• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.90-98
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• 2016

A high temperature heater is required to supply high temperature air to the hypersonic propulsion system in order to simulate high velocity flying condition during the ground test. Various high temperature heaters were reviewed, categorized, and analyzed in this paper. Heaters were categorized in 4 groups; in-stream combustion heater, electric arc heater, storage heater, and heat exchange heater. Each group has its own advantages and disadvantages, so the heater should be selected considering its purpose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• v.y2005m4
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• pp.35-38
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• 2005

The computational fluid dynamic analysis has been conducted for the thermo-chemical flow field in an arcjet thruster with mono-propellant hydrazine ($N_{2}H_4$) as a working fluid. Coupled Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and Maxwell equations were used to account for the Ohm heating and Lorentz forces. Hydrazine chemistry and thermal radiation were also incorporated to the fluid dynamic equations by assuming infinitely-fast reactions and optically thick media. In addition to the thermo-physical understandings of the flow field inside the arcjet thruster, results shows that performance indices are improved by amount of $20\%$ in thrust and $200\%$ in specific impulse with the 0.6kW are heating.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.602-603
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• 2004

전력용 변압기에 아크나 코로나가 발생하여 국부가열이 존재하면 절연유나 절연지가 분해하여 저분자의 탄화수소, 수소, 탄화가스, 일산화탄소 둥이 발생하여 절연유에 용해된다. 절연유에 용해된 가스를 실시간 분석하여 변압기의 이상을 조기에 발견하여 운전의 효율성을 높이고 고장을 사전에 예방하기 위한 기술이 전개되고 있다. 경제적인 측면에서 단일 수소가스 검출센서가 널리 보급되어 실용화되고 있는 실증이다. 이 논문에서는 전력용 변압기의 국부적 고온인 경우의 가열온도, 가열시간 및 방전에 대하여 수소가스 주도형 센서의 응답특성에 관하여 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.907-915
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• 2008

The computational fluid dynamic analysis has been conducted for the thermo-chemical flow field in an arcjet thruster with mono-propellant Hydrazine (N2H4) as a working fluid. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are modified to analyze compressible flows with the thermal radiation and electric field. the Maxwell equation, which is loosely coupled with the fluid dynamic equations through the Ohm heating and Lorentz forces, is adopted to analyze the electric field induced by the electric arc. The chemical reactions of Hydrazine were assumed to be infinitely fast due to the high temperature field inside the arcjet thruster. The chemical and the thermal radiation models for the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture and optical thick media respectively, were incorporated with the fluid dynamic equations. The results show that performance indices of the arcjet thruster with 1kW arc heating are improved by amount of 180% in thrust and 200% in specific impulse more than frozen flow. In addition thermo-physical process inside the arcjet thruster is understood from the flow field results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.132-135
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• 2005

The computational fluid dynamic analysis has been conducted for the thermo-chemical flow field in an arcjet thruster with mono-propellant hydrazine $(N_2H_4)$ as a working fluid. Coupled Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and Maxwell equations were used to account for the Ohm heating and Lorentz forces. ionization and thermal radiation effects were also incorporated to the fluid dynamic equations by assuming infinitely-fast reactions and optically thick media. In addition to the thermo-physical understandings of the flow field inside the arcjet thruster, results shows that performance indices are improved by amount of 20% in thrust and 70% in specific impulse with the 0.6kW are heating.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.222.1-222.1
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• 2016

전북대학교 고온플라즈마응용센터에 구축된 0.4 MW 급 분절형 아크 가열 풍동은 초음속 비행과 우주 비행체의 지구 재진입 조건에서의 유사한 환경 모사가 가능하다. 극한상황에서의 고엔탈피 플라즈마 유동은 내열재료의 삭마 거동 연구와 고온재료의 성능평가에 중요한 역할을 수행 할 수 있다. 이러한 고엔탈피 초음속 플라즈마 유동장의 플라즈마 특성 평가 및 진단은 플라즈마와 내열재료의 상호작용 연구에 중요한 변수를 갖는다. 이를 위해 열유속 탐침, 쐐기 탐침, 고속 카메라 및 광분광기 등의 측정장비를 사용하여 열유속, 초음속 플라즈마의 속도, 플라즈마의 방전특성을 관찰하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 분절형 아크 토치는 마하 3의 속도 유지하기 위해 토치 내부 압력 4 bar, 반응기 압력 40 mbar를 유지하였다. 토치에 공급되는 Ar(5%)+Air(95%)의 방전기체의 유량은 15 g/s 로 토치에 주입 되었다. 또한, 플라즈마 토치에 가해지는 입력전류는 200A ~ 350A로 10MJ/kg 이상의 엔탈피를 갖는 초음속 플라즈마 유동을 형성하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.907-913
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• 2017

The performance of a spark jet driven by pulsed-arc plasma was investigated experimentally for various energy input. A high-speed jet (about 330 m/s) was obtained by rapid gas heating produced by 37 mJ of deposited energy per pulse. The peak velocity and penetration distance of the jet were proportional to the deposited power and the deposited energy per pulse, respectively. A smaller orifice diameter produces a higher velocity jet at lower energy levels. For the same deposited energy, higher-current pulses produce a higher jet velocity than higher-pulse-width pulses. A total deposited energy of about 10 mJ per pulse with a pulse duration of about $10{\mu}s$ was found to be the optimum for energy- efficient operation.

• 전기의세계
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.39-44
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• 1975

발광반도체로 사용하는 재료는 주로 화합물반도체로 최근 주입형 발광 다이오드가 미소 전력으로 동작하고 수명이 길명 신뢰성이 높다는 장점때문에 실용화가 급진전되었다. 이중 GaAs를 사용한 적외발광 다이오드는 비교적 일찍 부터 개발되어 각종 발광소자와 조합하여 이용되었고 더욱 기술의 개발로 GaP, GaAl$_{1-x}$ Asx GaAsrxPx를 사용한 적외발광 다이오드를 중심으로 표시광원이나 수자, 문자 표시 소자로서 이미 양산화 단계를 이루어 다방면에 실용화가 이룩되고 있다. 또 최근 보다 많은 정보를 표시하기 위하여 적색 이외 가시다이오드의 개발이 요망되고 Gap, SiC, NaN등의 녹색발의 실현이 주목되고 있다. 이와같이 전기 에너지가 광에너지로 변환되는 것은 첫째 물질을 고온으로 가열할 때 그 물질에서 발생하는 열복사로서 전구 SiC에서 나오는 광이 이에 속하고 둘째로 아아크 방전, 그로우 방전을 이용한 영사기의 광원을 들 수 있고 셋째 루미네선스로 음극 루미네선스와 광루미네선스 및 EL 루미네선스 등이 있다. EL. 루미네선스도 전기에너지를 광에너지로 직접변환 하므로 변환효율이 높은 것이 특징으로 여기서는 EL 루미네선스에 관해 논하기로 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2023

In this work, we report basic performance test results of a lab-scale three phase alternative current (AC) arc plasma torch system for plasma gas reforming applications. The suggested system primarily consists of three graphite electrodes inclined at 12.5° to the central axis, a 𝞥 150 mm cylindrical gas path and a three phase-60 Hz AC power supply. At air flow rate of 50 Lpm and arc currents of 100-175 A, test results revealed that plasma resistances were decreasing from 1.08 Ω to 0.53 Ω with the increase of plasma power from 9.3 kW to 13.8 kW, causing the decrease of power factor and increase of the line voltages. However, the injected air can be heated quickly up to the temperatures of >1,200℃ when injecting AC arc plasma powers of >10 kW.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2009

Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) has supplied the metal ions to users by using an installed metal ion implanter of 120 keV. At present a feasibility study is being performed for a cobalt ion implantation. For a cobalt ion extraction we studied to sustain the high temperature($648^{\circ}C$) for metal ions vaporization from a cobalt chloride powder by using an alumina crucible in the ion source. The temperature condition of the crucible was satisfied with the plasma generation at the arc current of 120V and EHC power of 250W. The extracted beam current of $Co^+$ ions was dependent on the arc current in the plasma. The maximum beam current was $100{\mu}A$ at 0.18A of the arc current. The 3 peak currents of the extracted ions such as $Co^+$, $CoCl^+$ and $Cl^+$ were obtained by adjusting a mass analyzing magnet and the $Co^+$ ion beam peak current fraction as around 70% in the sum of the peak currents. The fluence of the implanted cobalt ions at the $10{\mu}A$ of the beam current and 90 minutes of the implantation time into an aluminum sample as measured around $1.74{\times}10^{17}#/cm^2$ by a quantitative analysis method of RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry).