• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

W ith the recent increasing build and application for 3D spatial information, the importance of management and application for spatial information based on indoor space has been increased. Especially, Due to the increasing of the scale and complexity of the building according to the development of construction technologies several studies have been conducted to provide the services based on indoor space such as indoor navigation for disaster. Therefore, to efficient manage and service for information of complicated indoor space, it is necessary to extend and develop 3D spatial model and services that have been developed for outdoor space. In this paper, Indoor Spatial Data Model(ISDM) is developed to support building spatial information for complicated indoor space and location based services through topological information. ISDM contains a feature model which is a CityGML Application Domain Extension(ADE) model and a topology model that refers the IndoorGML.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.42-49
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• 2010

현재 대규모 실내공간이 증가하고 있고, 이에 따른 화재 등의 사고가 발생함에 따라 화재대피시스템과 같은 실시간 실내 응용에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 학문적 연구 또는 상업용 시스템에서 사용되는 화재모델이내 보행자 모델은 대부분 2D 기반의 CAD와 같은 파일구조를 기반으로 하고 있으며 가상데이터를 이용한 시뮬레이션에 초점을 두고 있다. 따라서 이들을 실내 센서 등을 이용한 실시간 시스템으로 구축하기 위해서는 몇 가지 문제점들이 해결되어야 한다. 우선, 실내공간의 의미 있는 관계정보를 포함하는 위상적인 3D 모델이 필요하다. 또한, 실내 센서들에 의해 감지된 보행자의 이동을 저장하고, 저장된 데이터를 이용하여 실시간 안내를 위해서는 실내데이터 구축에 공간 DBMS를 이용해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 실내보행자 모델에서 두 가지 개선점을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째는, 간단한 3D 실내 모델구축과 공간 DBMS와 연계된 보행자 시뮬레이터를 구현하는 과정을 제시한다. 둘째는, 보행자의 가시성(visibility)에 대한 영향이 반영된, 개선된 floor field 모델을 제안한다. 이와 같은 과정을 캠퍼스 건물에 적용하고 시뮬레이션을 수행하는 과정을 예시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.47-49
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• 2010

최근 들어 복잡한 대규모의 실내공간이 늘어남에 따라, 실내공간에서의 생활이 늘어나고 있다. 이에 따라 실내공간에서의 편의와, 혹시 발생할지 모르는 사고에 대비하여 실내공간을 3차원으로 표현하고 분석하는 것은 매우 중요한 이슈가 되어왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복잡한 실내공간을 표현하고, 실내공간 뿐만 아니라 실외공간과의 연계 표현이 가능한 실내공간 데이터 모델을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.319-320
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• 2009

실내 공간 용용기술의 핵심은 3차원 실내공간데이터의 모델링 기법과 이와 연동 가능한 센서기술이다. 하지만 아직은 실내위치기반서비스를 위한 측위기술 및 공간데이터에 대한 표준과 활용방안이 제한된 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 실내 위치기반서비스에서 사용 가능한 간단한 공간 DBMS 기반의 3차원 실내 공간 데이터 모델의 구축방법과 이를 활용할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 모델은 2차원 기반의 multi-layer 구조를 가지며, 2차원 및 3차원으로 가시화가 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 제시한 3차원 실내 공간 모델의 실내 기반 서비스로의 적용을 테스트하기 위하여 CA(Cellular Automata)기반의 대피 시뮬레이터와 대피 경로 안내 시스템 그리고 실내센서(카메라)와의 연동 등 몇 가지 응용분야에 대한 테스트를 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2014

As the interest in indoor space increases, the demands for various services based on indoor space is increasing. With the demands, to construct spatial information for indoor space is also required, but there is not defined the LOD(Level of Detail) for indoor spatial data. Therefore, in this paper we classified data for indoor space data construction, and then we defined the accuracy and detail about the level of detail to provide suitable application services according to the type and representation method of each data. Most previous researches are focus on the geometrical representation, but in this paper we define a indoor LOD model based on type and representation method of data. In addition, we present applicable services with proposed LOD model and suggest a guideline for construction and application of indoor space.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2009

There is a growing interest in ubiquitous-related research and applications. Among them, GPS-based LBS have been developed and used actively. Recently, with the increase of large size buildings and disastrous events, indoor spaces are getting attention and related research activities are being carried out. Core technologies regarding indoor applications may include 3D indoor data modeling and localization sensor techniques that can integrate with indoor data. However, these technologies have not been standardized and established enough to be applied to indoor implementation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method to build a relatively simple 3D indoor data modeling technique that can be applied to indoor location based applications. The proposed model takes the form of 2D-based multi-layered structure and has capability for 2D and 3D visualization. We tested three prototype applications using the proposed model; CA(cellular automata)-based 3D evacuation simulation, network-based routing, and indoor moving objects tracking using a stereo camera.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-453
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• 2008

With the rapid progress of location based services, GIS, and ubiquitous computing technologies, the space that we are dealing with is no longer limited to outdoor space but being extended to indoor space. Indoor space has some differences from outdoor space, therefore to provide integrated spaces and seamless services, it is required to establish new theories, data models, and systems. For this reason, ambitious project has been launched last year to establish a theoretical background, develop a core technologies and systems, and provide services of indoor spatial awareness. In this paper, we present an overall sketch on the project and major research topics. First, we present the ISA (indoor spatial awareness) project with its goal and research topics. Second, a simplified 3D spatial model, called prism model, is proposed as a basic data types and operators of indoor spatial DBMS. Third, a indoor feature data model, developed T. Kolbe et al. who is a member of this project team, is introduced in this paper. This model provides a basis for the integration of different spaces.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Currently used 3D models, which are mostly focused on visualization of 3D objects and lack topological structure, have limitation in being used for 3D spatial analyses and applications. However, implementing a full topology for the indoor spatial objects is less practical due to the increase of complexity and computation time. This study suggests an alternative method to build a 3D indoor model with less complexity using a spatial DBMS. Storing spatial and nonspatial information of indoor spaces in DB tables enables faster queries, computation and analyses. Also it is possible to display them in 2D or 3D using the queried information. This study suggests a 2D-3D hybrid data model, which combines the 2D topology constructed from CAD floor plans and stored in a spatial DBMS and the 3D visualization functionality. This study showed the process to build the proposed model in a spatial DBMS and use spatial functions and queries to visualize in 2D and 3D. And, then, as an example application, it illustrated the process to build an indoor evacuation simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.1180-1182
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• 2012

최근 시설물이 대형화 및 복잡화 되어 가면서 실외 공간뿐만 아니라 실내공간에 대한 관심이 국내외적으로 높아지고 있다. 이에 실내공간을 3차원으로 표현하고, 실외와 실내를 연계 및 통합하려는 연구가 국내외적으로 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실외와 실내의 연계 및 통합을 위한 전 단계의 연구로 현재 국제 표준화 작업이 진행 중인 실내공간을 표현하는 IndoorGML 데이터모델을 대상으로 그 데이터를 편집하고 가시화하는 도구를 구현하였다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.41-52
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• 2015

MOLIT (Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) authorized Indoor Spatial Information as Basic spatial information in 2013. It became a legal evidence for constructing and managing Indoor Spatial Information. Although it has a little advantage to utilize as service level that Indoor Spatial Information by laser scan or measurement, it has a lot of problems such as consuming many resources, requiring additional progresses for inputting Object Information. In conclusion, it is inefficient to utilize for the maintenance and domestic AEC/FM field. The purposes of this study is to output Indoor Spatial Information by operating IFC model which based on open BIM and to improve availability of Indoor Spatial Information with data visualization. The open-sources of IFC Exporter, a inner program of Revit (Autodesk Inc), is used to output Indoor Spatial Information. Directs 3D Library is also operated to visualize Indoor Spatial Information. It is possible to inter-operate between XML format and the objects of Indoor Spatial Information. It can be utilized in various field as well. For example COBie linkage in facility management, construction of geo-database using air-photogrammetry of UAV (Unmaned Areal Vehicle), the simulation of large-scale military operations and the simulation of large-scale evacuation. The method that is purposed in this study has outstanding advantages such as conformance with national spatial information policy, high level of interoperability as indoor spatial information objects based on IFC, convenience of editing information, light level of data and simplifying progress of producing information.