patients. And to clarify that the lack of morphologic balance among different skeletal components can often be masked by compensatory soft tissue contributions. Methods: Experimental group consisted of 58 patients whose chief complaints were facial asymmetry, they were taken with standardized facial photographs and PA cephalometric radiographs. Control group consisted of 30 persons in the normal occlusion. The reproducibility of the facial photograph was confirmed by model test. The differences of fractional vertical heightand horizontal width from standardized facial photographs and PA cephalometric radiographs were compared and analyzed. Results: The difference of fractional vertical bone height was 0.63 and fractional vertical soft height was 0.58 in control group, 3.10 and 2.01 in asymmetric group, respectively. The difference of fractional horizontal bone width was 0.52 and fractional horizontal soft width was 0.70 in control group, 2.51 and 1.70 in asymmetric group, respectively. Both soft and bone tissue showed significant difference between control and asymmetric group (p<0.05). The difference of bone tissue was greater than that of soft tissue (p<0.05) in the experimental group but, not in control group. Conclusions: Soft tissue components may compensate for underlying skeletal imbalances.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.396-410
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• 1996

This study was carried out to evaluate the distribution and the degree of the asymmetry existed in normal persons and asymmetric patients, and to investigate the changes of asymmetric patients after orthognathic surgery. The analysis was performed with the posteroanterior cephalometric radiography of 60 normal persons and 31 facial asymmetric patients. The results were as follows : 1. The degree of normal asymmetry existed in normal persons was not significant except MF and Me measurements. 2. The degree of normal asymmetry according to sex difference was not significant except cranial base area. 3. When normal persons were compared to asymmetric patients, there were more measurements which presented significant asymmetry on mandible than on maxilla. 4. When postoperative state was compared to preoperative state, the degree of asymmetry were usually decreased except AGO and GA measurements, especially the Cd, MF, Me, and Cd-Me measurements decreased significantly. 5. When postoperative state was compared to normal persons, 4 measurements of mandible approached significantly the measurements of normal persons.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 1990

Classification of facial asymmetry has not been yet well-organized because of their variety on etiologic factors, involved sites and clinical expressions. And surgical treatments are also variable and depend upon their causes and clinical abnormalities. This is a case report on surgical experiences of two patients who had severe facial asymmetry and could not treated pre-surgical orthodontics before surgery. One patient was belong to hemifacial microsomia and another was a very unusual complex type related to unilateral condylar hyperplasia, unilateral macrognathia and unilateral mandibular hypoplasia. The authors used a simultaneous two-jaw surgery, bone shaving and onlay-type bone graft in former case, and a simultaneous two-jaw surgery, condylectomy, bone shaving and only-type bone graft in latter case. In two cases, immediate post-operative results in function and esthetics were excellent, however, progressive resorption of onlay-type bone grafts have been noticed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.255-268
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• 1992

There are various modalities in the treatment of facial asymmetry, but in severe case with TMD by actively growing deformed condyle, the treatment choice is removing the condyle growth center and TMD symptom such as click or muscular discomfort. In our one case, the patient was complain of facial asymmetry. There are severe deformed condyle head with bird-head fashion and enlarged mandibular ramus and body vertically about 18 mm, overgrowthed Rt. mandible body horizontally about 20 mm. She had intermittent Lt. TMJ clicking and muscular discomfort. The author diagnosed it as Lt. hemimandibular hyper-plasia & R, hemimandibular elongation, a combination form with TMD. the condyle was in active growing state in scintigraphic analysis. So we extirpated the deformed condyle by intrasoral sagittal split ramus osteotomy and reshaped the condyle and mandibular distal fragment extraorally. The distal fragment was readapted in glenoid fossa and fixated. In Rt. mandibular body area, autogenous onlay bone graft on the inferior border of mandible was performed to correct the asymmetry. The clicking and facial asymmetry was corrected and we report this results with other literature findings.