• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.251-272
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• 2012

Recently Professor Lee has suggested the analysis of the indicative conditional based on Sellars-Brandom's inferentialism. In this paper, I raise three questions. First, Professor Lee seems to misunderstand Sellars-Brandom in that he considers only the analytically valid arguments as materially valid inferences. Second, Professor Lee seems to misunderstand Sellars-Brandom in that whereas Sellars-Brandom talks about the common features of all kinds of conditionals including counterfactual conditionals, Professor Lee takes it as the analysis of the indicative conditional only. Third, either Professor Lee's analysis is incompatible with Sellars-Brandom inferentialism or his analysis is too general.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.347-375
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• 2012

In my article published in 2008, I offered an inferentialist account of indicative conditionals. In her recent paper, Professor Seawha Kim raises three objections. First, I misunderstand Sellars-Brandom in that I take only concept-constitutive inferences as materially valid inferences. Second, Sellars and Brandom talk about the common features of all kinds of conditionals including counterfactual conditionals, but I construe their view as the analysis of the indicative conditionals only. Third, either my analysis is incompatible with Sellars-Brandom inferentialism or my analysis is too general. In this paper I argue that Seawha Kim's objections are all based on insufficient understandings of Sellars's and Brandom's views. First, it is Sellars's view that materially valid inferences are restricted within concept-constitutive inferences. Second, neither Sellars nor Brandom proposes a specific theory about the indicative conditional. Instead, they argue for the expressive role of the conditional. What I accept from their views is this expressive role of the conditional. The detailed proposals about the indicative conditional in my aforementioned article are my own. Third, the differences among conditionals have no direct bearing on Sellars-Brandom inferentialism. In addition, the meaning and role of the conditional expression 'if-then' do not require more than what I have argued for it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.135-139
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• 2002

전문가 시스템은 여려 분야에서 활용되고 있으나 여러 가지 문제점을 발생시키고 있다. 그 문제점 중 하나로 전문가로부터 지식을 추출해 내는 과정에서 발생하는 어려움들이 있다. 즉, 전문가로부터의 지식들을 추출하여 그것들을 지식 베이스화하는 작업과 그 지식을 추론할 수 있도록 추론 망으로 구성하는 것이다. 비록 이런 문제점들을 해결한다고 하여도 규칙화 된 추론망을 구성하는 데는 시간적 요소와 전문적인 지식을 가진 인적 자원이 많이 소모되므로 전문가 시스템을 구성하는 것은 실질적으로 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 전문가는 단순히 자신이 가진 단편적인 지식들의 특징들을 입력하고, 이 특징들로부터 지식을 추출하여 지식 베이스화하고, 이를 이용한 추론망 구성을 자동 추론망 생성 시스템이 대신하는 기법을 제시한다. 실제 구성된 추론망은 규칙 기반의 추론 망으로 구성하여 지식 베이스화 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

주어진 실시간 환경의 복잡성 때문에. 항상 최적의 행동을 수행하는 완벽하게 이성적인 에이전트 (rational agent) 의 구현은 실질적으로 가능하지 않다. 이러한 실시간 문제 해결기법에서의 전통적인 접근 방식은 미리 정의된 규약에 의존한 조건-행동 추론 방식이다. 이러한 조건-행동추론 방식은 문제 영역이 다양하거나 문제의 재설계가 필요한 경우에는 아무런 해법을 갖지 못한다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 주어진 행동들의 유틸리티를 실시간에 계산하고, 긴급한 정도를 측정하여 상황이 긴급할 경우에는 더 이상의 계산을 중단하고 즉각적인 행동을 취하며. 반면에 상황이 긴급하지 않을 경우에는 최선의 의사결정을 위하여 추가적인 정보를 고려하여 더 바람직한 행동을 결정하는 방법론을 제안한다. 제안한 방법론의 평가를 위하여 시간 제약적인 환경에서 최선의 의사결정을 수행하는 실질적이며 유연한 에이전트를 구현 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2015.01a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2015

과거 유비쿼터스 기술의 출현 이후로 사물에 간단한 인식 센서를 이용한 형태의 서비스가 널리 보급되었고, 스마트 기기의 발달로 인해 PC가 아닌 환경에서도 인터넷을 사용하기 용이한 환경이 정착되어, 이들을 이용한 사물 인터넷 (Internet of Things) 환경이 빠르게 확산중이다. 본 논문에서는 상황 인식 서비스와 추론 서비스를 사물 인터넷 환경에 적용 시킨 스마트 홈 상황인식 추론 프레임 워크의 설계 및 구현을 서술한다. 해당 프레임 워크는 실질적인 상황 정보를 제공하는 이기종의 사물 인터넷 기기 간 데이터 타입을 수용하기 위해 온톨로지 언어인 OWL 규격을 사용하여 상황 정보를 수용하고, 룰 입력 모듈을 통해 다양한 환경을 모델링 할 수 있는 XML 규격의 서비스 룰을 입력받는다. 이후, 상황 정보와 서비스 룰을 기반으로 추론엔진을 통해 상황을 추론하여, 단순히 조건 만족 시 실행 구조가 아닌 상황 기반의 추론에 의한 서비스를 제공하게 된다. 프레임 워크를 활용 방안을 설명하기 위해 예제 방범 시나리오를 통해 해당 프레임 워크의 특징 및 서비스의 흐름을 서술한다.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to measure the differences in affective characteristics and mathematical reasoning ability between gifted students and non-gifted students. This study compares and analyzes on the relations between the affective characteristics and mathematical reasoning ability. The study subjects are comprised of 97 gifted fifth grade students and 144 non-gifted fifth grade students. The criterion is based on the questionnaire of the affective characteristics and mathematical reasoning ability. To analyze the data, t-test and multiple regression analysis were adopted. The conclusions of the study are synthetically summarized as follows. First, the mathematically gifted students show a positive response to subelement of the affective characteristics, self-conception, attitude, interest, study habits. As a result of analysis of correlation between the affective characteristic and mathematical reasoning ability, the study found a positive correlation between self-conception, attitude, interest, study habits but a negative correlation with mathematical anxieties. Therefore the more an affective characteristics are positive, the higher the mathematical reasoning ability are built. These results show the mathematically gifted students should be educated to be positive and self-confident. Second, the mathematically gifted students was influenced with mathematical anxieties to mathematical reasoning ability. Therefore we seek for solution to reduce mathematical anxieties to improve to the mathematical reasoning ability. Third, the non-gifted students that are influenced of interest of the affective characteristics will improve mathematical reasoning ability, if we make the methods to be interested math curriculum.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.57-69
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• 2001

Expert system is one of AI area. It simulates the human's way of thinking to give solutions of problem in many applications. Most expert system consists of many components such as inference engine, knowledge base, and so on. Especially the performance of expert system depend on the control of efficiency of inference engine. Inference engine has to get features; first, if possible to minimize restrictions when it constructed the knowledge base. second, it has to serve various kinds of inferencing methods. In this paper we propose knowledge scheme for representing domain knowledge in ease, knowledge implementation technique for inferencing, and integrated knowledge-base engine with blackboard and inference engine. And we describe a expert system prototype that implemented in this paper using proposed methods, it perform diagnose about heavy industrial device. The fault diagnosis system prototype has been studied in this paper will be practical foundation in the research area of knowledge based system.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.581-598
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• 2011

Given the growing agreement that algebra should be taught in the early stage of the curriculum, considerable studies have been conducted with regard to early algebra in the elementary school. However, there has been lack of research on how to organize mathematic lessons to develop of algebraic reasoning ability of the elementary school students. This research attempted to gain specific and practical information on effective algebraic teaching and learning in the elementary school. An exploratory qualitative case study was conducted to the fourth graders. This paper focused on the associative law of the multiplication. This paper showed what kinds of activities a teacher may organize following three steps: (a) focus on the properties of numbers and operations in specific situations, (b) discovery of the properties of numbers and operations with many examples, and (c) generalization of the properties of numbers and operations in arbitrary situations. Given the steps, this paper included an analysis on how the students developed their algebraic reasoning. This study provides implications on the important factors that lead to the development of algebraic reasoning ability for elementary students.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2004

Autonomous agents need considerable computational resources to perform rational decision-making. The complexity of decision-making becomes prohibitive when large number of agents are present and when decisions have to be made under time pressure. One of approaches in time-critical domains is to respond to an observed condition with a predefined action. Although such a system may be able to react very quickly to environmental conditions, predefined plans are of less value if a situation changes and re-planning is needed. In this paper we investigate strategies intended to tame the computational burden by using off-line computation in conjunction with on-line reasoning. We use performance profiles computed off-line and the notion of urgency (i.e., the value of time) computed on-line to choose the amount of information to be included during on-line deliberation. This method can adjust to various levels of real-time demands, but incurs some overhead associated with iterative deepening. We test our framework with experiments in a simulated anti-air defense domain. The experiments show that the off-line performance profiles and the on-line computation of urgency are effective in time-critical situations.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.4 s.34
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• pp.95-105
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical and efficient school consumer education program for adolescents so they could apply the program in their real life situations and lead a sound and rational consuming life. 'I, Family. Society and Consuming Life' is a program targeted for adolescents and focuses on the resolution of practical problems related to consuming life that an individual faces in everyday lives while living as a member of a family and a society. The content of this program consists of 'I and consuming life', 'I and the consuming life of a family', and 'I and the consuming life of a society'. Through this program, adolescents will be able to improve the ability to solve practical problems they face in their consumer lives. and build the sound values on consumption so they could playa role of sensible consumers in the future.