• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

Objective: This study analyzed the morphologic changes of the fourth cervical vertebra body to determine the skeletal age of orthodontic patients during growth. Methods: Eighty-one female patients aged from 11 to 14 who had cephalograms taken on the same day were examined. The subjects were divided into three groups depending on the depth of the concavity of the lower border of the fourth cervical vertebra (Group A: less than 1.05 mm, Group B: 1.05 - 2.07 mm, Group C: greater than 2.07 mm). Menarcheal timing, SMI stage, length, width and ratio of length and width of the fourth cervical vertebra body were analyzed and the following results were obtained. Results: The average SMI stage of group A, B and C were $5.67{\pm}2.57,\;8.73{\pm}2.41,\;and\;10.00{\pm}1.47$, respectively. Length, width, ratio of length and width, and SMI stage were greater in group B than group A and in group C than group B. Mean menarcheal timing was $11.64{\pm}0.92$ years. Concavity depth, length, width, ratio of length and width showed a significant positive correlation with SMI stage, especially with the concavity depth. Conclusion: The results of this study propose a simple method for determining the timing of orthopedic treatment by measuring the concavity depth of the fourth cervical vertebra on the cephalogram.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2001

This study examined the relation between mother-child verbal interaction strategies and children's narrative competence. Forty-eight 4-year-old middle class children(25 girls and 23 boys) and their mothers were observed in their homes. All the children were asked to produce a new story. Mothers used more descriptive statements and questions, more inferential questions and more evaluative questions than children. Children gave more answers and used more negative feedback than mothers. Mother's use of high-mental demanded question and positive feedback strategies were positively correlated with children's level of narrative structure. Mothers' use of inferential and evaluative questions were positively correlated with narrative length. Children's use of high-mental demanded statements and positive feedback strategies were positively correlated with their level of narrative structure and their use of descriptive and high-mental demanded strategies were positively correlated with narrative length.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

인터넷을 통하여 스트림 형태로 제공되는 동영상 콘텐츠에 대하여 아동의 접근을 손쉽게 제어 할 수 있는 방법은 콘텐츠에 암호화를 하는 것이다. 실시간성을 고려하여야 하는 콘텐츠들은 서버로부터 단말까지 콘텐츠의 전달 및 복호화하는 과정까지의 시간이 사전에 허용되는 한계치 내에서 서비스가 이루어지도록 설계가 되어야 한다. 이러한 요구사항에 걸맞는 암호화 방식은 부분(Selective) 암호화가 있으며, 동영상에 효율적으로 부분 암호화를 적용할 수 있도록 SVC (Scalable Video Coding) 표준이 권고 되고 있다. SVC 영상을 보호하기 위해서는 영상의 어떤 부분을 암호화 할 것인지 그리고 언제 암호화를 적용 할 것 인지를 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기술은 미디어의 확장성을 유지하면서 계층별 접근 제어가 가능하며 영상의 재사용을 지원한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 귀가길 여성 및 치매노인 보호와 미아장비를 위한 정책을 제안한다. 이 정책은 GPS기능을 가진 작은 칩을 사용자가 원하는 어느 물체에든 부착하여 사용자가 원하는 시간대에 작동하며, 자신의 위치를 집이나 핸드폰에서 확인이 가능하고 유사시 정보를 보내어 가까운 공공기관(경찰서 및 소방서)에서 집으로 귀가하는 그 시간까지 체크가 가능한 시스템이다. SOS브로치는 늘어나는 아동 범죄와 귀가길 여성을 대상으로 하는 범죄 예방 및 치매노인을 대상으로 한 실종 사건 등 각종 사건 사고발생시 빠른 대처와 예방을 위하여 고안되었다.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.37
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• pp.52-57
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• 2005

한 출판인으로서, 업계 대표로서 30여년 출판 외길을 걸어온 예림당 나춘호 회장이 최근 경기도 여주군 산북면에 해여림식물원을 개원하고 이에 맞춰 '뜻이 있으면 길이 있다'란 자서전을 발간했다. 1981년 '아동도서출판협의회' 를 통해 출판계 대외활동을 시작한 이래 1996년부터 2001년까지 제42.43대 대한출판문화협회장을 연임하면서 줄곧 업계 발전, 협력을 통한 관련업계와의 공동성장을 위해 힘써온 나 회장을 해여림식물원에 찾아가서 직접 만났다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to test whether metric measurements of crown length, root length and apex width during tooth development could be a better basis for correlation with age than the classical methods based on subjective estimations of various stages of tooth development. Panoramic radiographs of 120 children, aged 7 to 9 years, were collected from the department of the pediatric dentistry of Chonnam National University Hospital, Korea. The methods of Mornstad was used to estimate age. The structures measured were crown length root length and apex width in panoramic radiographic. The results were as follows : 1. In the boys, it showed higher correlation between lower 2nd molar crown length, lower 1st molar root length or lower 1st permolar apical width and age. In the girls, it showed higher correlation between lower 2nd premolar crown length, lower 2nd molar root length or lower 1st molar apical width and age. 2. With the aid of a multiple regression model, a linear relationship between some of these distances and age was shown. Boy(months) = 43.958 + lower 2nd molar crown length ${\times}$ 4.392 + lower 1st molar root length ${\times}$ 2.255 - lower 1st permolar apical width ${\times}$ 2.046, Girl(months) = 75.213 + lower 2nd premolar crown length ${\times}$ 3.910 lower 2nd molar root length ${\times}$ 2.280 - lower 1st molar apical width ${\times}$ 6.217 Age was estimated in boys and girls using the mathematic model ; the mean difference between chronological and estimated ages was $-2.1{\pm}6.8$ months for boys and $6.1{\pm}6.2$ months for girls. Therefore, it seems to be more accurate and easier than the earlier methods.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.36-45
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aims to identify changes in the visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination functions caused by the use of a task-oriented intervention in a child with developmental delay. Methods : The participant, who was a 6-year-old girl, was not diagnosed but showed a developmental delay in overall function. The study period was February 5, 2021, to June 4, 2021, and a single-subject A-B study design was used. The baseline (A) was initially evaluated in the first three sessions to identify the child's functions. In the intervention period, 12 session (B), task-oriented intervention was applied; the child engaged in many of the activities in kindergarten, such as painting, writing, making, and cutting with scissors. Visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination were equally measured during the baseline and intervention periods. Visuomotor coordination was measured via drawing of an oval according to the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3 (K-DTVP-3), and fine motor coordination was assessed using the finger-nose touching item of the Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS). Results : The mean of the baseline of the K-DTVP-3 oval drawing was 23, and the mean of the intervention period was 39.66. The mean of the baseline of the COMPS finger-nose touching was 0, and the mean of the intervention period was 5.08. Conclusion : Task-oriented intervention seems to have a positive effect on the visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination abilities of children with developmental delay.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-199
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• 2011

The area formula for a plane figure represents the relations between the area and the lengths which determine the area of the figure. Students are supposed to understand the relations in it as well as to be able to find the area of a figure using the formula. This study investigates how 5th grade students understand the formulas for the area of triangle, rectangle and parallelogram, focusing on their understanding of functional relations in the formulas. The results show that students have insufficient understanding of the relations in the area formula, especially in the formula for the area of a triangle. Solving the problems assigned to them, students developed three types of strategies: Substituting numbers in the area formula, drawing and transforming figures, reasoning based on the relations between the variables in the formula. Substituting numbers in the formula and drawing and transforming figures were the preferred strategies of students. Only a few students tried to solve the problems by reasoning based on the relations between the variables in the formula. Only a few students were able to aware of the proportional relations between the area and the base, or the area and the height and no one was aware of the inverse relation between the base and the height.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

In the field of pediatric dentistry, comparison and analysis of cephalogram values of children are important fir evaluation of growth and development, and are essential to evaluate the craniofacial form and growth pattern for early diagnosis of malocclusion. For this, cephalographic norm values are important, but not many studies on the primary dentition exist. To compare the past norm values of normal occlusion in the primary dentition with current norms, preschool children, 4 to 5 years of age, with normal occlusion in the primary dentition who visited our hospital were examined. Among these children, 46 children with normal facial form and developmental status were chosen for evaluation of cephalogram values. The following results were as follows: 1. For skeletal values, the angular values showed no significant differences between males and females, and the linear values were generally greater in males than females. 2. SNA was $81.3^{\circ}$, SNB was $76.6^{\circ}$ and ANB difference was $4.7^{\circ}$. 3. The ratio for Mandibular body length to Anterior cranial base length was 0.9 : 1 for both male and female and the ratio for posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 61.4 % for male, 62.0 % for female. 4. For dental values, IMPA was $84.2^{\circ}$ and UA to SN was $90.8^{\circ}$. 5. The upper lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.6 mm anteriorly, and the lower lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.5 mm anteriorly.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to survey the elementary students' conceptions of electric circuits and of electric currents, and to explore the relationships between them. The questionaire were developed into matched forms which corresponds to each conceptions of electric circuits and electric currents. The elementary students were selected from 4th and 5th grade in a elementary school in a large local city, which of the total numbers of students were 163. The student who have well-developed conception in electric circuits are superior in conceptions of electric currents to other student who have not in each items of questionnaire required to draw a simple basic electric circuits for lightening the bulb, to select the basic elements of circuits, to identify the arrangement of batteries and bulbs. So we concluded that the scientific conceptions of electric circuits could contribute to the scientific conceptions of electric currents, as expected in elementary science textbooks.