• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.698-702
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• 2017

배아줄기세포 유래 심근세포는 심근경색 등으로 심장이 제 기능을 다 하지 못할 때 치료적 목적으로 주사하여 환자의 심기능을 정상화 시키는 데에 쓰인다. 배아줄기세포 유래 심근세포는 페이스메이커 활동을 보이면서 막전압 고정상태에서도 주기적인 일과성 내향전류를 보이는 특징을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 기존에 발표된 배아줄기세포 유래 심근세포의 시뮬레이션 모델을 이용하여 어떻게 하여 페이스메이커 활동이 나타나는지 그 기전을 밝히고자 하였다. 세포내 모든 이온을 고정하였을 때 모델 세포는 여전히 페이스메이커 활동을 보였다. 근장그물내 칼슘 이온을 고정하였을 때도 모델 세포는 페이스메이커 활동을 보였다. 그러나 Na-Ca 교환 전류를 차단하였을 때는 모델 세포의 페이스메이커 활동이 사라졌는데, 여기서 L-type $Ca^{2+}$ 전류의 칼슘 의존성 비활성화 기전을 제거하자 페이스메이커 활동이 지속되었다. 또한 Na-Ca 교환전류와 L-type $Ca^{2+}$ 전류만으로는 페이스메이커 활동이 보이지 않았으나 L-type $Ca^{2+}$ 전류의 크기를 3배로 증가시키자 페이스메이커 활동이 다시 나타남을 확인하였다. 따라서, 배아줄기세포 유래 심근세포의 페이스메이커 활동은 Na-Ca 교환전류와 L-type $Ca^{2+}$ 전류의 역할이 매우 중요하며, Na-Ca 교환전류는 L-type $Ca^{2+}$ 전류가 비활성화되지 않도록 칼슘 이온의 농도를 조절하는 데에 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 결론을 내렸다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.572-576
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• 1990

A complete transection of left main bronchus was repaired by end to end anastomosis 5 months after the chest trauma in the Yeungnam University Hospital. The patient was a 36 years old male who had been injured bluntly by a heavy package on the left chest. The initial symptoms and signs were dyspnea, chest pain and subcutaneous emphysema on the left neck, but on admission at our hospital his chief complaint was only mild left chest discomfort. The preoperative chest X-ray findings 5 months after the trauma revealed total collapse of the left lung, deviation of trachea to the left, elevation of left diaphragm, abrupt discontinuation in the course of an air-filled left main bronchus and bronchoscopy showed that the left main bronchus was completely occluded, without any signs of inflammation, approximately 4 cm from the carina. The operation was performed through standard posterolateral thoracotomy incision at the fifth intercostal space. There was not any suppuration within the transected lung but plenty of white mucus which was removed by forceful suction. The transected bronchial edges were debrided and anastomosed primarily by end to end with interrupted nonabsorbable sutures. The suture line was reinforced with a pleural flap. The postoperative course was uneventful and pulmonary function following operation improved progressively and proved the delayed repair to have a reasonable decision.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.322-325
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• 1999

Congenital esophago-respiratory fistulae in adults have rarely been reported. Moreover, most of those are the cases of bronchoesophageal fistulae, that is to say esophago-lower respiratory fistulae. We experienced case of a congenital tracheoesophageal fistula in an adult, not a bronchoesophageal fistula. At our hospital, a 20-year-old male with recurrent episodes of a paroxysmal(especially postprandial) cough, respiratory infection and relative growth retardation had been diagnosed by using esophagography and esphagoscopy as having a congenital tracheoesophageal fistula with a concomittant esophageal diverticulum. The surgical correction was done successfully. We are excited to report a case of a congenital tracheoesophageal fistula in an adult, which is believed to be the first case of its kind in Korea.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.463-470
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• 2007

There have been many studies on patients who suffer from anxiety disorders. However, there is been not enough attention on the difference in the level of between the two populations with and without anxiety disorders. This study was performed to investigate the difference in the ANS responses induced by fear in children. Experimental procedures were as follow: All subjects were in upper grade levels in elementary school. ANX(anxiety) scales of PIC(Personality Inventory for Children) were used to measure fear anxiety. Audio-visual clips were used as stimulus to provoke fear emotion. Baseline of physiological signals, ECG, PPG, EDA, and SKT, were measured for 30 seconds before the fear stimulus. Physiological signals were then recorded for 2 minutes while fear is evoked. Psychological and physiological responses were analyzed. All the children reacted to the fear stimulus with high intensity of fear. Physiological responses showed that SKT, SCR, NSCR, HR, RSA, RESP, HF were increased, while R-R was significantly decreased, respectively, during the period of fear induction. Analysis of the level of anxiety and the physiological responses produced by the experience of fear revealed a statistically significant positive correlation in SKT, HR, and RSA. In other words, the higher the level of anxiety, the higher the levels of SKT, HR, and RSA when children experienced fear in conclusion, it is confirmed through this research that physiological responses to fear is associated with the level of anxiety each individual.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2005

Six dogs including 4 dogs living in different geographic locations of Kangwon province and 2 client-owned dogs were used to determine the periodicity of microfilariae of D. immitis using a trigonometric model. The calculated periodicity index was ranged from 25.6 to $95.5\%$ with mean of $57.6\%$, and the estimated hour of peak was approximately 21:00 hrs (range, 20:04-21:29 hrs) and minimum counts at 09:00 hrs (range, 08:04 - 09:29 hrs). Correlation coefficient between the observed and the expected count from the model varies depending on dogs, ranging from 6.4 to $49.2\%$. Based on this study, the periodicity of microfilariae of D. immitis was considered as nocturnally sub-periodic for all dogs employed. This result is in consistent with previous report in peak hour but different in minimal hour, indicating that further studies on the periodicity need to be performed to better understanding the dynamics of the periodicity and to help practitioners in the choice of the time for examination of the dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.820-829
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• 2020

Because ships have limited support from land, it is necessary to equip them with automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) in preparation for the incidences of cardiac arrest patients and to properly place and manage AEDs. The seafarer must have the ability to use the AEDs. This is a study to identify the placement and management of AEDs in order to increase the utilization of AEDs in ships, analyze the ability of seafarers to use AEDs and their intention to use it, and suggest improvement plans. The study was conducted from September 9, 2019, to February 20, 2020, and a total of 244 ships and 244 seafarers were surveyed. The data were analyzed by the frequency, percentage, and chi-square test using SPSS WIN 23.0 program. As a result, most of the ships with one AED number were identified, and some ships with insufficient AED placement and management were also identified. A total of 142 seafarers (58.2 %) had experience in participating in AED education; 136 seafarers (55.7 %) had intention to use AEDs; and the most barrier factor was "I don't know how to use" (63.0 %). The intention to use AEDs was high among seafarers in the position of the captain, navigator, and deck department personnel, and when they had an experience in AED training and the training period was less than six months, they were active in using AEDs. In addition, efforts to raise an awareness and education of AEDs are required for occupational groups other than navigators who are not willing to use AEDs in ships, and it is necessary to review appropriate retraining cycles through an evaluation of the seafarer's ability to use AEDs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.328-334
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• 2012

Continuous fetal heart beat monitoring has assisted clinicians in assuring fetal well-being during antepartum and intrapartum. Fetal heart rate (FHR) is an important parameter of fetal health during pregnancy. The Doppler ultrasound is one of very useful methods that can non-invasively measure FHR. Although it has been commonly used in clinic, inaccurate heart rate reading has not been completely resolved.. The objective of this study is to improve detection algorithm of FHR from Doppler ultrasound signal with simple method. We modified autocorrelation function to enhance signal periodicity and adopted adaptive window size and shifted for data segment to be analysed. The proposed method was applied to real measured data, and it was verified that beat-to-beat FHR estimation result was comparable with the reference fetal ECG data. This simple and effective method is expected to be implemented in the embedded system.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2002

The Fourier transform arteriography (FTA) exploits the periodic variation of arterial flow velociety of arterial flow velocity in stnchronized with cardiac cycles. This technique is intrinsically unique compared to other modern techniques. This technique separates the arteries from the veins using the pulsatile arterial flow without using the presaturation RF pulses. Therefore, it has less RF deposition and is free from the dark band artifacts that can arise from retrograde flow and curved arteries. Furthermore, it is free from the artifacts induced by eddy currents. However, there are some drawbacks such as a single projection view and the saturation of arteries at the end of an imaging slab. These drawbacks are circumvented by applying recently developed techniques. The fast gradient switching capability of modern MRI systems enabled us to incorporate dual projection views into the conventional FTA sequence without increasing the repetition time. In addition, signals from the distal arteries were enhanced by use of a ramped RF pulse and therefore the distal arteries were less saturated. By use of the FTA sequence with dual projection views and the ramped RF pulse, we acquired the sagittal and coronal projection views of femoral arteriograms simultaneously with more enhanced signals of distal arteries than the conventional FTA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.952-960
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• 2003

It has been reported that p53 regulates the G2-M checkpoint transition through cyclin Bl, and it has been suggested that p53 plays an important role in the development and progression of various malignancies. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of the cell cycle regulators, cyclin B1 and p53 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Material and Method: Tissue samples from 46 patients with ESCC were included in this study. Expression levels of cyclin Bl and p53 in samples of normal squamous epithelium, dysplasia, and tumor cells from patients with ESCC were analyzed by immunohistochemical study Result: Several cells in the basement layer of normal epithelium expressed cyclin B1. The number of cyclin B1 positive cells tended to increase as the degree of dysplasia increased from low grade to high grade. More than 10% of tumor cells were cyclin B1 positive in 19 patients (41.3%). Several clinicopathologic parameters, including tumor stage (p<0.05), pathologic Iymph node status (p<0.05) and invasion of Iymphatic vessels (p<0.05), were correlated with the overexpression of cyclin B1. Elevated expression levels of cyclin B1 also correlated with a poor prognosis in patient with ESCC in univariate analysis (p<0.05) and multivariate analysis (p<0.05), In contrast, p53 expression exhibited significant correlation with the level of cyclin B1 expression, but was not associated with prognostic parameters in patients with ESCC. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cyclin B1 is involved in the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the esophagus and that elevated levels of cyclin B1 expression, but not p53 expression, may indicate a poor prognosis for patients with ESCC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 1996

Endogenous analgesic systems are known to be activated by peripheral noxious stimulation as well as arterial carbon dioxide elevation. In the present study, neuronal Activities in the rostral ventrolateral med- ulla were identified and classified in according to their rhythmic activities, and their responses to noxious peripheral nerve stimulations before and after elevating the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure were investigated Using extracellular recording technic, a total of 53 spontaneously active neurons were recorded from the rostral ventrolateral medulla in u-chloralose anesthetized cats. These were classified as cardiovascular (28), respiratory (16), both cardiovascular and respiratory (2) and noncardiovascular - nonrespiratory (7). - Among the 28 cardiovascular neurons eleven showed increased activities during arterial hypercapnia, thirteen showed decreased responses, and four showed no change. Nine respiratory neurons showed increased responses to arterial hypercapnia, six showed decreased responses and one showed no change. neither of the cardiovascular and respiratory neurons showed significant change in its activity during ar- terial hypercapnia, however, four of the noncardiovascular - nonrespiratory neurons exhibited decreased their activities in response to arterial hypercapnia while two exhibited increased activities. Arterial hypercapnia increased the responses of cardiovascular neurons to peripheral nerve stimulation with C-inteniity, while not changing the responses to Ak_stimulation significantly . From the above results it was conclllded that during arterial hypercapnia, some cardiovascular neurons and respiratory neurons have increased activities as well as increased reponses to C-Hber stimulation.