• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study is to grasp domestic eyewear trends in 2008 with analyzing brands, types, materials, colors and styles of new eyewear products. Methods: Examined all new eyewear products which were on three magazines related with eyewear published in Korea; "안경계", "Eye 11" and "THE AXIS". Results: There are 103 companies, 182 brands in 3 magazines related eyewear published in 2008. There are 77 domestic brands and 105 imported brands, and there are 522 eyeglasses and 126 sunglasses. Material of eyeglasses make up 37.93% of combination frames, 33.14% of metal frames and 28.93% of plastic frames and material of sunglasses make up 50.79% of plastic frames, 30.95% of combination frames and 18.25% of metal frames. From a style point of view, there are lots of retro and casual styles which one can express one's individuality with. In terms of colors, basic colors such as black and gray are mainstream and pastel tones and vivid tones are mainly used as the point color. Conclusions: The results of analyzing new eyewear products show that many light and feeling good products such as thin plate frames, TR frames and thin plate-TR combination frames were released in case of domestic eyewear products. In case of imports, there are lots of simple Ti frames and acetate frames which were variety patterns and colors.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-73
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• 1998

In the 60's to 70's, frame selection was a purely mechanical consideration almost entirely dominated by the optician and his subjective judgments. Toddy the cosmetic factor is predominant. The variety of frame color, materials, and style means that the main burden of selection has passed to the customer, leaving the optician control a subtle factor often difficult to exert. Common materials include nickel silver, Hi-nickel alloy, bronze, stainless steel, gold, gold plated, gold clad, copper beryllium, titanium and sometimes aluminium. In manufacturing of metal frames with the materials, even though fashion is the stimulant of consumer demand, all the metal frame for the prescription to refractive correction should be designed correctly styled eyewear which is cosmetically pleasing, functional correct, physically comfortable, mechanically and structurally perfectible, and temperamentally acceptable.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

We have compared and analyzed the definition of medical devices, classification, who treats, controls and sales the spectacle frames in South Korea, USA and European Union in this paper. South Korea classifies the spectacle frames as an industrial products while EU and USA regards it them as the medical devices. Sunglasses are industrial products in South Korea and EU but they are still the medical devices in USA. Assignment of spectacle frames and sunglasses as an industrial products could bring into several problems. Restricted classification of medical devices on spectacle frames and sunglasses will resolve the problem mentioned.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

Purpose: The objective of the study: At present, the spectacles, with its use as a medical aids or a fashion trimming, are recognized as one of the living necessities which can't be separated from human body. One of the features of spectacles is that it must be worn on any part of human body. Such a feature has to be satisfied under the condition an user keeps feeling comfortable with the rim of spectacles worn. In order to ensure meeting this condition, a criterion has to be arranged for the design of the rim of spectacles. In order to manufacture a rim of spectacles which allows an user to secure a comfortable range of vision as well as enhancing the feeling when to be worn, a manufacturing standard has to be established based on optical science. No precise rim of spectacles could be made from the manufacturing method depending on the manufacturer's sensibility. When the rim of spectacles was manufactured according to the incorrect standards, it may cause an user such a fatal result as myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. Methods: This study focuses on providing a detailed explanation about the design of rim, which is the most important element during designing a rim of spectacles, making use of the optical elements of spectacles, and helping the manufacturers and the people who work in the spectacles-related business understand and recognize what is correct and exact and then leading them to establish a standard in respect to the manufacture and selection of spectacles. Results, Conclusions: Considering the fact there happen many errors in relation with the names of rim stipulated in the provisions of International Standards Organization (ISO), due to wrong interpretation by some of the rim manufacturers, the right interpretation should be given about the bridge which is directly connected to rim, so that the rims of spectacles manufactured in Korea could keep a favorable position in competing with the foreign products of same kinds.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

Purpose: In this paper, the changes in eyeglasses frames were investigated when the frames were exposed to artificial sweat. Methods: The changes in surface, hardness, and tensile strength of eyeglasses frames made of nickel silver, Monel, and titanium were tested after the exposure to the artificial sweat of pH 6.5, 6.0, and 5.0, during 1, 3, and 6 week(s), for each. Results: Corrosion pattern of eyeglasses frames made of nickel silver, Monel, and titanium was induced by artificial sweat, and the patterns were different from another frame materials. In proportion to the pH of artificial sweat and exposure time to artificial sweat, hardness of all frames made of three different material decreased, however, tensile strength of the three frames was not changed. Conclusions: The necessity of routine management for eyeglasses frames can be suggested since the changes in surface corrosion and hardness of eyeglasses frames induced by sweat were shown.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.461-468
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• 2018

Purpose : Tourmaline, a natural ore material, was applied to the entire eyeglasses to observe changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), one of the factors related to human ocular metabolism. Methods : After making eyeglass frames by mixing TR-90, which is the main material of eyeglass frames and 7wt% of tourmaline, The changes of intraocular pressure before and after wearing of tourmaline spectacle frames were divided into low, middle and high groups according to the intraocular pressure in 90 normal subjects (46 men and 44 women) in their 20s. Results : Total intraocular pressure was a significantly decreased to -4.14% (p<0.000) in the right eye after wearing tourmaline frames, and significantly decreased to -6.39 % (p<0.000) and -4.64 % (p<0.017) in the High and Middle groups, respectively. Total intraocular pressure was a significantly decreased to -2.74 % (p<0.004) in the left eye, and -4.58 % (p<0.000) in the High group only showed statically significant value. Conclusion : In this study, the spectacle frame containing 7wt% tourmaline was used and it was confirmed that the intraocular pressure was significantly decreased after wearing the spectacle frame, and it became close to the average value of the normal intraocular pressure range. The results of this study showed that tourmaline, which has the effect of promoting the metabolism and blood circulation of the body, has an effect on the normalization of the intraocular pressure by attaching it to the spectacle frame.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1996

According to Korean pharmaceutic law, spectacles is a kind of medical device or instrument that is composed of a front and two temples with a pair of lenses. If the spectacle is not worn, it is a kind of optical device, but if it were worn, it will makes a new optical system to correct ametropia. Therefore, spectacles must be carried on by dispensing opticians.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2000

Differential equations and their solutions were formulated to describe the deflection of both temples and front frames and the pressure exerted by them varying parameters such as elastic modulus, thickness, length, width and shape of crosssection. The effect of such parameters on the deflections of both temples and front frames was illustrated by plotting the solutions of the derived equations. Deflection of temples was found to be maximum where the cross section was diamond-shaped and to be minimum with the rectangular cross section while thickness and cross section area of temples remain constant. The effect of parameters consisting of front frame on the deflection of front frames are very similar to those on temples. The central deflection and pressure of front frame initiated by the temple decreases as the length of temple increases. Detailed analysis of stresses at various parts of the temple will help design custom made spectacle frame as well as most comfortable frames.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was investigated consumers' and optometrists' perception about spectacle frame in Busan and Ulsan to find on the right progress direction for conversion of spectacle frame into medical devices. Methods: 137 consumers surveyed in Busan and Ulsan and 100 optometrist surveyed in 'Busan continuing education of optometrist' filled in a questionnaire, then we compared and analyzed the results. Results: The 79% (108 people) of consumers and 94% (94 people) of optometrists agreed to conversion into medical devices of spectacle frame. The reason was shown that the consumer expected to improve the optometrist reliability and the optometrist expected to improve the optometrist professionalism. While, the 21% (29 people) consumer and 6% (6 people) optometrist opposed to conversion of spectacle frame into medical devices. The reason was revealed that the consumers were concerned about increase of medical insurance cost and the optometrists were concerned about that the spectacle frames can also be sold by medical device stores, not only by optical shops. Conclusions: The result of the survey was shown that the most of consumers and optometrists in Busan and Ulsan agreed on perception toward a conversion of spectacle frame into medical devices. But, we are considered that consumers' and optometrists' active attention and support are needed, with sequential implementation reflecting the concerns for this.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

In this study, focusing on workers wholesale optical frame, analyze the distribution of the optical frame, we studied the improvement of distribution. Has a work in the distribution industry and education in the various age groups, size of the company was small-scale. For the inventory management of the optical frame, systematic management is not performed, expectations for a better distribution system also was not large. In order to ensure better sales, wholesale optical frame company role intermediate of the spectacle manufacturers optical frame consumer deemed it is necessary to ensure the activation of internet sales and joint sale.