• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

이온교환막을 이용한 전기적 탈염기술은 막모듈 내에 양이온교환막과 음이온교환막을 교대로 장착시키고 모듈의 양단 전극에 전압을 적용함으로써 물속에 용존되어 있는 양이온과 음이온들을 전기의 힘을 이용하여 선택적으로 투과시키는 원리를 기반으로 하는 청정공정 기술이다. 이온교환막 공정은 전통적으로 산/알칼리의 생산, 산업폐수의 중금속의 제거, 해수의 담수화, 반도체 산업의 초순수의 제조, 해수에서 식염의 제조, 발효산업의 유기산 및 아미노산의 회수 등 다양한 산업분야에서 응용되어 왔다. 최근에는 이러한 기존의 응용분야에서 벗어나 새롭게 응용분야가 넓어지고 있다. 이온교환막과 다공성 탄소전극을 결합한 막축전식 해수담수화기술, 해수와 담수의 염도차를 이용한 역전기투석식 해수발전 등의 새로운 선택분리기능 및 응용분야를 가진 이온교환막의 개발 및 공정에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 이온교환막이 아직 상용화되지 않고 있어 이온교환막을 이용한 응용연구가 활발하게 진행되지 못하고 있어 그 개발이 시급하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 이온교환막을 이용한 전기투석식 탈염기술, 물분해 전기투석, 전기탈이온 공정에 관한 동향을 조사하였다. 아울러 미래의 이온교환막의 응용기술인 해수담수화기술로서 역삼투법과 경쟁하여 에너지를 낮게 소모할 것으로 예상되는 분리막을 이용한 막축전식 탈염기술과 무한한 신재생에너지원인 해수와 담수를 이용한 역전기투석 해수발전기술에 대해 기술의 원리들과 최근의 연구동향 등을 정리하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.440-444
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• 2015

The purpose of this case report was to present the treatment of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in dogs with end-stage CKD with uncontrolled uremia. Hemodialysis were carried out 6 patients who failed to improve clinical status with conventional management for CKD. Four dogs with urea reduction ratio (URR) range of 57-72% and 1 dog with URR of 37.3% showed good outcome with decreasing tendency of pre-dialysis Therefore, we suggest that CRRT could be recommended for use in CKD dogs with uncontrolled azotemia or uremia and should be monitor carefully throughout the CRRT.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the minor stress in daily life related to undergoing hemodialysis and the relationship between minor stresses, coping skills, and subjective quality of life among the patients with end stage renal disease. Methods : Seventy seven patients on hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. Minor stress was assessed with daily stress inventory-Korean version(K-DSI), ways of coping checklist identified the use of the following coping strategies:problem-focused, seek social support, emotion-focused coping and wishful thinking. Socio-demographic data were obtained and World Health Organization-Quality of Life Scale(brief form) was also administered to subjects. Results : Participants mean age was $55.92{\pm}13.71$ years. The mean of the event, impact and impact/event (I/E) ratio scores of K-DSI were $29.06{\pm}21.57$, $88.69{\pm}75.88$ and $2.92{\pm}1.11$, respectively. These scores were much higher than normative data of K-DSI. Among the 5 categories of this inventory, the scores of cognitive stressors were highest. 5 categories of the inventory showed positive relationship with way of coping subscales, which showed coefficient of correlation between 0.259(p<.01) and 0.495(p<.001). However, no significant correlation was found between minor stress subscales and quality of life. Hemodialysis patients in our study used more emotional-focused coping methods, which was considered as passive way of cope than problem-orientated coping methods. Conclusion : The main findings of this study indicated that patients on hemodialysis showed higher level of perceived minor stress than normal population. The patients treated with hemodialysis tend to use passive way of coping primarily. For assessing the stress in patients on hemodialysis, clinician has to consider both level of perceived minor stress and the ways of coping the patients primarily use.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.240
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• pp.62-64
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• 2009

당뇨병성 신증이라 하면 임상적으로 당뇨병환자에서 염증이 없는 소변에서 단백뇨가 지속적으로 나타남을 의미하는 것이다. 이는 다른 신장질환이나 신부전증 등에 의하지 않고 당뇨병의 합병증으로 발생된 경우를 의미한다. 당뇨병환자의 25~50%가 신 질환을 갖게 되며 결국 투석이나 신장이식을 받게 된다. 20년 이상 기왕력을 가진 제 1형 당뇨병환자의 40~50%에서 당뇨병성 신증이 발생된다. 제 2형 당뇨병환자의 경우에는 임상적으로 문제시 되는 당뇨병성 신증 환자는 적게 발생되어 5~10%만 발생된다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.184-188
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• 2002

A bacteriocin producing microorganism, which inhibits the growth of Lactobacillus sake, was screened and isolated from Kimchi. This microorganism was identified and named as Lactobacillus sp. Oh-B3, The maximum amount of bacteriocin was produced when the isolated microorganism was cultured in MRS media(pH 8.0) for 24 hours at 25℃. The bacteriocin from the isolated microorganism was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and ultrafiltration. The bacteriocin was stable on the wide pH range of 2.0-9.0, and showed antimicrobial activity on some of gram positive bacteria, not on gram negative. The antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin was mostly removed by treatment of proteolytic enzymes. But, the bacteriocin was very stable on the heat treatment, and more than 50％ of activity was remained at autoclaving. The action mode of the bacteriocin showed bacteriocidal pattern, being same as that of general bacteriocins.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

Salinity gradient energy can be generated from a mixture of water streams with different salt concentrations by using reverse electrodialysis (RED). In this study, we evaluated the effect of stack size and number of cell pairs on the energy efficiency and specific energy of the RED process. Additionally, we studied the prementioned parameters to maximize the power density of RED. The performance of the RED stack which used a patterned ion exchange membrane, was evaluated as a function of stack size and feed flow rate. Moreover, it was noted that an increase in stack size increased the ion movement through the ion exchange membrane. Furthermore, an increase in feed flow rate led to a reduction in the concentration variation, resulting in an increase in OCV and power density. The energy efficiency and specific energy for 100 cells in the 10 × 10 cm² stack were the highest at 12% and 0.05 kWh/m³, respectively, while the power density from 0.33 cm/s to 5 × 5 cm² stack was the highest at 0.53 W/m². The study showed that the RED performance can be improved by altering the size of the stack and the number of cell pairs, thereby positively affecting energy efficiency and specific energy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.303-317
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyse the job activities of the H/D nurses andto develop their job activities. This study surveyed 222 H/D nurses' reports using a questionnaire which contained 101 questions about the nursing care contents of the H/D nursing and 7 questions about the characteristics of the H/D nurses who were working in the H/D rooms of the 80 hospitals and local clinics. H/D nurses checked for 6 days the frequency of the H/D job activities and the amount of time spent in each individual nursing content by the stop watch which had been provided. The data was gathered from Jan. 21, 1999 to Oct. 30, 1999 and analysed by descriptive statistics, F-test and Pearson's correlation r with SPSS program. The results are as follows:

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to discover the experience of hemodialysis which clients confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis and to understand the nature and meaning of their crisis experience. The research subjects were 6 clients receiving hemodialysis in Seoul from Jan. 1996 to Jul. 1996. Data were collected by informal indepth interview and participant observation. Content Analysis(by Seaman & Verhonick, 1982; Woods & Catanzaro, 1988) was applied to collect similar contents and common experience in order to derivate concepts and categories for better understanding of their hemodialysis experience. As a result, 6 categories derivated to indentify their hemodialysis experience of the CRF clients-confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis-were as follows: 1) The category of shocking crisis composed the concepts of shock, amagement and suffocation. 2) The category of denial composed the concepts of disease refusal and hemodialysis refusal. They repeatedly visited hospitals or didn't visit hospital in order to refuse disease, then depended on folk remedy or shamanistic method. 3) The category of severe anxiety composed the concepts of abandoned feeling, shame, resentment, neurosis and anger. 4) The category of depression composed the concepts of grief, suffering of unfairness, tearing, desire to death. 5) The category of powerlessness composed the concept of hopelessness. 6) The category of resigned acceptance composed the concepts of resignation and acceptance. In this study, the CRF clients who confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis experienced six stages in accepting hemodialysis but these stages were mingled simultaneously and went on.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was performed to report the diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data with chart review in 7 patients who were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life from 1996 to 2007. Results : Three patients had congenital nephrotic syndrome, the other 4 patients had infantile nephrotic syndrome. Their ages ranged from birth to 11 months and male to female ratio was 1 to 6. Renal biopsies were done in 6 patients. One patient had Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome, 2 patients had diffuse mesangial sclerosis, 2 patients had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and 1 patient had minimal change disease. Genetic analyses of NPHS2, PLCE1, and WT1 were done in 4 patients and 2 of them had WT1 mutation. Among 3 patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome, 1 patient was diagnosed as congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type and the other 2 patients were diagnosed as Denys-Drash syndrome. All of the patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome died due to sepsis. Among 4 patients with infantile nephrotic syndrome, 2 patients died and 1 had remission, another patient progressed to end stage renal disease. Conclusion : Most of nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year was hereditary renal disease. Patients with nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the 3 month of life had poorer prognosis and needed more aggressive management including early dialysis and renal transplantation might be considered compared with infantile nephrotic syndrome. Further genotype-phenotype correlation studies are needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2000

Purpose: To improve the recovery of growth deficit after renal transplantation in children, we analysed the factors affecting height growth after renal transplantation. Methods: We reviewed medical records of fifty-six children in whom height data were available for three years after transplantation. All height data were converted into Z-scores. We analyzed the effects of sex, age at transplantation, cumulative mean steroid dose for 3 years, serum creatinine levels, height at transplantation, donor source and history of prior dialysis on patients' z-scores and delta Zs. Results: The Z-scores at transplantation were lower in patients of younger age (P=0.007). When baseline Z-scores were lower, the delta Zs were higher (P<0.01), but the Z-scores after transplantation were still lower (P<0.001). According to the analysis of the partial correlation coefficients, Z-scores and delta Zs at 1 year after transplantation were higher in groups of younger age and of lower steroid dosages (P<0.05). The delta Zs at 6 month and 1 year after transplantation were lower in the group with abnormally higher serum creatinine (P<0.05). There was no difference in Z-scores between groups of different genders, donor sources, and histories of previous dialysis. Conclusion: The children of younger age, on lower steroid dosage, with less growth retardation at transplantation, and with normal graft function had better height growth recoveries after renal transplantation.