• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2014

Rubus coreanus has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia because of its various pharmacological properties. This study examined the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA), one of phenolic compounds derived from R. coreanus on the lipid metabolism in high cholesterol diet-induced mice. A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group as follows: (1) Control mice received normal diet (ND). (2) Mice received high-cholesterol diet (HCD) plus water, 10% sucrose solution and treated daily oral phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) of equal volumes through gavage. (3) Mice received HCD and treated daily with 25 mg/kg b.w./day of PCA (4) with 50 mg/kg b.w./day or (5) with 10 mg/kg b.w./day of simvastatin via oral gavage for 12 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly for a period of experiment. After treatment, liver, thymus, spleen and kidney were harvested and weighed, and the lipid metabolite profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) and liver-damaging markers (GOT and GPT) in serum were examined. PCA significantly reduced the total cholesterol, TG, LDL-c level and increased the HDL-c level. PCA administration also significantly reduced the levels of GOT and GPT. These results indicate that the PCA could be used as a functional material for lowering lipid and an adjuvant for the treatment of hyperlipemia.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2019

DMZ는 살아있는 생물다양성의 보고로 지난 60여년동안 자연적으로 재생이 일어나고 환경적인 강제 보존 영향으로 높은 생태학적인 가치가 유지되고 있으며, 최근에는 남북교류에 대한 활발한 의지로 DMZ생태자원의 남북공동활용 방안에 대한 이슈가 급부상하고 있다. 이에 본 연구진은 3년전부터 DMZ에서 자생하는 식물에 대한 조사를 진행하여 총 200여종 이상의 자생식물의 표본과 추출물들을 보유하고 있으며, 이 추출물들을 활용 in vitro 와 in vivo 평가를 통해 비임상 평가에서 유효한 효과를 나타내는 후보물질들을 다수 찾아낼 수 있었다. 그 중 조팝나무(Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora)는 쌍떡잎식물 장미과에 속하는 낙엽활엽관목으로 동북아시아 지역에 널리 분포되며 우리나라에서는 중부지방에 주로 서식한다고 알려져 있다. 예로부터 해열 및 소염, 신경통완화 치료등에 이용해왔다고 알려져 있으며 그 속에는 다양한 terpenoids, flavonoid 및 phenolic 화합물이 다량 함유되어 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 조팝나무 추출물을 이용하여 전구지방세포에서의 지방세포분화 억제 및 관련 유전자들의 활성을 확인한 후 고지방식이로 유도된 high-fat diet mouse model을 이용하여 체지방 감소 및 내장지방감소, 간 조직내의 지방량 감소등을 확인하였으며, 혈액분석을 통해 총콜레스테롤과 고중성지방등 동맥경화와 심혈관계 질환을 유도시킬수 있는 지표들에서 억제 활성도 확인하였다. 특히 내장 지방의 경우는 Micro-CT를 통해 정밀한 분석을 진행하였고, 체지방뿐만 아니라 전체 체중감소도 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 현재 실험을 통해 적출된 간 조직과 지방조직을 이용하여 항 비만 활성의 작용기전을 지속적으로 확인하고 있으며, 이 결과는 국제적인 연구저널에 보고되어 향후 체지방 감소 또는 항 비만 치료제로 개발되는 비임상 연구자료로 활용될 계획이다. 이미 조팝나무에 대한 연구결과는 특허로 출원이 완료되어 PCT출원까지 진행중에 있으며 개별인정형 건강기능식품 개발 기업에 기술이전이 될 예정이다. 또한 원활한 원료 수급을 위해 기초단체 소속 농업기술센터와 원료 재배 및 대량 수급에 관한 논의를 마친 상태로 접경지역 근처 농가소득 증대로도 이어지는 제품화 사례이기도 하다. 이는 접경지역에서 자생하는 원료의 활성을 과학적으로 검증하여 기업과의 연계를 통해 기초시군 단체의 농가 소득과도 연계한 우수한 제품개발 사례로 향후에도 이와 같은 연구성과가 지속적으로 도출되기를 기대해본다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.447-454
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effects of blood flow regulation exercise for improving patients' health care and its usefulness as a rehabilitation model for various diseases by analyzing and examining the existing literature. A literature review of Korean academic journals published over a 10-year period, from 2010 to 2019, was conducted using words such as "blood flow regulation," "blood flow restriction," "low-intensity exercise," and "Kaatsu." Kaatsu is a blood flow regulation exercise developed in 1966 by Dr. Yoshiaki Sato of Japan. It is an efficient and effective exercise method that uses blood flow regulation bands that increase the secretion of growth hormones to develop muscles within a short time, improves blood circulation and metabolism to prevent and improve adult diseases, shortens the rehabilitation period, and improves cardiovascular function. The study participants consisted of 10 patients, of whom four were elderly, four had obesity, one was a stroke patient, and one was a trauma patient. The results of this study show that the blood flow regulation exercise, which is a low-intensity exercise, has the same effect as high-intensity exercise, which supports the evidence that it is a highly efficient exercise method for muscle development and rehabilitation of the elderly, adolescents, and patients with injuries who have difficulty in general exercising. For future studies, further reviews are necessary to verify the effectiveness of the exercise method according to blood flow regulation site and type of disease.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

Adiponectin (AdipoN), brain-derived nerotrophic factor (BDNF) and leptin (LeP) are mainly secreted from adipose tissue and are known to be involved in regulation of the development of obese. However, there are not many studies on the association between abdominal fat and neuropeptides such as AdipoN, BDNF and LeP. The aim of this study was undertaken to investigate the association between abdominal fat thickness, neuropeptides and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The participants in the study were 138 male employees without CVD. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Written informed consent for the participants in this study was obtained from all individuals. We obtained subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) by using ultrasonography and neuropeptides levels were measured with ELISA kit according to the method suggested by kit manufacturer. The mean SFT and VFT were $1.58{\pm}0.51$ and $4.52{\pm}1.44$ cm. The mean concentrations of AdipoN, BDNF and LeP were $3.14{\pm}3.52$ ng/ml, $24.11{\pm}8.52$ pg/ml and $4.27{\pm}2.38$ ng/ml, respectively. VFT were positively correlated with total cholesterol (r=0.217, p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol (r=0.271, p<0.01), triglyceride (r=0.233, p<0.05) and insulin (r=0.338, p<0.01), but was inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r=-420, p<0.01). AdipoN levels were positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r=0.220, p<0.05) and were inversely correlated with total cholesterol (r=-0.196, p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol (r=-0.190, p<0.05), triglyceride (r=-0.199, p<0.05), SFT (r=-0.195, p<0.05) and VFT (r=-0.412, p<0.01). However, LeP levels showed a reverse trend to AdipoN. AdipoN level was significantly higher in non-obese participants (BMI<25 kg/m), but LeP concentration was significantly higher in obese participants (BMI>25 kg/m) than in non-obese. On multiple logistic regression analysis, obese were significantly associated with AdipoN (odds ratio=0.784) and LeP (odds ratio=1.494). These results suggested that AdipoN and LeP concentrations are affected abdominal fat and that dysfunction and/or declination in the production and secretion of neuropeptides might induced ultimately obese and CVD.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.9B
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• pp.610-618
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• 2005

As developed Internet and Computer Capability, Many Users take the many information through the network. So requirement of User that use to network was rapidly increased and become various. But it spend much time to accept user requirement on current network, so studied such as Active network for solved it. This Active node on Active network have the capability that stored and processed execution code aside from capability of forwarding packet on current network. So required execution code for executed packet arrived in active node, if execution code should not be in active node, have to take by request previous Action node and Code Server to it. But if this execution code take from previous active node and Code Server, bring to time delay by transport execution code and increased traffic of network and execution time. So, As used execution code stored in cache on active node, it need to increase execution time and decreased number of request. So, our paper suggest ANC caching technique that able to decrease number of execution code request and time of execution code by efficiently store execution code to active node. ANC caching technique may decrease the network traffic and execution time of code, to decrease request of execution code from previous active node.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.386-394
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• 2009

Purpose: We aimed to assess the myocardial velocity on gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (gated MPS), to compare myocardial velocity between patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) and CAD patients and to assess the correlation of myocardial velocity and perfusion and wall thickening on CAD group. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients without CAD (M:F=9:8, mean age $61.8{\pm}11.1$ yrs: group A) and thirty-nine patients with CAD (M:F=18:21, mean age $66.9{\pm}8.1$ yrs : group B) had undergone one-day adenosine stress gated MPS. In twenty segment model, 12 segments (except apical and basal segments) of each patient were included. We obtained systolic and diastolic gate ratio in left ventricular volume curve by eight frames per cardiac cycle on gated MPS. Using the systolic and diastolic gate ratio and R-R time of each patient, we obtained systolic and diastolic time ratio. The myocardial velocity was defined as wall thickening over systolic or diastolic time. Results: We presented normal range of myocardial velocities according segments and territories of coronary artery. The myocardial velocity of group B was significantly lower than group A (p=0.00). There was no significant difference between the myocardial velocity of group B with preserved EF and group A. The stress systolic velocity significantly correlated with regional myocardial perfusion in group B with preserved EF (p=0.00) as well as decreased EF (p=0.01). In group B, stress perfusion of segments which had decreased wall thickening and decreased myocardial velocity was significantly lower than segments which had decreased wall thickening and preserved myocardial velocity (p=0.01). Conclusion: The new functional index of velocity will be used as an useful of gated MPS.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.299-320
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• 2009

한중 맥진기 관련 학술 교류와 맥진기 수출을 위한 전략으로 중국의 광주중의약대학 중의사를 대상으로 맥진과 맥진기에 대한 인식을 조사하여 보고하는 바이다. 임상에서 가장 중요하게 생각하고 활용도가 높은 전통적인 병증으로 장부병증과 팔강병증으로 나타났으며, 한방 진단방법 중 가장 중요하게 생각하고 활용하는 방법으로 문진과 맥진으로서, 그 이유는 진단 효율성과 환자와의 상담으로 나타났다. 또한 임상에서 한방 진단기기의 중요한 이유로는 측정기술과 데이터의 신뢰를 들었으며, 중요하지 않다고 생각하는 이유로는 측정기술과 데이터의 신뢰성 부족과 전통적인 진단법을 보조하기엔 적합하지 못함을 들었다. 진단방법 중에서 맥진의 중요도와 활용도는 75%가 가장 높게 나타났고, 맥진법 중에서 가장 잘 활용하는 부위는 촌구맥진법으로 나타났다. 촌구 맥진시 가장 중요하게 생각하는 요소는 환자의 자세와 손목 높이와 촌관척 부위였으며, 단안(單按)과 총안(總按)의 순서는 총안(總按)후 단안(單按)이 단연 우수하였다. 임상의 중요 맥상으로는 부침(浮沈)을 들었으며, 맥상 형성 기전과 표준화 연구에 가장 적합한 연구 방법론은 위수형세론에 입각한 문헌 연구와 병증별 맥상에 대한 임상 데이터 구축으로 나타났다. 그리고 대표적인 노인 특유의 맥상은 미세약맥이었으며, 그 이유는 노화로 인한 체력저하와 기혈부족을 들었다. 그리고 맥진기와 연계하는 만성 생활습관병 병증지표 연구개발에 가장 적합하다고 판단되는 병증 체계는 장부병증이었으며, 질병은 고혈압과 동맥경화증으로 나타났다. 또한 임상에서의 활용도와 유의성이 높은 맥진기로써의 주된 기능으로는 오장육부 상태 진단을 들었으며, 맥진기의 임상적인 활용도를 높일 수 있는 현대적인 임상 분야는 심혈관 질환이 가장 높게 나타났다. 맥진기 개발에 선행되어야 할 기반연구로는 촌관척 부위 찾기의 기준 확립과 임상 변증과의 관계 확립으로 나타났으며, 제공 받고자 하는 맥상 정보구성은 환자의 맥상명과 맥상 정도와 환자의 맥상에 따른 병증명 제시로 나타났으며, 제공되는 병증 서비스로는 장부병증이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.369-373
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• 2012

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) maintains energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Nonetheless, its functional role on protein synthesis with different nutrient availability has not been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of AMPK activity on protein content in C2C12 myotubes incubated with low (5 mM; LG) or high (25 mM; HG) glucose media. LG stimulated (p<0.05) AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity compare to those in HG group. Total protein content was higher in myotubes cultured with HG than in those cultured with LG and further increased by AICAR (5-amino-1-${\beta}$-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide). Myotubes cultured with HG showed 7.5% lower UbFL (Ubiquitin Firefly Luciferase)-to-SV40 (Simian virus40) ratio compared to those in LG. Glucose level did not change the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Interestingly, administration of AICAR significantly increased phosphorylation level of mTOR in myotubes cultured with LG but not in those with HG. Overall, this data indicate that AMPK activity and protein turnover are finely regulated in response to different glucose concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1064-1072
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• 2013

Circadian rhythm is controlled by hormonal oscillations governing the physiology of all living organisms. In mammals, the main function of the pineal gland is to transform the circadian rhythm generated in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus into rhythmic signals of circulating melatonin characterized by a largely nocturnal increase that closely reflects the duration of night time. The pineal gland has lost direct photosensitivity, but responds to light via multi-synaptic pathways that include a subset of retinal ganglion cells. Rhythmic control is achieved through a tight coupling between environmental lighting and arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) expression, which is the rhythm-controlling enzyme in melatonin synthesis. Previous studies on the nocturnal expression of AANAT protein have described transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. Molecular mechanisms for dependent AANAT expression provide novel aspects for melatonin's circadian rhythmicity. Extensive animal research has linked pineal melatonin for the expression of seasonal rhythmicity in many mammalian species to the modulation of circadian rhythms and to sleep regulation. It has value in treating various circadian rhythm disorders, such as jet lag or shift-work sleep disorders. Melatonin, also, in a broad range of effects with a significant regulation influences many of the body's physiological functions. In addition, this hormone is known to influence reproductive, cardiovascular, and immunological regulation as well as psychiatric disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.438-444
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• 2005

Purpose: Anhedonia has been proposed to be the result of a basic neurophysiologic dysfunction and a vulnerability marker that precede and contribute to the liability of developing schizophrenia. We hypothesized that anhedonia, as a construct reflecting the decreased capacity to experience pleasure, should be associated with decreased positive hedonic affect trait. This study examined the relationship between anhedonia and positive hedonic affect trait and searched for the brain legions which correlate with anhedonia in normal subjects. Materials and Methods: Using $^{18}F$-FDG PET scan, we investigated the brain activity of twenty one subjects during resting state. Questionnaires were administrated after the scan in order to assess the self-rated individual differences in physical/social anhedonia and positive/negative affect traits. Results: Negative correlation between physical anhedonia score and positive affect trait score was significant (Pearson coefficient =-0.440, p<0.05). The subjects physical and social anhedonia scores showed positive correlation with metabolic rates in the cerebellum and negative correlation with metabolic rates in the inferior temporal gyrus and middie frontal gyrus. In addition, the positive affect trait score positively correlated with various areas, most prominent with the inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusion: These results suggest that neural substrates, such as the inferior temporal gyrus and prefrontal-cerebellar circuit, which dysfunction has been proposed to be involved with the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, may also play a significant role in the liability of affective deficits like anhedonia.