• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2017

Objectives : Middle aged women with depression often experience hot flush symptoms. It is still unclear about the association between depression and hot flush symptoms. Therefore, we investigated hormonal profile, functional somatic symptoms, coping styles and attitude for menopause between depressed women with hot flush and those without hot flush. Methods : This study included 33 depressed patients with hot flush symptoms and 33 depressed patients without hot flush symptoms. Hot flush was confirmed through prospective daily symptom ratings for a week. Subjects' coping styles were assessed by the stress coping checklist. Somatic symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15(PHQ-15). Sex hormonal levels were assayed by a radioimmunoassay. The Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument(WHOQOL-BREF) was used to evaluate quality of life. Results : In coping style, depressed women with hot flush symptoms used less 'problem-centered coping'($13.15{\pm}3.17$) and 'search for social support'($11.83{\pm}2.84$) than those without hot flush symptoms($15.17{\pm}3.1$, p=0.028 ; $14.25{\pm}3.22$, p=0.009 ; respectively). Depressed women with hot flush symptoms showed more negative attitude toward post-menopause, but its statistical significance was marginally insufficient(p=0.059). We did not find any group differences in sex hormonal levels and somatic complaints assessed by the PHQ-15. The score of social relationship domain of WHOQOL-BREF was significantly lower in subjects with hot flush symptoms($8.62{\pm}2.04$) than subjects without hot flush symptoms($9.71{\pm}1.65$ ; p=0.044). Conclusions : Among middle aged women with depression, the manifestation of hot flush symptoms was associated with coping styles and attitude for menopausal transition. Hot flush symptoms in depressed women negatively influence quality of life, so clinicians actively perform therapeutic approach in case of depressed patients with hot flush symptoms. In case of depressed patients who present hot flushes, cognitive behavior therapy or stress management might be an effective treatment option in company with antidepressants or hormonal treatment. Later, longitudinal study will be needed to evaluate risk factor, cause and effect associated with hot flush and depression.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

The results from eight randomized controlled studies demonstrate that venlafaxine is effective in the treatment of hot flashes with tolerable adverse effects. Based on the results of the above studies, venlafaxine can be recommended for the treatment of hot flashes. However, there are limitations in the above studies. The inclusion criteria of 5 studies reviewed in this paper was breast cancer patients, so it's hard to apply the results to the general population in clinical practice. Also 5 studies had less than 100 subjects included, and 18-week study was the longest one among studies reviewed in this paper. Therefore, large and long-term clinical studies with the general population should be conducted to use venlafaxine for the treatment of hot flashes in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2011

The results from eight clinical studies demonstrate that citalopram and escitalopram could be an effective option in the treatment of hot flashes with tolerable adverse effects. However, there are limitations in the above studies. The inclusion criteria of 2 studies reviewed in this paper was breast cancer patients, so it's hard to apply the results to the general population in clinical practice. Also 4 studies had less than 50 subjects included, and the duration of study was 8 weeks or less in 7 studies reviewed in this paper. Moreover, only 4 studies were randomized, placebo-controlled trials (3 for citalopram and 1 for escitalopram). Therefore, further randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with the general population should be needed to use citalopram and escitalopram for the treatment of hot flashes in clinical practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.195-195
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• 1994

병원별 총 추적기간은 602-4,137 인년 이었으며, 병원별 대상자 1인당 추적일수의 중앙값은 34.5-61일 이었다. 병원별 추적 완료율도 35.3-92.3%로 다양하게 나타났다. 대상자중 칼슘차단제의 혈관확장효과에 따른 부작용들의 8주간 누적 발생율을 보면, 안면홍조 23.3%, 두통 13.5%, 심계항진 13.3%, 어지러움 7.6%, 하지부종 6.6% 였다. 그 외 부작용으로는 변비 13예, 소화장애 8예, 오심 6예, 치은비대, 안면부종, 피로감이 각각 2예, 탈모증, 불면증, 허약감, 피부질환, 호흡곤란, 손발저림, 발한, 구강건조 등이 각각 1예 있었다. 안면홍조의 발생율이 남자(12.9%)보다 여자(29.9%)에서 높았으며, 투여한 약제에 따라서 Nitrendipine 34.0%, Nifedipine 26,6%, Nicardipine 17.8%, Amlodipine 12.2%로써 약제별로 차이가 있었다. 두통의 발생율은 40세 미만 32.8%, 40-54세 15,8%, 55세 이상 10.5%로써 연령이 증가할수록 발생율이 낮았다. 하지부종의 발생율도 남자(3.4%)보다 여자(8.6%)에서 높았으며, 투여한 약제에 따라서 Nitrendipine 15.2%, Nifedipine 10.0%, Amlodipine 2, 1%, Nicardipine 0%로써 약제별로 차이가 있었다. 안면홍조가 발생한 환자에서 약물을 계속 투여시 2주후에 63.5%, 4주후에 77.0% 6주후에 88.5%가 소실하여 최초 안면홍조가 발생한 환자중 11.5%에서만 증상이 남아있었다. 약물투여를 중단하게 된 사유는 안면홍조와 두통이 각각 15예, 심계항진 4예, 어지러움 2예, 변비 및 안면부종이 각각 1예로 나타났다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.224-237
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• 2011

For establishing the efficacy against breast cancer occurrence, women's mammographic breast density and hot flush remission related to pre and post-menopausal symptoms were selected as biomarkers. Meta analysis applied the final selection of 40 papers from Medline to assess the efficacy of isoflavone-rich soy or supplements versus placebo under randomized controlled trials. Interestingly, the exposure to the purified isoflavones was more effective than the exposure to the crude extract of soy isoflavones for hot flush suppression. The length and the amount of dosage dependency is the most appropriately suggested to be one year long with 50~100 mg/day of isoflavone-rich soy or supplements. Funnel plots was used to interpret the results, overall effect of isoflavones on breast density in post-menopausal women was revealed to be less effect [effect size: 0.062, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005 to 0.12], than that of pre-menopausal women (effect size: 0.101, CI: -0.003 to 0.205). The reason why breast density was found higher among the pre-menopausal than the post-menopausal women is that the phytoestrogens of dietary isoflavones were antagonized against estrogen by the basis of estrogen receptor binding affinity. Overall, the Meta analysis reported that isoflavone had limited influence on breast density by suppressing the expansion by only 2%, while it was more effective to suppressing the hot flush, showing a dramatic decrease of 23%.

• 건강소식
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.28-29
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• 2012

날씨가 추워지면서 혈관 수축이 제대로 기능하지 못해 심각해지는 질환이 바로 안면홍조증 이다. 단기간에 치료하기 어렵고, 많은 사람들이 '이러다 괜찮아지겠지'라고 생각하지만 내버려두면 시간이 흐를수록 악화되기 십상이다. 꾸준한 치료와 관리가 필요하다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aims to report a case of hot flush-type rosacea improved by oral administration of Baekho-tang. Methods : The patient visited our clinic due to hot flash symptom on April 16, 2020. Based on the symptoms of hating heat, bloating, sweating, and thirst, traditional medicine Baekho-tang was prescribed. Results : After 5 days of taking Baekho-tang, the symptom score of hot flush improved significantly from 8 to 3. About a week later, most of the symptoms, including hot flush, edema, and burning sensation almost disappeared. After treatment, the follow-up process was conducted for about a month, and it was confirmed that the flushing of the face did not recur and remained improved. Conclusions : After a week of Baekho-tang administration, hot flush, burning sensation, edema and other symptoms associated with rosacea improved overall.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2014

Purpose: This research investigated the degree and predictors of hot flashes and hypogonadism symptoms in patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone replacement therapy. Methods: The subjects were 111 patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone replacement therapy in two university hospitals located in D city. The measurement tools included Hot Flash Diary and AMS (Aging Male's Symptoms rating scales). The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The percentage of patients who experienced hot flashes among the participants was 14.4%. The predictors for hot flashes were eating irregularly, having coffee frequently and the types of hormone. The average score of hypogonadism symptom was 2.16 out of five-point scale and the highest score of hypogonadism symptom was the sexual symptoms (2.77 out of five-point scale). The predictors for hypogonadism symptom were eating habits and years of having the illness. Conclusion: These findings provide the information that irregularly eating habit was an important factor in hot flashes and hypogonadism symptoms of the participants. Therefore the development of a nutritional education encouraging regular meals is necessary for the given population.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.765-774
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• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explain the phenomena of hot flashes in climacteric women by using Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI) objectively and to identify the interrelation between the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes by comparing the two as reported in retrospective questionnaires. Methods: The participants were one hundred women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. Hot flashes were measured in a temperature and humidity controlled room for 7 hr from 10 am to 5 pm. Hot flashes were measured subjectively and recorded via the Hot Flash Diary Report. When participants felt the hot flashes, they were measured objectively by Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and LDPI. Results: The frequency of hot flashes in participants ranged from 1 to 7 times. When hot flashes occurred in participants, the erythema, skin temperature, skin hydration, and blood perfusion showed statistically significant changes in all measurements. But, the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes showed only weak correlations. Conclusion: Results indicate a need for future research with subjective and objective measuring instruments chosen depending variations identified for the study.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2011

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical use of Kupperman's Index, Menopausespecific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) by comparison with the Subjective measures of hot flush. Methods: The participants were 107 women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. The evaluating indexes of this trial are hot flush score, hot flush VAS, Hot flush consistence time, sweating VAS, Kupperman`s Index, Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL), Menopause Rating Scale(MRS). Results: 1. The hot flush score, hot flush VAS, sweating VAS were significantly correlated with each other, but the Hot flush consistence time with no special relationship was found on Subjective measures of hot flush 2. The Kupperman's Index, Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) and Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) were significantly correlated with each other. 3. There was significant correlation between Subjective measures of hot flush and Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL), Thus Menopausespecific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL) is considered the most suitable on hot flush related research. Conclusions: There was significant correlation between Subjective measures of hot flush and Menopausal scale, thus the use of various indicators are needed for the assessment of climacteric symptoms.