• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.809-815
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Sulgidduk added with almond powder (0, 6, 12, or 15%). As the amount of almond powder increased, soluble solid content ($^{\circ}Brix$) and reducing sugar content (%) decreased, whereas pH and acidity were unchanged. The L (lightness) value in the Hunter color system of Sulgidduk added with almond powder decreased, whereas a (redness) and b (yellowness) values increased. Total phenolic content of Sulgidduk increased according to the amount of almond powder. The antioxidant activities, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxy radical scavenging activities, increased in Sulgidduk with almond powder compared with that of the control. It is concluded that Sulgidduk with almond powder may be of high quality with antioxidant activity. In the sensory test, Sulgidduk added with 12% almond powder showed the highest score in terms of overall preference.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 2017

Recently, significant amounts of gem-quality colorless HPHT synthetic melee diamond have produced for the jewelry industry. Consequently, there have been reports of cases of fraud in the world diamond business. For example, intentionally selling synthetic diamond as natural diamond or intentionally mixing a natural diamond parcel with a synthetic. As a result, the separation of natural from synthetic melee diamonds has become increasingly critical. At present, 10,000 cubic hinge presses are used for the production of synthetic diamond in China. From among these, reportedly 1,000 presses are used for gem-quality diamond production. One press can produce up to 10ct melee-size diamonds in 24 hours. Randomly occurring pinpoint or flux-metal inclusions are diagnostic identification clues. However, some synthetic diamonds require advanced laboratory method for identification. In order to ensure consumer confidence, it is essential to screen melees so as to distinguish all synthetic goods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.60-60
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• 1999

단결정 다이아몬드의 열전도도는 약 22W/cm.K로 열전도도가 가장 큰 물질로 알려져 있으며, 비저항은 10$\Omega$.cm 이상의 높은 값을 갖는다. 대부분 열전도도가 큰 것으로 알려진 물질들은 Cu, Ag 등과 같이 전자의 흐름에 의하여 열이 전도되기 때문에 큰 전기전도도를 함께 갖는 것일 일반적이다, 그러나, 다이아몬드는 빠른 phonon의 이동에 의하여 열전도가 이루어지므로 전기적으로 절연 특성을 갖으면서도 큰 열전도가 가능하다. 단결정 다이아몬드는 고방열 절연체로서 이상적인 물질 특성을 보여준다. 전기절연성을 갖는 열전도층으로 다이아몬드를 이용하기 위해서는 저가로 제조가 용이한 화학기상증착법을 이용하여야 한다. 화학기상증착법으로 제조된 다결정 다이아몬드 박막의 열전도도는 약 21W/cm.K로 여전히 매우 높은 값을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있지만, 비저항 값은 인위적으로 도핑을 전혀 하지 않은 상태에서도 106$\Omega$.cm 정도의 낮은 값을 갖는다. 전혀 도핑을 하지 않았음에도 전도성을 갖는 특이한 특성을 다결정 다이아몬드가 보여 주고 있으므로 이에 대한 연구는 주로 전기 전도성을 갖는 특이한 특성을 다결정 다이아몬드가 보여주고 있으므로 이에 대한 연구는 주로 전기전도성의 원인을 규명하는데 집중되고 있다. 아직 명확한 전도 기구는 제안되고 있지 못하지만 전도성의 원인은 수소와 관련이 있고 전도는 표면을 통하여 이루어진다는 것이다. 산(acid)을 이용하여 다결정 다이아몬드 박막을 세척하면 전기 전도성이 사라지고 높은 저항값을 갖는 박막을 얻게 되는데 박막을 세척하는 공정은 박막의 표면만을 변호시키므로 표면에 있던 전기전도층이 용액 처리를 통하여 제거되므로 전도성이 사라진다고 생각하는 것이다. 그러나, 본 연구에서는 두께가 두꺼울수록 저항값이 증가하는 것이 관찰되었고 기존의 측정방식인 수평적인 저항 측정법에 대하여 수직적 방향으로 저항을 측정하면 저항값이 1/2 정도 작게 측정되었다. 다결정 다이아몬드에서 표면을 통하여 전류가 흐른다면 박막의 두께에 따른 변화가 나타나지 않아야 하고 수직적인 전류 측정법이 오히려 더 큰 저항을 보여주어야 한다. 기존의 표면 전도 모델로는 설명되지 못하는 현상들이 관찰되었고 정확한 전기 전도 경로를 확인하기 위하여 전해 도금법으로 금속들이 석출되는 모습을 관찰하였다. 이 방법을 통하여 다결정 다이아몬드에서 전류는 결정입계를 통하여 전도됨을 알 수 있었다. 온도에 따른 다결정 다이아몬드의 전기전도도 변화를 관찰하였고 이로부터 활성화 에너지 값을 구할 수 있었다. 다결정 다이아몬드의 전도도는 온도에 따라서 0.049eV와 0.979eV의 두 개의 활성화 에너지를 갖는 구간으로 나뉘어졌다. 이로부터 다결정 다이아몬드에는 활성화 에너지 값이 다른 두 종류의 defect level이 형성되는 것으로 추정할 수 있고 이 낮은 defect level에 의하여 전도성을 갖는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2008

Natural, synthetic, and treated diamonds were studied by NMR and EPR. It was demonstrated that natural and synthetic diamonds, treated and non-treated diamonds, high pressure high temperature (HPHT) treated and electron beam treated diamonds could be distinguished among each other based on the $^{13}C$ NMR spectra acquired for relatively short periods of 100 minutes. The $^{13}C$ NMR linewidths of gem quality synthetic diamonds were broader than 1.6 ppm due to the paramagentic effects of transition metals, generally used as catalysts, while the linewidths of gem quality natural diamonds were narrower than 0.5 ppm regardless of the methods of treatment. The linewidth (0.5 ppm) for a HPHT treated, gem quality natural diamond was as broad as more than twice of the linewidth (0.2 ppm) of an electron beam treated diamond. The $^{13}C$ NMR signal intensities of treated, gem quality natural diamonds were as strong as more than 10 times of the intensities of non-treated, gem quality natural diamonds. When correlated with the concentrations of the paramagnetic defects (electrons) obtained from the EPR spectra, the relative $^{13}C$ NMR signal intensities increased in proportion to the concentrations of the paramagnetic electrons contained in each sample but the electron beam treated diamond was an exception. This suggested that the lattice component, in addition to the paramagnetic defect component, should also be considered in determining the $^{13}C$ NMR signal intensity of the electron beam treated diamond.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.251-253
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• 2007

현재 다이아몬드 공구에서 극세선에 브레이징 공정을 이용하여 다이아몬드를 접합하는 기술은 국내외 적으로 전무한 상태이다. 이 연구는 금속 와이어에 다이아몬드를 브레이징을 실시하여 최적의 와이어 브레이징 공정법을 개발 하는데 있다. 다이아몬드와 금속필러메탈 접합 계면에서의 금속성분과 탄화물의 거동을 분석하며, 브레이징에 따른 와이어의 물성 변화를 관찰하였다. 금속필러로는 Ag-Cu-5Ti(wt.%)을 사용하였으며, 와이어는 스테인리스를 이용하였다. 브레이징 공정은 진공 접합 장치를 이용하여 $800{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$에서 유지시간 $5{\sim}30$분로 실시하였다. 브레이징된 다이아몬드는 $900{\sim}950$도, 유지시간 10분 사이에서 각각 건전한 계면과 표면을 얻을 수 있었으며, 계면에서 Ti-rich상과 화합물이 확인되었다. 또한 열처리 따른 와이어의 최적의 건전한 상태를 고찰 하였다. 다이아몬드와 Ag계 브레이징 필러의 계면에서의 미세조직 및 화학반응의 메커니즘은 SEM, EPMA, XRD를 이용하여 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

Results from PL and Raman spectroscopic analyses of HPHT (high-pressure high-temperature) treated type IIa diamonds are presented, and these spectral characteristics are compared with those of untreated diamonds of similar color and type. We identify a number of significant changes by 325 nm He/Cd laser excitation. Several peaks are removed completely, including H4, H3 system in HPHT treated diamond. The N3 system, however, increased in emission. Also we can find the behaviour of the nitrogen-vacancy related center N-V centers at 575 and 637.1 nm, as observed with 514 nm Ar ion laser excitation. When these centers are present, the FWHM (full width at half maximum) of 637.1 nm luminescence intensities offers a potential means of separating HPHT-treated from untreated type IIa diamonds. The width of 637.1 nm $(N-V)^-$line measured at the position oi half the peak's height are determine to range from 19.8 to $32.1cm^{-1}$ for HPHT treated diamonds.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.817-822
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• 2006

Diamonds have been widely employed as polishing media for precise machining and noble substrates for microelectronics. The recent development of the split sphere press has led to the enhancement of low quality natural diamonds. Synthesized and treated diamonds are sometimes traded deceptively as high quality natural diamonds because it is hard to distinguish among these diamonds with conventional gemological characterization method. Therefore, we need to develop a new identification method that is cheap, fast, and non-destructive. We proposed using a new method of micro-Raman spectroscopy for checking the local HPHT residual stress to distinguish these diamonds from natural ones. We observe unique ~10f compressive and tensile strains at Type I and Type II diamonds after HPHT treatment. Our result implies that our proposed methods may be appropriate fur identification of the treated diamonds with appropriate reference samples.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.159-167
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• 2022

In the past few decade years, laboratory-grown diamonds, also known as synthetic diamonds usually, have become more and more prosperous in the global diamond market. There are two main crystal growth processes of the gem-quality laboratory-grown diamond, the high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Synthetic gem diamonds grown by the HPHT press have been commercially available since the mid-1990s. Today, significant amounts of gem-quality colorless HPHT laboratory-grown diamonds have been producing for the jewelry industry. In the last several years, the CVD laboratory-grown diamonds have been gaining popularity in the market. In 2021, the CVD production rose and there are expectations that the trend would move upward continuously. This article presents information about the current status of laboratory-grown diamonds, lower cost compared to natural diamonds, market share, color distribution, spectroscopic properties of laboratory-grown diamonds, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.188-192
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• 2015

Gemological and spectroscopic properties of HPHT synthetic diamonds from New Diamond Technology (NDT) company in St. Petersburg (Russia) were examined. Their color (colorless, near-colorless with some boron and Fancy blue with high boron content) and clarity ($VVS-SI_1$) grades were comparable to those of top natural diamonds. NDT synthetic diamonds fluoresced and phosphoresced blue or orange under SWUV light. Photoluminescence spectra revealed H3 center with very small intensity and NV centers. The intensity of H3 in NDT synthetic diamond has very weak in comparison with natural one. Using a combination of gemological and spectroscopic tests, gem-quality synthetic diamonds from NDT can be distinguished from natural diamonds of similar quality.

• 베이커리
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• no.9 s.374
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• pp.92-93
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• 1999