• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors contributing to internet addiction in 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families. Methods: Participants for this study were 201 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families living in Taegu. Data were collected from March, 2 to May, 29, 2013 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 20.0 programme. Results: Among the students, 78.6% were regular users, 14.4% were potential users, and 7.0% were high-risk users. The factors influencing internet addiction, in order of importance, were; conversation with family, followed by depression. Conclusion: These results suggest that efforts should make to monitor use of internet by elementary school children from low income families, and preventive strategies should be developed taking into consideration factors that influence internet addiction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3333-3343
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to substance use focusing on the sexual experiences and risky sexual behaviors among Korean adolescents. This study conducted with a secondary data analysis using the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2011 in South Korea. The study participants selected 75,643 Korean adolescents who were recruited anonymously through national web-based survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, rao-Scott ${\chi}^2$, and logistic regressions considering complex samples. Results indicated that substance use was significantly associated with sexual experiences such as sexual intercourse with the opposite sex (adjusted OR=5.691; 95% CI=4.223-7.670), sexual intercourse with the same sex (adjusted OR=21.180; 95% CI=14.704-30.507) and risky sexual behaviors such as sexual assaults (adjusted OR=9.936; 95% CI=7.217-13.680), date rape (adjusted OR=16.979; 95% CI=11.648-24.751), sexual intercourse after drinking (adjusted OR=6.564; 95% CI=3.986-10.810), unexpected pregnancies (adjusted OR=18.628; 95% CI=8.476-40.936), and sexually transmitted diseases (adjusted OR=21.872; 95% CI=13.920-34.367) in Korean adolescents. Findings of this study show that adolescents who use substances are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Therefore, intervention program should be designed to consider both substance use and sexual problems and to include the effective approaches at the family and school level.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.314-325
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pet dog-assisted activities on self-esteem, depression and cognitive function of elderly people Method: The experimental group(pet dog-assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with a home for the aged and the control group(non-pet dog assisted group) consisted of 22 people over 65 years old out of about 90 elderly people registered with another home for the aged in Daegu. Both groups had similar general characteristics, state of health, conduct on health and self-esteem, depression and cognitive abilities. Nineteen people who participated in the program at least 10 times out of 12, were chosen for the final analysis from the experimental group. For the control group, 20 people who responded to all three tests, which had been conducted before, 1 week after, and four week after the experiment, were analyzed. Result: Mean(${\pm}SD$) differences between before and 1 week after the experiment for self-esteem, depression, and cognitive function were 5.84(${\pm}3.06$), -3.26(${\pm}1.76$), 1.47(${\pm}1.26$), respectively. Those between before the experiment and 4 weeks after the experiment was 5.68(${\pm}3.64$), -3.94(${\pm}2.32$), 1.63(${\pm}0.96$), respectively. Those for control group between before and after the experiment were -0.40(${\pm}1.27$), 0.00(${\pm}0.92$), 0.15(${\pm}0.93$), respectively. Those for control group between before and 4 weeks after the experiment were -0.45(${\pm}2.24$), 0.25(${\pm}1.68$), 0.15(${\pm}0.93$), respectively. All the differences between experiment and control group in mean differences between before and 1 week after experiment, between before and 4 weeks after experiment were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the pet-assisted activities can be useful solution for elderly people who have psychological and emotional problems caused by retrogression of physical, mental and social ability.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2008

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the subjective structures and types of school age children's perception of death through an investigative study on their perception of death in order to provide a basic material for them to understand death, and develop and carry out an effective death education program. Methods: The study method used the Q Methodology which can investigate the subjective structures and types of school age children's perception of death. For Q-population, 20 school age children were used as subjects for neutral interviews and open surveys, and through documentary research, a total of 132 statements were collected, For Q-samples, 23 statements (Q-samples) were derived through a non-structural method. P-samples were 31 school age children (8-13 year olds), Q-sorting was carried out using Q-cards, and the collected data was analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Results: As a result of the study, children's perception of death was divided into five types. The first type was functional type, characterized by prominent subjective perception regarding the elements of death, such as non-reversibility, universality, non-functionality, and causality. The second was after-life type, characterized by a strong, focus on life after death in one's perception of death, and it included children with Christian background and those who had experienced death in their immediate family. The third was religious type, characterized by a strong belief in being able to still watch over one's family and friends after one's death, resulting in a positive faith in the after-life. The fourth was fearful type, characterized by a deeper fear of death in comparison to other types. The fifth was realistic type, characterized by a strong and positive assent to the perception of good death. Conclusion: The significance of the results of this paper's study to Nursing is as follows. In terms of understanding the subjectivity of school age children's perception of death in nursing practice, and understanding the compositional elements of death presented with strong emphasis in existing literature and studies, the results will expand these understandings and allow us to understand the level of perception in school age children regarding the definition of death, after-life, and good death, be utilized as useful material in developing an effective death education program for them according to their type characteristics, and become the fertilizer for enabling the children to live a proper life and preventing the tendency to make light of death that occur in adolescence and the spread of suicides. In terms of nursing theory, the description and examination of the subjective structures and the characteristics of the different, types of school age children's perception of death can be utilized as useful material for building a model of school age children's perception of death, and be further used for teaching respect for life. In terms of nursing research, the results can contribute to research describing the effects of nursing intervention strategies and developing tools for providing psychosocial nursing in terms of giving school age children a positive perception of death according to their types as well respect for life.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the nursing needs and satisfaction of patients who are hospitalized at hospice palliative care institutions. Methods: This study included 80 hospice patients who were in-patients of the hospice department of two general hospitals in S city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients using the IBM SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The mean score of nursing needs and satisfaction were 3.58 (${\pm}0.31$) and 3.25 (${\pm}0.20$) respectively. Significant differences in hospice nursing needs and satisfaction were observed in terms of general characteristics including gender, education level, occupation, religion, support for medical expense and functional status. Significant positive correlation was found between the overall nursing needs and nursing satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to improve the quality of hospice service, further study is necessary in a comprehensive manner to develop nursing intervention to meet physical, psychological/social, spiritual, and educational/referral nursing needs of hospice in-patients.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.657-689
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a substantive theory on 'eating alone'(honbob)and the process of maintaining the lifestyle of eating alone for the need of a non-judgmental understanding on the new 'honbob' lifestyle. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 male and female workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, who voluntarily eat alone over 70% of their meals per week with the minimum duration of 5 years. Data analysis was performed using grounded theory proposed by Strauss & Corbin (1998) in the qualitative research method. As a result, a paradigm model on the process of maintaining 'honbob' was derived. Based on categorical analysis, the causal condition was 'not trying to tune' and the central phenomenon was 'following the desire to set efficiency as the top priority. Contextual conditions were 'the atmosphere of fierce competition', 'weakening of organizational culture', 'diffusion of individualistic culture'. The intervening conditions were 'personal trait and emotional experience', 'job characteristics of less organization culture'. The action/interaction strategies were 'accepting internal conflicts', 'acting in autonomy', 'finding relationship through media', and 'distancing from superficial relationship'. The consequences were 'enjoying time for self-exploration', 'valuing self-care', 'becoming a epicurean conventionalist', and 'becoming aware of the need for balance'. The core category has been shown as 'self-oriented in accordance to priority of efficiency and being able to appreciate the importance of social group'. The Such phenomenon passes through four different stages - first, the stage of weighing time efficiency while beginning hon-bob; second, the stage of conflict when one feels nervous and not free from others' view; third, the stage of adjustment to justify his/her 'hon-bob'; and the final stage of balance to perceive the importance of social group while going on 'honbob'. The study had the aim of increasing the understanding and acceptance of the new 'honbob' lifestyle through an in-depth exploration of office worker's 'honbob' experience and the process of maintaining 'honbob' so the society can better accept it and, further, to embrace co-existence of various cultures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.479-488
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting low body weight of solitary elderly people by grasping the illness and health behavior of elderly living alone. Using the raw data of the community health survey from 2014, the data of 922 elderly living alone who are 65 years or older were used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by technical analysis statistics, The Rao Scott $x^2$ test, and logistic regression analysis using the composite analysis module of the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. The results of this study showed that elderly living alone had a high percentage of chronic diseases as well as poor health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, lack of exercise, poor eating habits, difficulties in dentistry due to dentures, and poor subjective health status. Result of logistic regression analysis the risk probability of low-weight due to gender of the elderly living alone is as follows. Risk of low body weight because of smoking was 3.004 times among occasional smokers in women and the elderly, while risk of low body weight due to walking amount is less than 3 days the possibility that the person walking is low is 1.420 times significantly higher. When feeling subjective stress, the possibility of low body weight was 2.220 times greater for male elderly and 1.282 times for female elderly. The probability of low body weight for a person with a poor subjective health level was 3.633 times for male elderly and 1.590 times for female elderly. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to establish appropriate nursing intervention and management strategies to improve health behavior of low body weight elderly living alone. It is also necessary to conduct additional studies considering various variables such as physical, psychological, and social characteristics of low-weight elderly individuals.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

Huge growth in developmental level, new accomplishment, and The period of adolescents is not only the transition stage but also improvement of academic level. In this level of stage, adolescents have difficulties in development, so they show psychological abnormality such as stress and depression. They could develop mental disorder such as depression or anxiety if they do not overcome the abnormality. According to the situation of the insufficiency of the decent program for adolescents' mental health in the current society, we are strongly requested to develop the psycho-therapeutic program for them. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of the musical activities as blues music structure on the improvement of the Self-Efficacy in the female middle school students who have depressive tendencies as well as what they experienced through the activities. The 3 participants were selected out of 70 students in the first year at the "D" middle school in Seoul by being tested with Child Depression Inventory(CDI) and Self-Efficacy Scale(SES). The musical activities were built with 3 steps. Of which, the first one was the introduction to each other, the formation of rapport, and induction of their interests to the musical activities through blues. The second one was letting participants learn the blues music structure by practice and play assigned music(including improvisation) during later 5 sessions with different difficulties at each session. The third one was giving them opportunities to play a music out of the acquired ones during the session or creative music by their own, which results in maximizing musical activities and an acquired experience. As a result, first of all, the scores of CDI test of 3 participants in 10 time sessions showed slight changes, suggesting the negative correlation between CDI and SES even though changes were not big differences. Secondly, the scores of SES test of 3 subjects in 10 time sessions were all changed and especially preference for tasking was significant. Thirdly, the scores of SES for musical playing test of 3 participants in 10 time sessions were all changed and especially preference for musical tasking was significant shown. Finally, according to answers of 3 participants in 10 time sessions for the after questionnaire on musical activities, participants experienced affirmative self-confidence and positive emotion. Taken together, it was suggested that musical activities using blues music structure could be promising therapeutic intervention method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.187-196
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of ego-resilience and emotional labor on work-family conflicts among middle-aged female workers. Data were collected through self-reported structured questionnaires of 148 middle-aged female workers from October 2, 2013 to April 10, 2014. The results suggest that the mean score of work-family conflict was 25.59 (SD=11.99) and there were significant differences in living arrangements (F=4.32, p=.015), monthly living expenses (r=.18, p=.028), and job satisfaction (F=6.33, p<.001) by work-family conflict. Work-family conflict was negatively related to ego-resilience (r=-.28 p=.001). Living arrangement (living with parents, children) (${\beta}=.29$, p=.045), monthly living expenses (${\beta}=.22$, p=.006), job satisfaction (${\beta}=-.20$, p=.015), and ego-resilience (${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of work-family conflict. This model explained about 19.0% of work-family conflict in middle-aged female workers (F=6.61 p<.001). Therefore, as a strategy to reduce the level of work-family conflict in middle-aged female workers, it is necessary to consider socioeconomic factors such as living arrangements and living expenses that affect work-family conflicts. Moreover, applying psychological intervention to improve job satisfaction and ego-resilience of middle-aged women in the working environment will help reduce work-family conflicts.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to determine Korea-type family function factors that affect individual growth and social activities, and examine check the appropriate contents and domestic culture components based on the McMaster model, a family function evaluation tool, through the Delphi technique. Methods : The Delphi technique was applied to 12 expert panels in fields related to family function. The period lasted 9 weeks, from May to June 2020. The Delphi survey was conducted twice. In the first survey, the domestic culture and appropriate contents of the McMaster model were selected and localized, and expert' opinions about the components were collected using closed and open-ended questions. In the second survey, the fitness and importance of the components were investigated. Results : As a result of the first Delphi investigation, 18 items were deleted from the 53 items presented. After adding 11 items and excluding any overlapping items, a total of 40 items were selected. Subsequently, sentences that were difficult to understand were revised to familiar vocabulary. A second survey was constructed, with an example sentence. In the second Delphi investigation, 33 items were selected. The average content validity ratio for the final selected component was 0.76, and the stability was 0.28. Conclusion : Family function and the factors influencing domestic family function identified though this study can be used to conduct family function evaluations and interventions in clinical sites or relevant research studies.