• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.127-128
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• 2000

악취 측정은 악취의 배출 허용을 판정하는데 대단히 중요한 기술이라 할 수 있다. 우리나라의 경우 악취배출 허용기준은 대기환경보전법에 명시되어 있으며 그 규제기준의 준법성 여부는 직접 관능법에 의한 악취 세기, 희석배율(악취농도) 및 기기측정에 의한 악취성분의 농도에 의해 판정하고 있다. 최근 악취민원이 전국으로 확산되면서 악취 배출원을 갖는 사업장과 악취오염의 피해를 입는 주민의 입장에서 악취의 허용배출의 정도에 대한 견해차이가 부각되면서 악취의 측정이나 시료채취에 대한 합리성이 요구되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in levels of odorous compounds in pig slurry during different seasons. Slurry from pens of finishing pigs was sampled every 4-wk and concentration of odorous compounds was analyzed. There was no difference in the range of phenols level (123 to 156 ppm) during spring (April to May), summer (July to August) and fall (October to November). The concentration of indoles was higher (P<0.05) during spring (14.3 ppm) than summer and fall (5.4~7.6 ppm). Level of BCFA ranging from 727 to 1,194 ppm was not different at any season. Among SCFA, there was no difference in propionic acid during any season but levels of acetic acid and butyric acid were highest (P<0.05) during spring season. Concentration of odorous compounds in pig slurry was highest during spring season. Interestingly, it tended to be lower during summer season compare to fall. This result might be due to relatively lower ventilation rate in order to maintain a constant temperature during spring season. Further study will be necessary to determine the relationship between the concentration of odorous compounds and ventilation system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

The emission characteristics of odorous compounds discharged from the major environmental treatment facilities in Chungju were closely investigated by an ammonia passive sampler and by analyzing a questionnaire of the public complains. Amongst the four major emission sources, the manure treatment facility showed the highest concentration. The major components were sulfur compounds including H$_2$S, tri-methyl amine, and aldehydes. The foodwaste treatment processes releases sulfur compounds and aldehydes. Municipal waste water treatment facility emits a high concentration of acetaldehyde. It was found that the perceived odor level depends on the meteorological condition, and the odor intensity was higher at midnight than daytime.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.285-286
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• 2003

대기중의 황화물은 대표적인 악취물질로서 악취오염원 관리시에 이에 대한 측정이 자주 이루어 지고있다. 황화물의 경우 nmole/mole(ppb) 또는 그 이하의 농도의 극미량에서도 사람이 악취를 느끼게 하고있어 이를 관리하기 위해서는 이렇게 매우 낮은 농도까지 측정이 이루어져야 한다. 황화물은 반응성이 크고, 흡착성이 커서 일반 휘발성 유기물과는 달리 낮은 농도에서 더욱 안정성이 떨어지므로 정확한 측정이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 황화물의 측정 정확도를 확립하기 위해서 측정 단계별 불확도 평가를 수행하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.161-162
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• 2003

악취현상은 더 이상 대기오염물질에 한 형태가 아니며 또다른 하나의 감각공해라는 개념이 점차 확산되면서 악취에 대한 관심이 점차 고조되고 있다. 그러나 악취현상의 규명이 국내는 물론 국외에서도 충분한 근거를 제공받지 못하는 데에는 첫째, 대기환경 중에 악취물질은 약 40만종 이상이며, 각 물질의 최소감지 농도(threshold:역치) 값 자체가 수ppm∼수ppb 이하 수준이므로 물질농도를 정확히 규명하는 데에는 물질 고유의 특성과 더불어 상당한 수준의 기술과 장비가 요구된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.209-210
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• 2002

감각적인 불쾌감을 야기하는 악취물질의 종류는 다양하며, 매우 낮은 농도에서도 감각기관을 자극할 뿐 아니라 물질간 반응이 복잡한 특징을 갖고있어 화학성분분석법과 함께 감각적인 자극수준을 평가하는 관능측정법을 병행하여 악취현상을 종합적으로 평가하게 된다 특히 매립지 등의 환경기초시설이 운영됨에 따라 나타나는 악취현상을 객관적으로 평가하기 위해서는 대기확산모델의 운영이 필요하며, 이를 위한 악취배출량 자료의 구축이 필요하게 된다. (중략)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2008

Odor management is significantly concerned with sustainable livestock production because odor nuisance is a primary cause for complaint to neighbors. This study was conducted to measure the concentration of odorous compounds, odor intensity, and odor offensiveness at unit process in animal waste treatment facility combined composting and methane fermentation process by an instrumental analysis and direct olfactory method. Ammonia, sulfur-containing compounds, and volatile fatty acid were analyzed at each process units and boundary area in summer and winter, respectively. Higher concentration of odorants occurred in the summer than in the winter due to high ambient temperature. The maximum concentration of odorants was detected in composting pile when mixed manure was being turned followed by inlet, curing, outlet, and screen & packing process. Highest concentration of detected odorous compounds was ammonia ranging from 3.4 to 224.7 ppm. Among the sulfur-containing compounds measured, hydrogen sulfide was a maximum level of 2.3 ppm and most of them exceeded reported odor detection thresholds. Acetic acid was the largest proportion of VFA generated, reaching a maximum of 51 to 89%, followed by propionic and butyric acid at 1.9 to 35% and 1.8 to 15%, respectively. Malodor assessment by a human panel appeared a similar tendency in instrumental analysis data. Odor quotient for predicting major odor-causing compounds was calculated by dividing concentrations measured in process units by odor detection thresholds. In the composting process, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide, and methyl mercaptan were deeply associated with odor-causing compounds, while the major malodor compounds in the inlet process were methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, and butyric acid.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

Six pig farms were surveyed to measure the odor concentrations and characteristics of ammonia and sulfide corollary compounds in piggery. They were depended on the scale of piggery, weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, scales and types of pig breeding, and manure treatment methods. The highest ammonia concentrations in piggery were measured during the winter, since the tight sealed insulation in piggery made less amount of generated ammonia discharged from piggery. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of odor in the piggery by season and growing, and to measure concentrations of odor at boundary area. So, we investigated the raising managements, manure managements, and methods of reducing odor according to farm scale. We found that concentration of ammonia gas in the swine fattening piggery in winter was the highest. This result is consistent with the lower ventilation rate to maintain Indoor temperature. In this result, there was no connection between farm scale and ventilating system. Concentration of ammonia gas was 1.64 ppm at one boundary area in the middle scale. $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, $(CH_3)_2S$, and $(CH_3)_2S_2$ were below the standard of protection odor policy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.310-311
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• 2002

악취는 인간이 직접 후각으로 느끼는 환경오염의 지표로서 극히 낮은 농도에서도 피해를 유발하여 대기질 전반에 대한 불신을 초래하게 된다. 악취의 주요 발생원으로는 정유공장, 화학공장, 하수처리장, 분뇨 및 축산폐수처리장, 쓰레기 매립지 등으로 발생원이 매우 다양하고 여러 가지 복합된 화합물이 원인이 되어 악취를 유발시키는 것이 특징이다. 우리나라의 주거여건은 주변환경을 충분히 고려하지 못한 개발로 공업지역과 주거지역이 근접 또는 혼재하여 악취오염에 근본적으로 취약한 구조의 도시가 형성된 곳도 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1161-1168
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• 2009

This research was conducted on characteristic of offensive odors in Shihwa industrial complex. Result of blocks distribution of TVOC indicates that mechanic block, site D, was the highest concentration (74 ppb). Chemistry block, site A, was the second highest concentration (50 ppb). Also, mixed blocks, metal blocks and park etc. were measured almost similar concentration about 30 ppb, but mixed block, site F, was the place where concentrations were the smallest. Average of TVOC was shown about 35 ppb concentration. Aldehydes including acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were prevalent among offensive odors in Shihwa industrial complex. Comparing the offensive odor intensity mostly about acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydrogen sulfide which contain high offensive odor intensity showed results that sites A, B (chemistry block) and site D, I (mechanic block) site H (metal block) have showed the intensity over 1. In the case of acetaldehyde, relatively the high odor intensities over '2' were able to obtain in many cases. The correlation coefficient (r) for hydrogen sulfide was 0.91, so that high positive correlation exists between offensive odor intensity and the hydrogen sulfide element. Butyraldehyde also showed high positive correlation coefficient, as 0.82. Correlation coefficient of acetaldehyde that had the highest value as offensive odor substance was 0.62, had somewhat correlation with offensive odor intensity.