• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2006

원활한 의사소통을 위해서는 문장들을 연결하여 흐름을 조직하고 말로 산출하고 전체적인 의미를 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 이야기는 이러한 문장들이 연결되어있는 것으로, 종속적이거나 나열적인 이야기 특성은 의사소통장애인의 이야기 이해와 산출의 수행에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이야기 특성에 따른 유창성 실어증환자의 이야기 이해 및 산출의 능력을 알아보고, 이해과제 수행이 산출과제에 미치는 영향을 분석해보았다. 이야기 종류로는 시간적 나열 이야기와 인과적 관계 이야기, 유머가 있는 이야기를 사용하였으며, 사실적 정보, 텍스트 추론, 빠진 정보추론 등 세 가지의 이해과제를 통하여 이해 능력을 측정하였다. 산출능력은 이해과제 전과 후에 CIU 비율로 질적인 측면을 측정하고, 분당어절 수를 이용하여 양적인 측면을 분석하였다. 그 결과 이해측면은 세 가지 이야기 모두 사실적 정보에 대한 이해 능력이 상대적으로 좋았으며, 오류의 형태는 추론오류가 가장 많이 나타났다. 산출에서는 인과적 관계이야기에서의 CIU 비율이 가장 높았고, 이해과제 전, 후의 차이를 비교한 결과, CIU 비율은 변화하지 않았으나, 분당 어절수에서는 증가하고 있음을 보여주었다. 이야기의 종류에 따라서 유창성 실어증화자의 산출과제의 수행수준은 다르게 나타났다. 그리고 이해과제의 수행이 산출과제에서 양적인 증가는 가져왔으나 질적인 수준에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.303-308
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• 2000

용언은 그 어간이 여러 문법소와 결합하면서 자동적 음운 변동을 제외한 형태 변동이 있는가, 없는가에 의해 규칙 용언/불규칙 용언으로 구분할 수 있다. 이러한 불규칙 용언은 심성 어휘집에 어떤 형태로 저장되어 있으며, 규칙 용언과는 어떠한 관계가 있는지, 나아가 실어증 환자의 경우에는 정상인에 비해 어떤 행동장애를 보이며, 장애가 있다면 어느 경로의 손상으로 인한 장애인지를 알아보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위해 이해성 실어증 환자 한 명과 음어적 실행증 현상을 동반한 경미한 정도의 실어증 환자를 피험자로 하였다. 실험 과제는 단어 채워 넣기 과제(word completion task)를 사용하였다. 즉 주어진 기본형 용언을 검사 문장의 문맥에 맞게 활용하여 채워 넣는 것이다. 실험 결과에 의하면 환자들은 규칙용언의 활용(예. 먹다/먹는)과 불규칙 용언 중 형태를 유지한 채로 활용하는 경우(예. 줍다/줍고)에는 거의 오류가 없었으나, 불규칙 용언이 형태 변화를 겪어야 할 경우(예. 줍다/주워)에는 대부분 오류를 보였다. 또 이때는 기본형(basic form)을 그대로 유지하는 오류 방향성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 그간 문법으로 구분되어 오던 규칙 용언/불규칙 용언의 정보 처리보다는 형태 유지/형태 변화 정보 처리의 영향이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 이해성 실어증 환자는 전체적인 오류율이 매우 높았는데, 규칙 용언의 경우에도 오류를 보였다. 이때, 용언의 어간에 해당하는 부분에는 오류가 없고, 뒤에 따르는 내용과의 관계를 파악해야 하는 문법 기능소, 즉 연결 어미에서 오류를 보여 정보의 유지, 통합에 문제가 있다는 기존의 연구와도 일치하는 결과를 나타냈다.환자는 시제 선어말 어미를 선택하는데도 어려움을 보임이 확인되었다. 실험 3 역시 실험 1과 실험2에서와 동일하게 처리의 어려움을 보였다. 이러한 실험 결과들은 국어의 존칭과 시제 선어말 어미가 통사부에서 구(XP)와 결합하여 새로운 구를 형성하는 통사적 접사로 해석할 수 있으며 Grodzinsky의 가설을 지지하는 결과를 보여 줌으로서 국어에서도 AgrP, TP, CP 사이의 통사적 위계가 있음을 뒷받침하는 증거가 된다.전처리한 Group 3에서는 IL-2와 IL-4의 수준이 유의성있게 억제되어 발현되었다 (p < 0.05). 이러한 결과를 통하여 T. denticola에서 추출된 면역억제 단백질이 Th1과 Th2의 cytokine 분비 기능을 억제하는 것으로 확인 되었으며 이 기전이 감염 근관에서 발견되는 T. denticola의 치수 및 치근단 질환에 대한 병인기전과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.을 보였다. 본 실험 결과, $Depulpin^{\circledR}은{\;}Tempcanal^{\circledR}와{\;}Vitapex^{\circledR}$에 비해 높은 세포 독성을 보여주공 있으나, 좀 더 많은 임상적 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추론할 수 있다.근관벽을 처리하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.크기에 의존하며, 또한 이러한 영향은 $(Ti_{1-x}AI_{x})N$ 피막에 존재하는 AI의 함량이 높고, 초기에 증착된 막의 업자 크기가 작을 수록 클 것으로 여겨진다. 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2005

Most of stroke patients have not only physical difficulty but speech and neurological disorder because of hemiplegia and such unexpected changes cause psychologic disadaptability and absent-mindedness. Particularly, lowering of physical ability can lead to serious emotional problem from failure or frustration in daily life. Generally, treatment of patient with stroke put emphasis on physical rehabilitation but actually this patient had considerable speech disorder such as aphasia or articulation disorder. Moreover, failing of recognition function, mental disorder as hypochondria, and even visual and auditory disorder are represented. So it is effective to integrate verbal remediation and other treatments in medical care environment. In particular, patients with language disorder very often wither psychologically therefore it is efficient to use of music therapy that gives opulent emotion to aphasia patients. And primarily to investigate the effects of 10 sessions treatments; change in spoken total number of syllables, to confirm their own value by success of given task and reassure about themselves ability. All of 10 sessions stages were scored by MIT manual and its improvement were measured, that is, accomplishment was analyzed within each level in order to prove detail change of spoken total number of syllables. The result of this program organized from 2 syllables to 4 syllables is summarized as follows. Subject A completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in seventh session and to Level IV in ninth session, and in 4 syllables case showed 8% low success rate in first session but after repeated practice increased considerably in sixth session and in advanced to Level III in eighth session to Level IV in tenth session. Subject B also completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in forth session and to Level IV in sixth session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, and in 4 syllables case showed 10% low success rate in first session and increased considerably in fifth session and in advanced to Level III in seventh session but could not reach to Level IV until tenth session. As a result, it was shown that music therapy using MIT was not statistically meaningful but improved spoken total number of syllables and success rate of task had improved as a whole. Therefore, music intervention using MIT it has positive affect on verbal ability of patients with Broca's Aphasia and their language rehabilitation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.167-172
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• 1996

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-135
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the concept of Aphasia of children in the western and oriental medicine. Methods : We surveyed the western and oriental medical books from to recent published books that have articles on Aphasia. Results and Conclusion : The concept of phonation organ in neiching is same as that of modern physiology. Sul-um is relative with verbal disturbance of central nervous disease and Hu-um is relative with verbal disturbance of peripheral nervous disease in modern medicine. The Aphasia of Children was classified two concept which is innate and acquirement Aphasia according to production cause. The Aphasia of children has the most close relation with the kidney and heart in the five zang-organ.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2003

This study attempted to determine the effects of a context-based drawing task on the language expression of a severe Wernicke's and Broca's aphasic. The subjects in this study showed a poor auditory comprehension and naming performance. They also showed paraphasia and perseveration. This study focused on improving language expression by a drawing task based on conversation at hand. Ten target words were chosen which were easily drawnable and familiar to the subjects. The results showed that the context-based drawing task was effective on improving the subjects' confrontation naming ability and expressive language ability in terms of explanation of sentences. In addition, the Broca's aphasic showed improved naming ability when the contextual cues were given and he was supposed to spontaneously name words.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2004

The characteristics of generative naming ability between fluent aphasiacs and non-fluent aphasics were investigated for 10 fluent aphasics (6 Wernicke's and 4 conduction type) and 10 non-fluent aphasics (6 Broca's and 4 transcortical motor type). Subjects were given 2 types of generative naming task and asked to generate lists of words to categorical ('animal', 'things at a supermarket') and phonetic ('ㄱ', 'ㅇ', 'ㅅ') cues. The total numbers of correct and incorrect response and error type ratios were calculated. The results of the present study were as follows: (1) Fluent aphasics had higher generative naming scores than non-fluent aphasics. (2) A remarkable dissociation between performance on categorical and phonetic cue in both aphasic groups was observed. Both aphasic groups produced a large number of responses in the categorical cue. (3) There was no significant group-difference in the error type. (4) Any correlation between generative naming and confrontation naming in K - WAB was not found.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.58-67
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• 2016

Pragmatic language impairment is closely related to the executive function difficulties in patients with acquired brain injury(ABI). This study was designed to explore the correlation between two domains following ABI. Thirty-five participants with ABI were grouped into 21 aphasics due to stroke and 14 TBIs. All subjects were over 55 years old. Measures of two domains were administered to all participants. As a result, figurative language comprehension and functional/symbolic language were significantly correlated with the activating task in aphasic group. All tasks were significantly correlated in TBI group. Aphasic patients' figurative language comprehension significantly predicted the activating task. In TBI group, figurative language expression and functional/symbolic language were the predictable tasks of planning and activating, respectively. Current study demonstrates the evidence of a significant association between pragmatic language and executive function, and provides appropriate tasks used for cognitive-linguistic intervention of individuals with ABI.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

Distinguishing aphasia in stroke patients and observing the subtle linguistic characteristics associated with it primarily requires the use of instruments that provide reliable assessment results. Additionally, examiners should be fully aware of how to use those instruments. This study examined 46 stroke patients for aphasia and assessed the reliability of their diagnoses according to examiners whose medical fields were different from each other. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the reliability before training and that after training. To this end, 46 stroke patients were tested for aphasia and in terms of their speech disorder degree by 3 groups, each of which consisted of 12 professionals (3 SLP, 3 neurologist, and 3 nurse). In the result, a rating of 'acceptable' was given for speech intelligibility tasks and the voice quality of /ah-/ prolongation, and other sub-tests were marked as 'good-excellent' by the experts with different areas of medical expertise. For the tasks marked as 'acceptable', the subjects were video-trained for 3 weeks and the differences were compared before and after their training. Consequently, the differences in the examiners' ratings in the speech intelligibility tasks showed a significant decrease and the accuracy of their voice quality ratings showed a significant increase. In the result of research on the correlation between the accuracy of the sub-test ratings and the amount of clinic experience, speech therapists developed more accuracy in rating a picture description task and a speech intelligibility task as their experience accumulated. Meanwhile, doctors and nurses showed more accurate ratings in picture description tasks with greater clinical experience. The results of this study suggest that assessing the neurologic-communicative disorders of stroke patients requires ongoing training and experience, especially for speech disorders. It was also found that the rating reliability in this case could be improved by training.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2016

The present study was to test if breathing training in melodic intonation therapy (MIT) ameliorated the articulation intelligibility of Broca's aphasics or not. The experimental group did breathing training (2 stages) that preceded the MIT. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the MIT intervention, the VOT (Voice Onset Time), the TD (Total Delay), the voice sound intensity and the expiratory volume of the subjects, closely associated with articulation intelligibility were measured before and after the intervention. It was shown that, in the experimental group after the MIT intervention, the VOT and TD were increased on bilabial/p/, alveolar consonant /t/, and soft palatal /k/(p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found on affricate /c/ and fricative /s/(p > 0.05). In the control group, no significant increases in the VOT and TD were observed on all articulation points(p > 0.05). The voice sound intensity which influences the verbal articulation increased in the experimental group after the intervention(p < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. In conclusion, the breathing training in the MIT was found to result in improving the articulation intelligibility of Broca's aphasiacs.