• Title/Summary/Keyword: 신종대

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Semantic Interpretation of the Name "Cheomseongdae" (첨성대 이름의 의미 해석)

  • Chang, Hwalsik
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.2-31
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    • 2020
  • CheomSeongDae (瞻星臺) is a stone structure built in Gyeongju, the former Silla Dynasty capital, during the reign of Queen Seondeok (632~647AD). There exist dozens of hypotheses regarding its original purpose. Depending on to whom you ask, the answer could be a celestial observatory, a religious altar, a Buddhist stupa, a monumental tower symbolizing scientific knowledge, and so on. The most common perception of the structure among lay people is a stargazing tower. Historians, however, have suggested that it was intended as "a gateway to the heavens", specifically the Trāyastriṃśa or the second of the six heavens of Kāmadhātu located on the top of Mountain Sumeru. The name "Cheom-seong-dae" could be interpreted in many different ways. 'Cheom (瞻)' could refer to looking up, staring, or admiring, etc.; 'Seong (星)' could mean a star, heaven, night, etc.; and 'heaven' in that context can be a physical or religious reference. 'Dae (臺)' usually refers to a high platform on which people stand or things are placed. Researchers from the science fields often read 'cheom-seong' as 'looking at stars'; while historians read it as 'admiring the Trāyastriṃśa' or 'adoring Śakra'. Śakra is said to be the ruler of Trāyastriṃśa' who governs the Four Heavenly Kings in the Cāturmahārājika heaven, the first of the six heavens of Kāmadhātu. Śakra is the highest authority of the heavenly kings in direct contact with humankind. This paper examined the usages of 'cheom-seong' in Chinese literature dated prior to the publication of 『Samguk Yusa』, a late 13th century Korean Buddhist historical book that contains the oldest record of the structure among all extant historical texts. I found the oldest usage of cheom-seong (瞻星臺) in 『Ekottara Āgama』, a Buddhist script translated into Chinese in the late 4th century, and was surprised to learn that its meaning was 'looking up at the brightness left by Śakra'. I also found that 'cheom-seong' had been incorporated in various religious contexts, such as Hinduism, Confucianism, Buddhist, Christianism, and Taoism. In Buddhism, there was good, bad, and neutral cheom-seong. Good cheom-seong meant to look up to heaven in the practice of asceticism, reading the heavenly god's intentions, and achieving the mindfulness of Buddhism. Bad cheom-seong included all astrological fortunetelling activities performed outside the boundaries of Buddhism. Neutral cheom-seong is secular. It may help people to understand the nature of the physical world, but was considered to have little meaning unless relating to the spiritual world of Buddhism. Cheom-seong had been performed repetitively in the processes of constructing Buddhist temples in China. According to Buddhist scripts, Queen Māyā of Sakya, the birth mother of Gautama Buddha, died seven days after the birth of Buddha, and was reborn in the Trāyastriṃśa heaven. Buddha, before reaching nirvana, ascended from Jetavana to Trāyastriṃśa and spent three months together with his mother. Gautama Buddha then returned to the human world, stepping upon the stairs built by Viśvakarman, the deity of the creative power in Trāyastriṃśa. In later years, King Asoka built a stupa at the site where Buddha descended. Since then, people have believed that the stairway to the heavens appears at a Buddhist stupa. Carefully examining the paragraphic structure of 『Samguk Yusa』's records on Cheomseongdae, plus other historical records, the fact that the alignment between the tomb of Queen Seondeok and Cheomseongdae perfectly matches the sunrise direction at the winter solstice supports this paper's position that Chemseongdae, built in the early years of Queen SeonDeok's reign (632~647AD), was a gateway to the Trāyastriṃśa heaven, just like the stupa at the Daci Temple (慈恩寺) in China built in 654. The meaning of 'Cheom-seong-dae' thus turns out to be 'adoring Trāyastriṃśa stupa', not 'stargazing platform'.

Statistical Voice Activity Detection Using Probabilistic Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (확률적 비음수 행렬 인수분해를 사용한 통계적 음성검출기법)

  • Kim, Dong Kook;Shin, Jong Won;Kwon, Kisoo;Kim, Nam Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.851-858
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    • 2016
  • This paper presents a new statistical voice activity detection (VAD) based on the probabilistic interpretation of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). The objective function of the NMF using Kullback-Leibler divergence coincides with the negative log likelihood function of the data if the distribution of the data given the basis and encoding matrices is modeled as Poisson distributions. Based on this probabilistic NMF, the VAD is constructed using the likelihood ratio test assuming that speech and noise follow Poisson distributions. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperformed the conventional Gaussian model-based and NMF-based methods at 0-15 dB signal-to-noise ratio simulation conditions.

A Study on Constructing of Security Monitoring Schema based on Darknet Traffic (다크넷 트래픽을 활용한 보안관제 체계 구축에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Si-Jang;Kim, Chul-Won
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.8 no.12
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    • pp.1841-1848
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, the plans for improvement of real-time security monitoring accuracy and expansion of control region were investigated through comprehensive and systematic collection and analysis of the anomalous activities that inflow and outflow in the network on a large scale in order to overcome the existing security monitoring system based on stylized detection patterns which could correspond to only very limited cyber attacks. This study established an anomaly observation system to collect, store and analyze a diverse infringement threat information flowing into the darknet network, and presented the information classification system of cyber threats, unknown anomalies and high-risk anomalous activities through the statistics based trend analysis of hacking. If this security monitoring system utilizing darknet traffic as presented in the study is applied, it was indicated that detection of all infringement threats was increased by 12.6 percent compared with conventional case and 120 kinds of new type and varietal attacks that could not be detected in the past were detected.

A Study on the Librarians' Perception of Public Library about the Response to the COVID-19 (코로나19 대응조치에 관한 공공도서관 사서인식 조사연구)

  • Noh, Younghee;Chang, Rosa
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.203-220
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    • 2020
  • With the COVID-19 pandemic being prolonged, the society is being converted into an untact society, thereby affecting the service methodology of domestic and foreign library systems. This study thus surveyed the librarians' awareness of COVID-19 response measures of public libraries, and proposed public libraries' response measures in situations where the novel infectious disease is spreading and prolonging. Specifically, the proposed measures include, first, preparing national-centered library countermeasures to jointly respond to the epidemic disease, second, strengthening various untact and online services of various public libraries through government-level budget support, third, a thorough prevention of epidemics and preemptive response from the viewpoint of employees and users, and fourth, the expansion of library services aimed at resolving the digital cultural divide among classes of people, including information unfairness.

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation Associated with Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration - A case report - (외엽형 폐격리증을 동반한 선천성 낭종성 신종양 기형 - 1례 보고 -)

  • Lee, Jae-Kwang;Kweon, Jong-Bum;Park, Kuhn;Kwack, Moon-Sub;Sim, Sung-Bo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.594-596
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    • 2000
  • Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and Extralobar Pulmonary sequestration are very rare congenital anomalies. We experienced a 4 year-old female patient who had Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in her lower lobe of left lung. We accidently found extralobar pulmonary sequestration associated with Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation at operation field. The resection of the left lower lobe and the extralobar pulmonary sequestration were performed. The arterial supply of the extralobar pulmonary sequestration was one anomalous artery arised from the thoracic aorta. The Venous drainage of expralobar pulmonary sequestration was intercostal vein into the azygous vein. The patient was discharged without any problem.

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A case of restrictive dermopathy (제한성 피부병증(Restrictive Dermopathy) 1례)

  • Lee, Seung Ik;Hong, Chang Hee;Cheong, Yun Ha;Kang, Mi Seon;Sin, Jong Beom
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.306-310
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    • 2007
  • Restrictive dermopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which rigidity or tautness of the skin from the second trimester causes a fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) and early death. Characteristic features include taut skin with prominent subcutaneous vessels, widely open fontanelles and cranial sutures, distinctive facies, flexion contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, sparse eyelashes and and eyebrows, thin dysplastic clavicles. The histologic abnormalities of the skin are located in a thin dermis, consisting of compactly arranged collagen fibers, scanty elastic fiber. The dermoepidermal junction is flat, and epidermal appendages are absent, miniaturized or immature. The presence of adipose tissue may be increased. We report on the first Korean case of restrictive dermopathy with typical clinical features and histological findings.

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Coronavirus disease 2019 in Children (소아청소년 코로나바이러스감염증-19: 역학과 임상 양상)

  • Choi, Soo-Han;Kim, Han Wool;Kang, Ji-Man;Kim, Dong Hyun;Cho, Eun Young
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.11-23
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    • 2020
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates can suffer from COVID-19, and children may spread the disease in the community. This review summarizes what is currently known about COVID-19 in children and adolescents.

Taxonomic and Floristic Accounts of the Genus Trachelomonas Ehrenberg 1833 (Euglenophyceae) from Korea (한국산 담수조 Trachelomonas속 (Euglenophyceae)의 분류와 조류상)

  • Kim, Jun-Tae;Coute, Alain;Boo, Sung-Min
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.33 no.2 s.90
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    • pp.80-108
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    • 2000
  • This paper deals with floristic and taxonomic accounts of 47 taxa of the genus Trachelomonas collected from 58 waters in Korea. Of these, 19 taxa are added to the Korean Trachelomonas flora, and 4 taxa, T. curta var. reticulata, T. koreana, T. planctonica var. papillosa, and T. spina are newly recorded in the world flora of the euglenoids. Detailed description and illustrations are given for each species. Since 23 taxa are previously reported in the Korean freshwaters, a total of 70 taxa are listed up in the Korean Trachelomonas flora. Trachelomonas species are abundant and diverse in old or stagnant swamps or ponds, where is enriched with organic matters and nutrient salts. T. bacillifera, T. hispida, and T. volvocina formed water blooming in the natural swamps or fishery ponds in spring and summer.

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Determining Relative Weights of Criteria for Evaluating National Quarantine Station by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP방법(方法)을 적용(適用)한 국립검역소(國立檢疫所) 평가준거(評價準據)의 가중치(加重値) 결정(決定))

  • Yong, Yeong-Mun;Lee, Moo-Sik;Na, Baeg-Ju;Kim, Cheol-Ung;Kim, Gwang-Hwan;Yoo, In-Sook
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.817-820
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    • 2009
  • 신종 및 재출현 전염병이 지속적으로 유행하고 해외 전염병의 국내유입가능성이 증대됨에 따라 국립검역소의 검역관리 사업의 효율성 평가는 매우 중요하다. 연구는 평가 구성요소 사이의 상대적 중요도, 즉 가중치(weight) 부여에 있어서 과학적 타당성을 인정받고 있는 계층분석절차(Analytical Hierarchy Process; AHP) 기법에 의한 이원비교방법을 사용하여 설정하였다. AHP기법은 복잡한 다기준 의사결정문제(multi-criteria decision making problem)를 계층화하여 단순화 체계화시킴으로써 그 영향도를 계량화하는데 탁월한 기법이라는 평가를 받고 있다. 실제 측정에 있어서는 본 모형을 이용하여 얻어졌다. 대영역(기관평가영역, 서비스 및 프로그램평가 영역), 중영역(투입, 과정, 결과, 검역업무, 검사업무, 위생관리업무, 병원체조사감시업무, 전염병예방홍보 교육업무)으로 구분하여 최종적으로 평가지표로 선정된 지표는 실제 국립검역소 사업에 적용하였으며, 이에 대한 최소한의 평가지표를 최종 선정하여 향후 국립검역소사업 평가체계를 보다 체계화 하였다.

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A study of literature on acupuncture & moxibustion techniques to treat 10 kinds of lumbago described by Huh Jun in DongUiBoGam(東醫寶鑑) (동의보감(東醫寶鑑) 요통분류(腰痛分類)에 따른 십종요통(十種腰痛)의 침구치료(針灸治療)에 대(對)한 문헌연구(文獻硏究))

  • Shin, Jong-Keun;Kim, Kyung-Sik;Sohn, In-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.175-202
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    • 2004
  • The Object of this study is as follows. we classify lumbago into ten kinds as mentioned in DongUiBoGam(東醫寶鑑), and are going to present each acupunture & moxibustion treatment. For the purpose of looking for each treatment, we referred to a large number of literature for lumbago treatment from ancient to modern. As a result of survey the references, we found out that lumbago due to kidney deficiency(腎虛腰痛) and lumbago due to cold-damp(寒濕腰痛) are more mentioned in many references than any other kinds, and that ten kinds of lumbago have each treatment. above all, In treatment of lumbago due to kidney deficiency(腎虛腰痛) bladder meridian, governor vessel meridian, kidney meridian and general points such as BL23, KI3, BL40, GV4, BL52 are used much in turn. also in treatment of lumbago due to cold-damp(寒濕腰痛) bladder meridian, governor vessel meridian, gallbladder meridian and general points such as BL23, BL40, GV3, GV4, SP9, GB30, Ah-Shi' points(阿是穴), BL25 are used much in turn. We conclude that ten kinds of lumbago have each different acupunture & moxibustion points and treatments, so if we follow each treatment we might obtain more higher rate of the treatment of lumbago.

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