• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the flavor patterns of commercial Korean distilled spirits using a mass spectrometry-based electronic nose and an electronic tongue. Thirteen types of domestic distilled spirits were used for analysis. The flavor patterns of the distilled spirits were clearly identified through discriminant function analysis of the raw materials. The obtained data of the electronic nose analysis showed that the flavor pattern of the distilled spirits aged in oak barrels was not significantly different from that of the general distilled spirits. According to the results of the electronic tongue, the distilled spirits made with rice had a stronger flavor than those made with foxtail millet. Compared to the sensitivity value of each taste sensor, the distilled spirits showed various intensities of sourness and umami. Therefore, an electronic nose and electronic tongue could be successfully used for quality evaluation and new product development of distilled spirits.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

The quality characteristics of traditional Korean Takju fermented with discolored, broken, and milled rice were evaluated. Initial pH of medium and culure temperature for the alcohol fermentation were 4.2 and 26$^{\circ}C$, respectively. After 5 days of cultivation, final pH and temperature were 4.0 and 23.5$^{\circ}C$. The alcohol contents in fermentation of discolored and broken rice was about 18.0％ and that of milled rice was 18.7％. The content of succinic acid was highest in organic acid components of products fermented three materials respectively. The major volatiles were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, n-propanol and ethyl acetate. In free amino acid composition of mashes, alanine retained more than 1000 mg％. Free sugars contained in mashes such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose were also analysed by HPLC. Results of sensory evaluation in taste, aroma, color were showed good score above 4.3.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.398-405
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• 1986

The food quality of lupin seed, i.e. soaking, cooking, sprout growing and mold growing for fermentation, was investigated by using the seed of Lupinus angustifolius harvested in Western Australia. A method to produce lupin seed protein concentrate (LPC) was developed, and the wage of LPC in Korean food system was investigated. The water soaking rate of lupin seed was faster than that of soybean, but the cooking rate of lupin seed was much slower compared to soybean. The thermal softening time, $D_{100}$, was 345 min for lupin seed and 84 min for soybean. A two-phase solvent extraction system consisting of haxane-alcohol-water could effectively remove the residual bitter taste, lipid and yellow pigments of lupin seed flour, and the resulting LPC contained over 50% protein and had bland flavor and milky white color. Treatment of LPC with carbohydrate decomposing enzymes resulted in a product of more soluble and higher concentration of protein. Methods to produce lupin seed vegetable milk and lactic beverages from LPC products were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1201-1205
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop functional breads added with Ganoderma lucidum (GL) extract which was well known for preventing various adult diseases and cancer. It was observed that bitter taste was increased with up to 8％ GL extract while dough volume was increased at the first dough fermentation period and baking loss reduction was decreased. In terms of sensory evaluation, there were not so much significant differences with 2％ added GL extract. In 4, 6, 8％ added GL extract bread, it was found that 4％ was ordinary and 6％ and 8％ were bad compared to the control bread. The bread with 2％ added GL extract was excellent, 4％ was ordinary and 6, 8％ was badly evaluated in the internal texture. It's possible to make the functional breads baking with 2％ GL extract which is similar to the control breads based on the above results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 1993

The imitation sauce was prepared by using the enzymatic hydrolysate of cod skin gelatin and its product quality was also compared with three kinds of soy sauce on the market sensually. The major molecular weight of the hydrolysate used in this study was 5, 800Da and glycine, proline, serine, alanine, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid having sweet taste accounted for 65.9% of the total amino acid being in the hydrolysate. The imitation sauce was prepared the mixture of the liquor and fermented sauce (8 : 2 = v : v), where the liquor was prepared by dissolving with 10.0g the hydrolysate, 10.0g NaCl, 3.0g sucrose, 0.5g monosodium glutamate, 0.1g caramel powder, 3.0$m\ell$ fermented vinegar, 0.05g garlic powder, 0.1g black pepper powder, and 0.2g licorice powder in 100.0$m\ell$ water, boiling for 5min and filtrating with cheesecloth. From the result of sensory evaluation, the imitation sauce was at least equal to three kinds of soy sauce in product quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2001

주류는 미생물에 의한 효소작용으로 원료 성분이 분해됨으로서 생성되는 당분, 아미노산, 유기산등의 맛 성분과 발효과정 동안 생성되는 휘발성 성분들이 조화되어 상당히 다양한 성분들이 향미에 관여하므로 향기의 주성분 규명이나 향기성분을 이용한 품질의 규격화가 매우 어려운 문제로 보여진다. 술덧의 안전한 발효와 잡균오염을 방지하여 품질이 균일한 술을 생산할 목적으로 재래누룩과는 별도로 Aspergillus kawachii등의 균을 이용한 개량곡자(koji)가 술 제조시에 많이 이용되고 있으나 이러한 방법은 탁주의 대량생산과 수율은 증가시켰으나 다양한 품질이나 맛의 향상은 기대하기 어렵다. 본 실험은 재래누룩에서 분리된 곰팡이 10종과 대조균주로 Aspergillus kawachii CF1002 그리고 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 술을 담금하여 그 제품의 headspace gas를 포집하여 GC/MS로 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하였으며 또한 관능평가를 실시하여 검토하였다. 각 균주별로 총 27∼40종의 향기성분이 확인되었으며 전체 시료에서 알콜(peak area% 52.3 9∼70.36%), 알칸류(3.49∼14.17%), 에스테르류(3.23∼7.37%), 유기산류(0∼2.85%), 알데히드류(0∼0.44%)의 순으로 함유량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. GC/MS를 통한 향기성분의 분석 결과 각각의 선발 균주로 제조된 술의 향기성분의 패턴이 서로 상이하였으며 이것은 통계분석에 의해 그 특징이 유의적으로 분석되어 Aspergillus sp. SH-607, Aspergillus sp. SH-613, Aspergillus sp. SH-667, Aspergillus sp. SH-696 그리고 Aspergillus sp. SH-412는 기호도가 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 수집된 우수균주 10종과 Aspergillus kawachii등으로 담금하여 제조한 술 시료 11종류를 대상으로 하여 쓴맛, 미묘한 맛, 떫은 맛, 신맛, 좋은 맛의 정도를 5단계로 나누어 관능검사를 실시한 다음 자료를 Duncan's multiple range test로 분석한 결과 전체적으로 좋은 맛에 대한 기호도는 Aspergillus sp. SH-607 시료와 Aspergillus sp. SH-412, Rhizopus sp. SH-606, Aspergillus sp. SH-613, Rhizopus sp. SH-654, Aspergillus sp. SH-696 Aspergillus kawachii 시료가 유의성 있게 좋은 맛을 나타내 기호도가 높았으며 맛과 기호도가 가장 좋았던 것은 Aspergillus sp. SH-607 시료로 나타났다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.585-592
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• 2012

Food is crucial for the nutrition and survival of humans. Taste system is one of the fundamental senses. Taste cells detect and respond to five basic taste modalities (sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and umami). However, the cortical processing of taste sensation is much less understood. Recently, there were many efforts to observe the brain activation in response to taste stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and optical imaging. These different techniques do not provide directly comparable data each other, but the complementary investigations with those techniques allowed the description and understanding of the sequence of events with the dynamics of the spatiotemporal pattern of activation in the brain in response to taste stimulation. The purpose of this study is the understanding of the brain activities to taste stimuli in sensory and affective aspects and the reviewing of the recent research of the gustotopic map by functional brain mapping.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 1998

The changes of the rheological properties of redbean jam were investigated during storage. The relationship between moisture content (40, 45 and 50%) and agar concentration (1, 0.1 and 0.2%) were studied for 5 days of storage. Water holding capacity was measured by placing redbean jam on Toyo Filter paper(No. 5A) and moisture movement was measured by placing redbean jam in bread. Sensory characteristics were examined in terms of color, flavour, preference, bitterness and taste. The results were as follows. Water holding capacity of redbean jam was increased as the solid content of sugar and agar concentration increased. Moisture movement was decreased as the solid content of sugar and agar concentration increased. Color, flavour, preference and taste were increased for the first day but decreased from the second day. There was significant difference(P<0.01). Bitterness did not show significant difference. 45% of moisture content, 0.1% of agar concentration and the first day showed the highest preference.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find out optimum conditions for kanjang fermented with barley bran. The correlation between taste components and sensory evaluation score was analyzed with stepwise multiple regression analysis. It was revealed that the taste of kanjang was explained with the mix of free amino acids, free sugars and organic acids. The highest multiple correlation coefficient was obtained from absolute value transformed with logarithm. Thus, stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted with absolute value transformed with logarithm, for which F-value was highest and standard error of estimation was lowest among the multiple regression models transformed with six variables. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the taste components which most contribute to the quality of taste of kanjang fermented with barley bran was salty taste component followed by palatable taste component, and bitter taste component.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.460-464
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• 2005

In order to produce functional soy hydrolysates, we investigated the characteristics of soy hydrolysates prepared with 4 kinds of commercial proteases. The yield was high in protease(B), in which 43.2% soy flour and 61.6% SPI were obtained. The solubility and the contents of total phenolic compound were greatly increased by the treatment of protease(B) along with protease(C). The calcium intolerance was improved after the protease(B) treatment in soy flour or Soybean Protein isolate (SPI). Consideration for the physicochemical characteristics including yield, protease(B) has potential application for the production of soy hydrolysates. After the protease treatment, the beany flavor of soy flour became weak and the bitter taste was strong in both soy flour and SPI. However, there was no difference of beany flavor and bitter taste among delete protease hydrolysates. Nevertheless, further modifications and improvements to the sensory characteristics would be required for the development of a range of products with the hydrolysate.