• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

In the execution of construction management, such pre-design steps as a planning stage, a basic design stage, and a work design stage are regarded as more important than an actual construction stage. However, the manpower input criterion from the aspect of construction management price standard in the Construction Engineering Management Law does not attach weight to the pre-design stage. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the propriety of manpower input in the pre-design stage of construction management and then present an improvement strategy of it. For this, the investigator examined the criterion of service price prescribed in the Construction Engineering Management Law and then comparatively analyzed four sites of construction management services. Study findings are as follows: 1) the actual state of manpower input based on the stepwise average price criterion of construction management service is presented with such steps as the newly established planning step (6.6%), the basic design stage (3.9%$\rightarrow$5.6%), the practical design stage(7.6%$\rightarrow$13.5%), the construction stage (88.5%$\rightarrow$64.0%), and the newly established maintenance stage (10.3%). The average price criterion is classified by total construction expenses and calculated by improved rates and stage; and 2) the three-step criterion of the Construction Engineering Management Law is classified into five stages including the planning stage and the maintenance stage by dividing it with the stepwise construction businesses. Study findings show that the calculation of price criterion in the actual site of construction management services must be operated in a practical and flexible manner and the systematic improvement of stepwise manpower input must be carried out actually.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.3 s.25
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• pp.156-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to present proper VE application methods to euly design phases. Since VE methodology is more effective on early stage of design phase, the study focused on application of VE methodology in early stage of design process. With the examination of past studies, obstacles of VE application in domestic construction industry are defined. To solve these problems, this paper presents (1) subdivision of VE execution time, (2) an appropriate VE targeting method for construction industry, (3) a resonable and practical function analysis process, and (4) modified design-VE job plan.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2013

It is essential to consider geometry in the early design stage for rational design decisions. However, a crucial decision had been taken by conversation, physical model, and gesture rather than BIM mode which can analyze geometry efficiently. This research proposes the framework of interaction between BIM model and physical model for real-time BIM analysis. Through this real-time system framework of two models, architects can adopt BIM data at early design stage to review analysis of BIM model. It should facilitate dynamic design based on rich BIM information from an early stage to a final stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1994

A number of the latest research projects focus on the development of real-time mapping system. Typically, these devices are used to capture land-related information in digital form from airplanes or cars. The purpose of this paper is to automatically extract the road information from the digital images obtained using the so-called "GPS-Van" which has been developed by Center for Mapping at The Ohio State University, and to propose the method for the effective storage and management of the digital data. The edges of a road can be extracted from the digital image and determined real-time 3-dimensional position by digital photogrammetry. Also, the three storage level which consists of raster data level, object-oriented data level, and vector data level in the data storage and Quadtree data structure for the effective compression and search in the data management was proposed in this paper.his paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2003

영재교육 프로그램 개발의 핵심적인 부분은 영재들에게 적절한 교육과정이며, 대표적인 영재교육과정모형으로 삼부심화학습모형(Enrichment Triad Model: ETM), 학교단위 심화학습모형(Schoolwide Enrichment Model： SEM), 자기주도적 학습모형 (Self-Directed Learning Model), 퍼듀 3단계 심화학습 모형(Purdue Three-Stage Enrichment Model) 등이 있다. 이들 모형에 대한 적용 연구가 일부 초등학교냐 중학교의 시범적인 속진 및 심화 프로그램 실시로 적용된 바는 있으나 정규 교육과정에서는 실시될 기회가 없었다. 국내에서도 2002년 영재교육법 시행령 적용 이후 과학영재학교가 지정되어 운영되고 있기에, 영재교육을 위한 모형을 정규 교육과정 및 교수-학습 과정에 적용하고 그 효과를 밝히는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 삼부심화학습모형을 적용하기 위한 구체적인 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하고, 이를 과학영재학교 물리수업에 적용하여 그 과정과 학생들의 인식을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 과학영재고등학교 1학년 72명이며 검사결과 지능지수, 추리력, 수리력, 지각력 면에서 매우 우수한 집단으로 나타났다. 삼부심화학습모형을 실시한 기간은, 1단계 활동을 2주간 실시하였고, 2단계 활동은 4개월간 진행하고 있으며, 3단계 활동은 겨울방학을 이용하여 실시할 계획이다. 삼부심화학습모형에 의하면 1단계는‘일반 탐색 활동을 통한 심화 학습’단계로 정규 교육과정 속에 포함되어 있지 않은 새롭고, 흥미로운 주제나 지식 영역들에 학생들이 접할 수 있도록 설계된 일반적 탐구 혹은 탐색 경험들을 제공하는 것으로 구성된다. 점수를 종속변인으로 하여 회귀분석을 한 결과 TTCT 도형과 언어 검사 모두 WAIS 소검사중의 기본지식문제가 TTCT 전체점수에 가장 높은 영향력을 미쳤다. 지능이 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹에 대해 WAIS 11개 소검사와 TTCT 전체점수와의 상관을 구한 결과, 지능이 높은 그룹에서는 유의미한 상관을 의미는 소검사가 거의 없었던 것과는 달리, 지능이 낮은 그룹에서는 결정성지능을 대표하는 소 검사와 TTCT 도형검사 점수간의 상관이 유의미하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 TTCT는 도형과 언어 검사 모두 유동성지능 보다는 결정성지능과 상관이 있음을 알 수 있는데, 이는 창의력 검사가 문제 해결 상황에 기존의 지식을 이용하는 능력을 측정하고 있기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 지능이 낮은 그룹에서 높은 그룹에 비해 창의력 검사와 지능 검사 사이의 상관의 정도가 높았는데, 이는 일정 수준까지는 창의적 능력이 결정성 지능에 의해 제한을 받으나 일정 수준 이상의 결정성 지능을 갖게 되면 더 이상 결정성 지능이 창의적 능력을 제한하지 않기 때문인 것으로 해석된다.circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-62
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an interactive singing-based synchronous videoconferencing program for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was conducted in four stages: analysis of interactive singing tasks in the literature for children with ASD, examination of differences in perception of sounds transmitted via synchronous videoconferencing platform depending on the type of singing tasks and accompaniment, construction of singing-based synchronous videoconferencing program and determination of its validity, and implementation of the constructed program with three children with ASD and confirmation of its feasibility. The results showed that different types of singing tasks and accompaniment affected perception of sounds transmitted online, which highlights the importance of considering such effects when designing synchronous videoconferencing music therapy programs. Also, increases in program engagement and singing behaviors were observed for all three participants, and their caregivers reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. The findings support the applicability of this intervention as a tele-music alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical implications and suggestions are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the duration of the construction document (CD) phase of 42 large public building projects delivered by the total solution service of Public Procurement Services in Korea from 2009 to 2014. The quality of construction documents significantly affects the quality of construction and facility management. Thus, securing appropriate time for the CD phase during project planning is important for the quality of a project. Currently, the duration of the CD phase is planned based on the construction costs of a project following a notice of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. However, our analysis results showed that the correlation between the actual duration of the CD phase and construction costs is very weak. The actual CD phase takes 1.33-1.79 times longer than the planned duration. The practitioners who were interviewed, were already aware that the correlation between the duration of the CD phase and the construction costs is weak. They identified the complexity of the project, the extent of the design changes, project type, client characteristics, and others as more influential factors on the CD phase than the construction costs. To improve the quality of CDs, a new guideline for determining an adequate CD phase duration should be studied and developed.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.218-221
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• 2010

발주자는 건설 프로젝트의 주요 의사결정을 초기단계에 내리게 되므로 정확한 예산을 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 건설 프로젝트의 대형화, 복잡화 그리고 건설산업계의 새로운 패러다임인 BIM(Building Information Modeling)의 등장에도 불구하고, 초기단계에서 정확한 공사비를 예측할 수 있는 표준화된 산출방법이 없어 아직까지도 대부분의 설계사무소에서는 실시설계단계에서 확정된 설계안에 따른 견적을 이용하며 초과된 비용에 대해 통합품질을 저해하는 행위를 통해 조정하고 있다. 초기단계에서 보다 정확한 공사비를 예측하므로써 발주자는 의사결정을 함에 있어 올바른 판단을 내릴 수 있으며, 이 단계에서 발생한 정보를 활용하여 이후 단계에도 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 발주자 의사결정 지원시스템 상에서 BIM기반으로 개략공사비를 산출할 수 있는 프로세스를 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.1A
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• pp.13-23
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• 2007

In this paper, a packet scheduling scheme that supports real-time traffic having multi-level delay constraints in OFDMA systems is proposed. The proposed scheme pursues to satisfy the delay constraint first, and then manage the residual radio resource in order to enhance the overall throughput. A parameters named tolerable delay time (TDT) is newly defined to deal with the differentiated behaviors of packet scheduling according to the delay constraint level. Assuming that the packets violating the delay constraint are discarded, the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of the packet loss probability, throughput, channel utilization. It is then compared with existing schemes for real-time traffic support such as the Exponential Scheduling (EXP) scheme, the Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (M-LWDF) scheme, and the Round robin scheme. The numerical results show that the proposed scheduling scheme performs much better than the aforementioned scheduling schemes in terms of the packet loss probability, while slightly better in terms of throughput and channel utilization.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 2017

In this paper, a real-time training method to improve the performance of bearing fault diagnosis. The traditional bearing fault diagnosis cannot classify a condition which is not trained by the classifier. The proposed 4-step method trains and recognizes new condition in real-time, thereby it can classify the condition accurately. In the first step, we calculate the maximum distance value for each class by calculating a Euclidean distance between a feature vector of each class and a centroid of the corresponding class in the training information. In the second step, we calculate a Euclidean distance between a feature vector of new acquired data and a centroid of each class, and then compare with the allowed maximum distance of each class. In the third step, if the distance between a feature vector of new acquired data and a centroid of each class is larger than the allowed maximum distance of each class, we define that it is data of new condition and increase count of new condition. In the last step, if the count of new condition is over 10, newly acquired 10 data are assigned as a new class and then conduct re-training the classifier. To verify the performance of the proposed method, bearing fault data from a rotating machine was utilized.